Part 9: Bringing Things Back from the Dead
Excerpt from Dark Funhouse, the Art and Work of Tim Burton, an Illustrated Compendium
In 1990 Winona Ryder brought Tim Burton a James V. Hart script titled “Bram Stoker’s Dracula”. A long-time fan of the original novel, Ryder was particularly fascinated by Hart’s romantic take on the classic story. “What attracted me to the script is the fact that it's a very emotional love story, which is not really what you think of when you think about Dracula,” she said in a later interview. “Mina, like many women in the late 1800s, has a lot of repressed sexuality. Everything about women in that era, the way those corsets forced them to move, was indicative of repression. To express passion was freakish[1].”
Tim Burton looked through the script, and agreed wholeheartedly. Alas, he was too busy to direct it himself. Instead, he handed the film to his cinematographer and second-unit director on
The Addams Family, Barry Sonnenfeld.
“The early ‘90s were all about bringing things back from the dead for the Skeleton Crew, be that the rich bitches of Death Becomes Her
, Ed Wood
and Bela Lugosi, Vlad Dracula, or a Tyrannosaurus Rex.” – Henry Selick
It was Sonnenfeld’s directorial debut, but after a decade of providing skilled cinematography for some of the best auteur directors like the Cohen Brothers and, of course, Burton, he was already well established behind the camera and had learned from the masters, as it were. Still, to do the picture right would require a very large budget. It would also require a major studio to support it.
When MGM and Fantasia showed only tepid interest, Burton and Sonnenfeld decided to take full advantage of the semiautonomous nature of Skeleton Crew Productions and approached Universal, the studio noted for the most famous monster movies of the classic film era. Universal was interested and a deal was signed. This partnership with Universal caused some consternation on the Disney board of directors, coming as it did at a time when a growing theme park rivalry between the two studios was playing out in Orlando. When news of a possible Dracula-themed attraction at Universal Studios Florida surfaced, some on the board wanted Burton’s head on a plate! Creative Head Jim Henson smoothed out some ruffled feathers, and the production went on. Still, though, Burton decided to play things a little more carefully in the future when major rival studios were involved.
Burton and the Crew approached the film as both a salute to the old classic films, complete with cameos by Christopher Lee and Michael Gough, but also wanted to make it a modernized retelling, making the titular vampire into a romantic, Byronic antihero rather than a soulless ghoul. They would use deliberately old-fashioned model work for the effects with some deliberate nods to Hammer Horror, but with a Burtonesque set and costume design and color desaturation that gave it all a modern, gothic feel. Cheryl Henson would lead costuming, combining traditional Victorian fashions with a sort of grungy, lived-in feel. The smog and industrial towers of London would be played against the mists and castles of Transylvania with themes of the “horrors of the modern” versus the “terrors of the medieval”. Sonnenfeld’s visual storytelling choices made deliberate comparisons between the terrified villagers of Transylvania and the struggling factory workers and frantic asylum inmates of Victorian London.
For the most part, it was played completely straight as a tragic romance and horror film. But, like Burton, Sonnenfeld gave it all a very slight comedic touch, based mostly on subtle and ironic winks to convention. Just enough over-the-top to soften the darkness.
Casting choices were made that gave the film a youthful feel. Ryder, who brought Burton the film to begin with, took the romantic female lead of Mina Murray and they brought in Johnny Depp as Johnathan Harker when River Phoenix proved uninterested in the role. Up-and-coming British character actor Helena Bonham Carter, who’d worked previously with Burton and Ryder when she voiced Ysabel in
Mort, would play Mina’s friend Lucy. British stage actor Timothy Spall was brought in as the insane insectivore Renfield. And for the critical roles of Dracula and Van Helsing, they would bring in acclaimed actors Jason Isaacs for the former and Jeremy Irons for the latter. Isaacs in particular gave the titular vampire a mix of charming, sophisticated, menacing, and alluring that perfectly captured the tragic romantic that the production team was seeking, and maintained great screen chemistry with both Carter and Ryder. By contrast, Irons made the outwardly heroic Van Helsing into an obsessive, Ahab-like character, driven by anger and revenge, giving him many of the tropes of a villain.
Filming would alternate between sound stages, London location shots, and on-site filming in Romania and Yugoslavia. The Chiodo Brothers’ model work would be slipped into these location shots in a clearly artisan manner, intended to evoke a nearly dreamlike sense. The Chiodos also provided grotesque makeup and creature effects. Finally, Danny Elfman would give the film an ethereal score, flowing and haunting in contrast to his more stereotypical staccato “bounce”[2].
But what set
Bran Stoker’s Dracula apart from the many, many prior Dracula films was the focus on Dracula as a “Romantic” in the Victorian, Byronic sense of the word. He was no longer a satanic fiend, but a troubled man, cursed by his own tragic losses. His infernal pact was in this telling not an evil path to power, but an extreme if understandable reaction to lost love. This was, in Sonnenfeld’s words, “a tragic romance that transcended space and time wrapped in the guise of a horror film.”
And between Sonnenfeld’s humanizing direction and Burton’s signature aesthetic, the film clicked with audiences, earning positive reviews and making a good $194 million against its $42 million budget[3]. Critics generally liked it and audiences, particularly teenage audiences, found a lot to love in the tragic romance between Issacs’s Dracula and Ryder’s Mina (whose English accent had noticeably improved compared to
Mort thanks to coaching). The film would cement Sonnenfeld for success, and while he’d turn down a permanent job with the Skeleton Crew, he would become a frequent collaborator, in particular on the
Addams Family sequels.
Universal, meanwhile, was ecstatic and immediately offered the Skeleton Crew the opportunity to work on another Hart treatment, this time based on Mary Shelly’s
Frankenstein, but Burton and crew reluctantly turned it down given the earlier protests of the Disney board. Instead, Sonnenfeld would go to work with Universal directly as a freelancer, and would become the film’s producer right after he finished on
Addams Family Values, ultimately hiring David Cronenberg as director.
For the Skeleton Crew itself,
Bram Stoker’s Dracula marked another big success, and one that would help balance out the underperformance of
James and the Giant Peach and the losses from the mostly-arthouse
Ed Wood. It also eased the minds of the Disney board, who were concerned about Burton’s plans for the upcoming
Jurassic Park, which was set to be Burton’s biggest and most expensive film to date.
[1] Ryder took the script to Francis Ford Coppola in our timeline, with whom she was working on
Godfather III before dropping out. Since Coppola worked with Rebecca Schaeffer in this timeline instead of Ryder, she instead takes the script to Burton. This quote is per our timeline.
[2] Visually, this will be somewhat similar to the Coppola version since Burton’s aesthetic and proclivities lend themselves to a similarly stylistic approach. Costumes will be more Burtonesque, being not far removed from our timeline’s adaption of
Sweeny Todd. Music-wise, I am personally deeply saddened to butterfly the iconic Wojciech Kilar score, which is not just a “killer” score for the Coppola film itself but one of the best film scores, and indeed best and most memorable works of Classical Music, ever in my opinion. But I’d need to stretch things pretty far to have Burton go to anyone but Elfman.
[3] Not as good as the Coppola version, which had a bit of an “event” vibe to it, but still a very solid performance on par with Sonnenfeld’s
Addams Family movies from our timeline.