"'Mon pays ce n'est pas un pays, c'est l'hiver"
I proudly present to you, the
Heart of French Canada America! Credit to
@CanadianTory for helping with the party ideas and leaders
Credit to DrRandomFactor of Wikipedia for the election base map.
Quebec, officially the
Principality of Quebec, and historically known as
Lower Canada, is one of the 11 provinces and territories of the Dominion of Canada located in the eastern region of the country, bordered to the west by the province of Ontario, to the north by the territory of Ungava, to the east by the Dominion of Newfoundland and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and to the south by the New England provinces of New Brunswick, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, and the Columbian province of Adirondack. Quebec is Canada's second-smallest administrative division by area and the second-largest by population, with an estimated 7.9 million people, and is the only province to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language.
French explorers first visited Quebec in 1534, prior to which what is now Quebec was inhabited by various Algonquian and Iroquois nations, predominantly along the St. Lawrence Valley. Jacques Cartier, a Basque explorer in the pay of the French king, landed on the Gaspé Peninsula and claimed the land as the first province of New France, however early attempts at colonisation were met with failure. The 1608 expedition of Samuel de Champlain led to the establishment of Quebec City, which solidified French claims to the inland regions of North America. Originally a simple fur trading fort, Quebec City became the centre of French colonial exploration and Catholic missionary work throughout the Great Lakes during the 17th century, and in 1627 the seigneurial system was introduced whilst settlement in New France was restricted to only Roman Catholics. Despite a brief period of English occupation from 1629 to 1632, what is now Quebec remained in French hands and prospered as the centre of their North American colonial empire, and became a Royal Province in 1663.
Aggressive actions by the authorities in New France to assert French claims in the Ohio Valley indirectly contributed to the outbreak of the Seven Years' War. In 1754, in response to the construction of French forts in land claimed by Virginia in the Ohio Country, a company of Virginian colonial militia under George Washington ambushed a group of Canadian soldiers in what became known as the Jumonville affair. The conflict, known in French-speaking America as
La guerre de la Conquête ["The War of Conquest"], saw the collapse of New France with Quebec City falling to British forces on 13 September 1759. With the exception of French Louisiana and the small islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, France ceded its North American possessions to Great Britain. The 1763 Royal Proclamation renamed the colonial province as Quebec, and extended its borders to include what are now the provinces of Quebec, Ontario and the territory of Labrador.
In 1774, in the midst of the American Colonial Unrest, the British Parliament passed a series of acts aimed at securing the loyalty of the French Canadians, the Quebec Acts provided a charter of rights for the people of Quebec. The Acts allowed the French Canadiens to maintain French civil law and sanctioned freedom of religion and the preservation of French language and culture. However, British Americans began to settle in the lands of Quebec south of the Ottawa River, and many French Canadians, dissatisfied with living under British rule, resettled in what is now Detroit State in the Ohio Country. In 1791, in response to disputes between the French-speaking and English-speaking populations of Quebec, the British partitioned Quebec into two provinces, Upper Canada, which became Ontario, and Lower Canada, which became modern Quebec. The 1791 Act also established an hereditary palatinate under the Lotbinière family, who had been supporters of the new British presence. Quebec would experience relative peace throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, with the exception of a brief uprising in 1848 during the early months of the Republican Rebellion, and in 1867 joined with Ontario to form the self-governing federal Dominion of Canada, becoming one of the country's first two provinces.
In the 21st century, Quebec's economy remains dominated by the province's substantial natural resources, although the aerospace, entertainment and biotechnology industries have grown in importance. The rise of Québécois nationalism in the late 20th century has profoundly affected Quebec, both cultural and politically. The province is home to a distinct Francophone culture blending aboriginal, French colonial and English elements, but remains divided between federalist and separatists. A 2006 symbolic motion in the federal House of Commons recognised the Québécois as a distinct nation within Canada, however support for separatism remains strong in the province.
The
2016 Quebec legislative election was held on 13 June 2016 to elect, under the instant runoff voting system, the 123 members of the National Assembly.
The incumbent centre-left majority government of the
Social Democratic Federation (Fédération Sociale Démocratique; FSD), under Chief Minister Françoise David, lost their majority in the legislature, becoming the first Quebec government to not win a second term since the 1990s. The opposition centrist
Liberals (Parti Liberal; PL), under Pierre Moreau, secured a plurality in the legislature but fell 5 seats short of a working majority. Faced with the choice between a coalition arrangement with the centre-left autonomist
Parti Québécois (PQ), under Jean-Martin Aussant, or a minority government, the PL were able to secure the later with the tacit support of the FSD. The conservative Québécois nationalist party,
Équipe Autonomiste (EA), saw a surge in support following the election of Pierre Karl Peladeau, and jumped to 9 seats in the legislature. The newly formed centre-left and regionalist
Strength in Democracy (Forces et Démocratie; FeD) movement, set up by disaffected FSD, PL and PQ supporters, secured two seats in the legislature.
After the election, Moreau and the PLs were elected to a minority government by the members of the new National Assembly.