France Fights On (English Translation) - Thread II - To the continent!

13/09/43 - Asia & Pacific, End of Operation Crocodile
September 13th, 1943

Indochina Campaign
Battle of Laos
Hanoi
- General Andou Rikichi goes to bed late. The staff meeting on the situation in Laos was stormy. Elements of the 56th Division sent to the ancient Kingdom of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol are now missing in Annam and Cochinchina.
General officers have been quarrelling, each one wanting to have more troops from the general reserve assigned to him. This one not being infinite, General Rikichi was obliged to be firm.
In fact, his subordinates agreed on only one thing: the Thais had to be on their own in Laos. But this was hardly possible. The seriousness of the situation on the Burmese front raised doubts in high places about the loyalty of the Thai troops. To leave them alone to the troops of the colonialists was to take the risk of seeing them give in to demoralization or even to treason. The Japanese general had to emphasize that regaining the initiative in Laos was politically unavoidable and that everyone should live with it.
This morning, after having slept less than five hours, Andou Rikichi returned to his office at the Metropole Hotel with a violent headache. Reports have already accumulated. One of them bears the recognizable and all too frequently used red ideograms - Sakkyuu (Urgent). The document comes from the Kempetai.
Usually, the Kempetai is the first to downplay local resistance movements. The Binh Xuyen, the Vietminh and the Hoa-Hao are unable to work together. They spend their time raiding villages rallied to the other factions to steal food and brutalize the inhabitants. It is true that there is a coordinating body for the Vietnamese resistance, the National United Front, which the Japanese know about thanks to their informers. But the unity that had prevailed until the battle of Dien Bien Phu was fading away as old differences were reawakened. Besides, how can you even get members of a Triad like the Bin Ladder in the same room together?
Triad like the Binh Xuyen, made up of pirates and kidnappers, religious fanatics like the Hoa-Hao and communists like the Vietminh?
However, this time, the Kempetai reports the arrival of Frenchmen in Nguyen Binh's entourage and seemed to be worried. The general frowns. He was not used to having his
intelligence services to send him such vague and imprecise messages. The writers of the report do not cite any specific facts, only a series of "signs". Decrease in raids between rebel groups, fewer attacks on Japanese targets. Generally speaking, these kinds of precursors precede a major operation.
Taking off his round iron-rimmed glasses, Andou Rikichi wipes them carefully, more to give himself time to think rather than out of any real need. Finally, he picks up his pen and simply replies, "Find out more. As it is, this information is useless and there are not enough troops available to launch a preventive attack.
General Andou has just opened another file when there is a polite knock on the door.
It is his orderly, who introduces a signals officer carrying dispatches.
- Your Excellency, the enemy has launched an important attack in the Ba-Be district. We have lost Cho-Ra and the district chief reports repeated attacks.
- Ba-Be, is that in Tonkin?
- Yes, Your Excellency, Bac-Kan province.
- Again?

Andou Rikichi stands up to face the large wall map of Indochina. He doesn't have to have to look for long. A large red-tipped pin still marks the attack launched five days earlier.
- They must be trying to cut the road to Cao-Bang through Thai-Nguyên and Ngan-Son.
Massaging the back of his neck, the Japanese general glances wearily at the chair so long occupied by his predecessor. Everyone laughed at Tyo because he was not able to defeat "a few peasants corrupted by a band of colonialists and armed with old rifles". During his career, Andou had already had to face the threat of the partisans. After all, it was his experience in pacifying the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi, as head of the 21st Army, that earned him an appointment to Indochina. But the forces he commands today are too weak to cover the country properly.

Around Bac-Kan - At night, the Lysanders of the "Louvre" harass the Japanese forces.
They take advantage of the absence of night fighters in the opposite camp to set fire to a small fuel depot in Cao-Bang.
During the day, fighters of the Epervier base make some strafing passes on the Japanese positions. A P-40 is shot down by flak (the pilot manages to jump into the sector held by the bo-dois). Two Mustangs are damaged after a clash with Ki-44 in the late afternoon.

Pacific Campaign
Operation Crocodile
Truk Lagoon, Carolines, 01:40
- On board the Krait, anxiety and impatience grow: Conte and Marcolini should be back, and the most pessimistic schedules have been exceeded for more than an hour. The night is now well advanced and the Krait must take the way of return without delay if it wants to leave the lagoon before the dawn. After having concerted with De la Penne, Captain Lyon decideds to wait a little longer, but to leave at 02:30 at the latest.
02:20 - The SLC of Conte and Marcolini finally arrives. The commandos of the special unit Z help the two Italian swimmers to get back on board. Conte, completely exhausted, is unable to say a word.
Marcolini's condition is worse, he is barely conscious. After hoisting the SLC on board, the MV Krait sets sail at 02:45, heading northwest.
03:20 - The daybreak is approaching, but also the alert that will not fail to provoke the detonation of the two charges under the Japanese ships. Because of the delay in the schedule, Lyon estimates that he has no chance of getting out of the lagoon and escaping before being spotted. He decides to stay in the lagoon for the day, hiding on the island closest to the exit. Everyone will try to escape by canoe the following night. Before heading to Falas Island, the men sabotage and ballast the two SLCs and throw them overboard in the middle of the lagoon.
04:25 - The MV Krait approaches Falas. The commandos unload all the necessary equipment in a cove and organize a meticulous guard. Only Page and Jones remain on the Krait, and scuttle it before joining their companions in a canoe at first light.
Meanwhile, if Marcolini is still in a semi-coma, Conte has regained enough strength to tell to his companions the continuation and the end of his mission: "After having left Luigi and Emilio, we headed for our target, which we had identified as a large battleship. Almost immediately, we spotted a small patrol boat, nearby, which was obviously watching the anchorage of the big beasts; we dived and continued our route with the compass, at a depth of 3-4 meters. But we soon came up against a net, in which we became entangled; the front of the maiale, sank into it until I reached my cockpit. With Evelino, we fought for more than thirty minutes to free the torpedo. Then, we had to dive under the net before we finally got under the hull of our target. We then had another problem when we detaching the explosive head from the SLC and trying to attach it to the hull of the Japanese battleship: the fastening system failed and the warhead started to sink! Evelino rushed to recover it before it disappeared, but in the panic, the mayale escaped us in its turn, I managed to get my hands on it.
Finally, we recovered the explosive head and regained control of the maiale, but we had to dive deep, more than 15 meters I think, especially Evelino, and we were exhausted.
I was able to cobble together a makeshift system to hold the warhead in place under the battleship and we set the timer to 05:00 as planned.
We made our way back under the net. Once back in the semi-diving, I noticed that Evelino had fainted. Fortunately, he had remained attached to the maiale but I was very afraid for him. I got rid of his oxygen mask and felt that he was regaining consciousness, but I preferred to tie him to the mayor's chair to make sure I wouldn't lose him. I then headed northeast, but I realized that this route was wrong when I discovered that we were very close to the shore of an island where lights that betrayed human settlements. The rain had stopped and I tried to make out the stars in a hole of clouds to orient myself and check the course given by the compass, but in vain... I continued on a trial and error basis, with many changes of course which made me lose time again. Finally, we passed what must have been Moen Island, I headed for Falo and luckily found the cove without too much trouble..
."
05:10 - No signs of an explosion or warning were perceived by the Italian-Australian commando, although the two explosive heads should have been detonated several minutes ago... The disappointment is general.
05:29 - The battleship Mutsu is one of the most powerful ships in the Japanese battle line, yielding only to the Yamato and Musashi. For the moment, she is anchored at buoy number 2 in the area reserved for the 2nd battleship division (of which it is the only survivor after the loss of the Nagato), about 2 nautical miles southeast of Moen Island. Not far from him, other imposing ships Musashi on one side, the Yamashiro and Hyuga on the other (the Yamato is expected in about ten days).
Suddenly, a huge explosion shakes the Mutsu at the level of the turret n° 3 and breaks the powerful ship in two (some of the surviving sailors said they felt two successive explosions, the first and less violent one followed by another one, huge, a moment later). In a few minutes, the front part (with most of the superstructure) capsizes and sinks, while the stern stays afloat. The giant has just been shot down by a small team of Lilliputians from the other side of the world!
On Falas, the long-awaited explosion and its power triggers exclamations of joy. Lieutenant Page, alone, will report having distinguished two very close but distinct explosions. The congratulations comes from all sides. To the congratulations of Lyon, Durand de la Penne replies that he is happy to have been able to do as well against the Japanese as he had done in Alexandria. "Oh, don't worry, they were only English ships, after all!" replies the Australian Davidson, to the laughter of his teammates. Everyone knows that it was thanks to Durand de la Penne that there was not a single English death that night.
05:35 - The Yamashiro is the fastest to send launches to rescue the sailors of the Mutsu.
05:40 - The general alert is triggered on Truk. While rescue efforts are being organized, aircraft and patrol boats are ordered to search the lagoon and the surrounding area for a possible submarine or any other sign of the enemy.
06:05 - In the early morning light, the rescue team deploys around the stern of the Mutsu, still afloat, led by two destroyers and by the launches of the ships anchored in the same area. The first planes take off to sweep the area.
06:35 - The stern of the Mutsu sinks in turn.
09:15 - Camouflaged on Falas, the men of the Italian-Australian commando are overflown by a first seaplane. Many others will follow, because the lagoon seems to be in a frenzy of activity.
During the whole day, the passage of planes and ships succeed one another, putting the nerves of the members of the unit to the test. Distant noises of detonation calm them down a little: apparently, the Japanese are chasing ghosts.
14:20 - The threat is getting closer! A Japanese patrol boat circles Falas, its crew scans the shoreline with binoculars, but the commando is well hidden and the small boat moves away without incident.
19:30 - In the administrative buildings on Moen Island, senior officers of the Combined Fleet take initial stock of the loss of the Mutsu. Nearly 300 survivors have been fished out but more than a thousand men are still missing. The possibility of an enemy attack is still being investigated, but is not considered the most likely: indeed, intensive searches did not uncover any submarines or enemy ships in the lagoon, and the Japanese doubt that an explosion of such violence could have been caused by a torpedo or a mine. The possibility of an accident, for example linked to a fire followed by a deflagration of the ammunition bunker in turret n°3, is now the preferred explanation.
20:00 - The men of Special Unit Z leave Falas by canoe. Three of the four Italian swimmers have regained some strength and are assisting the paddlers, but Marcolini is in a semi-coma. Fortunately, the long training of the Australian sailors pays off, and the lack of current makes their progress easier. Far to the southeast, lights on the islands of Moen and Dublon are evidence of unusual activity.
20:20 - The first canoes spot numerous moving lights, far to port; regular detonations can be heard: certainly ships which criss-cross the lagoon, always looking for intruders, and depth charging at random. The Japanese activity does not seem to have diminished. The Australian commandos redouble their vigilance... and paddle harder!
21:15 - Suddenly, a small patrol boat appears as if by magic, at a short distance. It sails all lights off, a black spot in the dark night, at low speed, therefore without noise. With such discretion, it would certainly have surprised the Volframio or even the Krait! But the canoes are even more invisible than him and the Japanese continues his way without spotting them...
22:00 - The four canoes enter the pass that should allow them to leave the lagoon.
Everything is calm. Without knowing it, the light boats pass easily over new mines that have been laid during the day!
22:25 - Once outside the lagoon, the men of Special Unit Z begin to use their flashlights to emit signals.
22:45 - The Australian canoes are approached by two Gamma swimmers, who were patrolling the exit of the pass waiting for them, as they had done the day before. Without losing time, the Gamma launches new coded light signals.
23:00 - The Volframio surfaces. The members of the commando go on board quickly, but unfortunately we have to carry the poor Marcolini.
23:15 - The Volframio dives and heads south without waiting.
 
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13/09/43 - Eastern Front
September 13th, 1943

Operation Suvorov
Stubborn bison
Belarus
- The sky in the north of the Republic is overcast again. Although it is not raining, clouds greatly reduce the effectiveness of the air force, while the intensity of the fighting in this area is rapidly decreasing. This is convenient for the men of the 1st Belarusian Front - a little less, however, General Nikolai Naumenko, because it is already obvious that his 2nd Air Force will soon have to go and support the fighting for Jlobin. Without being able to give as much as a month earlier, of course.
.........
Sianno region ("Suvorov-North") - The 63rd Army definitively stabilizes its positions on the Beshenkovichi - Ulyanovichi - Ogon' axis, relying on the Svyatoye lake and on the wooded eminences of the region. Vasily Kuznetsov has made his grief to seize the shores of the three lakes on the road to Lepiel, which would have made his defense much easier. But not content to suffer this (relative) disappointment, he also has to move back his left flank to re-establish the junction with the 3rd Guards of Zakharkin, a few kilometers west of the road junction of Zamosh'ye. Thus, the Kasieničy Forest now forms a small German salient, right in the middle of the 1st Belorussian Front lines. And it will surely take time to resorb before we can hope to break through the Baryssaw gate. But in view of the catastrophe suffered the day before, it already looks good!
.........
Talachyn region ("Suvorov-North") - After the near defeat of the Zakharkin and Chistiakov's formations, the Red Army stops in this sector, on a new front line from Zamosh'ye to Voskresenskaya, passing through Serkovitsa, then following the Drut River to the area under the control of the 2nd Belorussian Front. General Eremenko gives up asking the 3rd Guards Army to take back the ground lost during the Nazi offensive - officially, it is not worth it. But in fact, it is especially the state of his troops (which had become frankly worrying) that justifies this caution.
Moreover, Eremenko is somewhat afraid of provoking the fascist wolf - there would be no 18th Armored Corps to slow down the panzers in case of a new breakthrough. Indeed, Alexei Burdeyny's formation has just been withdrawn from the front, on direct order of the Stavka. This twice in less than a month... However, his leader is not at all to blame: he simply did as best he could in impossible circumstances, in Orsha as well as in the north of Talatchyn, against well-supported forces and sometimes even at almost numerical parity! Comrade Major-General Burdeyny has nothing to fear - he will soon be awarded the Order of the Red Banner (for the second time) as well as the Order of Suvorov 2nd class. Very nice decorations, which unfortunately will always weigh less than the steel destroyed since last August 20th...
.........
Bialyničy region ("Suvorov-Center") - Day of lull, for the 15th Army - which has nevertheless advanced 120 kilometers since the beginning of the offensive, in conditions and on a disastrous terrain, without benefiting (or almost) of any real support from its Front, except for the 22nd Armored Corps - which is being withdrawn to send it south! Due to lack of means, Fedyuninsky's troops did not do much except enlarge his salient - for lack of will and means, the Wehrmacht does not try to push them back, contenting itself with slowing down and tiring the exhausted Soviet forces facing it.
The positions of the 15th Army now form a rough quadrilateral of 9 by 14 kilometers, starting from the village of Teterin - in the north, facing the 134. ID - to reach then Hlybokaye at the edge of the woods where the 197. ID and the 244. StuG Abt, before extending southward to Stehovo, where the 106. ID (VII. AK, 4. Armee) is holding the German lines. It is doubtful that Ivan Fedyuninsky will make much progress, unless he receives additional means that he would probably take a long time to exploit and which in any case his tutelage does not have... The situation is therefore not very far from being frozen, here too.
.........
Kirawsk region ("Suvorov-Center") - For the 29th Army, everything still seems to be going well - even if General Managrov, aware of the adventurous situation of his forces, has to pretend not to worry about it. The latter have just entered Kirawsk, without being able for the moment to approach Klitchaw - due to lack of manpower. The XLIII. AK curiously does not hold the first city, which is a strategic crossroads to the north (Berazino) and to the south (Babruysk and Jlobin). Does this mean that the fascist enemy is in rout and fears to be overrun, surrounded and then annihilated here? Possibly - but the weather has reduced the number of reconnaissance flights, and when there are no clouds, the German fighters are on guard - all this does not help to see more clearly... And in any case, Managrov has the order to push without waiting.
So he pushes, without having spotted the 19. Panzer (Schmidt), now in ambush under the cover of the trees in the vicinity of Kostrichi. And not even the 20. Panzer of von Lüttwitz, which has however joined the lines of the 131. ID (Meyer-Bürdoff) and 7. ID (von Rappard) between Stolb and Barsuki, and positions itself at the extreme right of the German position. On its heels, one finds also the 17. ID (von Zangen), taken from the banks of the Dnieper and intended to occupy the ground cleared by the armor. The trap is in place, the beast is ready to pounce ... And in his headquarters, Erwin Rommel prepares himself to go to Barsuki to follow the action - and take direct command if necessary!
.........
Jlobin area ("Suvorov-South") - Above the new target of the Red Army, the sky is not as overcast as in the north. Despite all the concerns of his subordinates, Ivan Konev must however act quickly to organize a coordinated assault between the 29th Army and the 2nd Guards - direct order from the Stavka, transmitted without qualms by Zhukov.
Taking advantage of the fact that the Germans are looking towards Kirawsk, the 2nd Guards Army crosses the Dnieper in the morning, under the cover of a few clouds, and capture Rahatchow in a few hours. This very old city built on a peninsula between the Dnieper and the Drut is not defended. The few elements of observation that are present soon withdraw. Faced with this maneuver, Hermann Hoth is perplexed - it is easy to understand why. What do the Reds have to do with this insignificant little town, located on the wrong side of the Drut and at the end of an area controlled much further north by their forces?
Of course, the 1. PanzerArmee is quick to pass on this information to Minsk, where the Balkan Fox receives the news with curiosity - but also with reservation. He does not believe that Moscow is so desperate as to seize any city on the map, just for the sake of trumpeting it on the airwaves. No - the Slavs have something in mind. Something that probably has to do with the force they are about to trap which is only 45 kilometers away from Rahatchow as the crow flies. All the more reason to do it quickly, as long as the Russians still have the Drut to pass ! It is thus necessary that all is regulated before the next communist movement, so that the forces sent from Jlobin to Kirawsk can calmly return to their positions to block the invader.
Especially since, in the meantime, the tumor in the south of Strešyn keeps growing, even threatening to become malignant. The Soviet forces there - from Purkayev's 3rd Shock Army - finally feels strong enough to advance, not to the north, but to the west, Pirevichi and eventually the railroad to Svetlahorsk. Due to the lack of manpower in the XII. AK (which must now hold 35 kilometers of line with one and a half divisions), the 18. Panzer is forced to engage in the afternoon in non decisive actions carried out with the support of the Luftwaffe but which still cost time and the encounters with the very few red armored vehicles present in the sector are always bad surprises and it is of course out of the question to send Major von Kageneck's Tigers in this swamp...
Thus, while the Soviets are once again trying to get beaten, the German forces are paradoxically once again getting stuck, but all alone this time, in a Gomel-like configuration, where they have to face on two fronts with insufficient means to defend them at the same time. This may not last - but in the meantime, and without knowing anything about the reality of what is going on, Ivan Konev orders an offensive on Strešyn as early as next night. The 3rd Shock must clear as soon as possible an area that would allow the tanks of the 21st and 10th Armored Corps to cross, even if it meant paying a high price for this.
.........
"My instinct - or rather my experience - was not wrong. It smells bad, very bad, even. As soon as the regiment was settled in front of Jlobine, it received the order to go down along the Dnieper, about 15 kilometers away, to a village called Skepnya. There we find very quickly a part of another armored corps, apparently installed in the area for some time and which plays hide-and-seek with the fascist tubes positioned on the other bank. Except that obviously, here, it is a deadly game.
We speak with difficulty with our colleagues, a disillusioned mixture of esprit de corps and pride resulting from the past fights in front of Kiev in which they would have taken part, against - they say - the elite of the fascist army. No doubt, no doubt... But very sincerely, considering the fights we have been through since I arrived on the front, this story is a great help to me and my crew! We take our marks, while making however sure that we are not given the most exposed positions "by chance".
Opposite, on the west bank, little visible action - and yet, there are people, since we are shooting ! And the fact that a crossing is announced "soon" does not make me happy. Every time, they will make us pass in front of them. In the meantime, we spend the day in the middle of the thickets, well sheltered and changing position after each shot - with a certain target - that Andrei makes. Our platoon neighbor is surprised to see us doing this - he hasn't had a chance to speak with corporal Kalugina! But the vision of one of our tanks exploding under a counter-battery fire with 152 mm*, for lack of wanting to move after its third shot, will finish to convince him of the interest of our method.
The night falls on the embers... Thinking back today, I was not worried when I ate my dinner with my three companions in a ditch, not far from Pobieda! I didn't see how the situation could have changed, nor how the leaders could have gotten us through. Obviously, I was wrong." (Evgeni Bessonov, op. cit.)

Operations Kutusov and Rumyantsev
Ukraine
- Under a beautiful late summer sky, the Red Army starts the assault towards the west in order to liberate the portion of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic still under the fascist boot. Like the day before, Zhukov is not on the front line - he would be in Moscow, bedridden by a bad flu due to the previous day's annoyances as well as to the multiple tests that his body (though robust!) have gone through. And on the front, the furious fights delivered still give contrasting results.
.........
Kutousov - Recurrence?
Ovroutch to Mozyr sectors
- Nothing particular to report in this area for the day, except for some artillery exchanges and other untimely encounters between patrols.
.........
Olevsk sector - The Red Army still maintains pressure on the German lines, preventing the III. PanzerKorps from going back to its original formation, where it is however ardently expected...
Even if the combined (or rather neighboring...) forces of the 3rd Ukrainian Front and the 3rd Belorussian do not progress much more than the day before, those of the second are now reinforced by the 50th Army (K.D. Golubev) and the 19th Armored Corps (I.D. Vasilev), which have finally arrived by the road to Korosten. The Red Army is still pounding the door of Olevsk. In a confrontation of extreme violence, the Soviet waves crush the German lines, hammered by a deluge of artillery and by the assaults of the 3rd and 8th Air Armies. The Russians finally take Radovel' - they are free to advance towards the woods to the north, in the direction of Sushchany. But in the south, Zubkovychi is still inaccessible and the road to the west remains hopelessly closed...
In the evening, Walther Model takes stock with a nervousness tinged with satisfaction: his forces have well done to withdraw from Korosten! Although itself badly shaken, the 3. PanzerArmee inflicts to the enemy - with the support of Kempf's III. PanzerKorps - considerable losses.
The Reds show signs of fatigue, if not exhaustion. They will not be able to keep this pace indefinitely... It will then be time to give back his panzers to Walter Weiß. Unfortunately for Model, he is not the only one to decide.
Moreover, he is unaware that much further east, in Korosten, Nikolai Vatutin and Rodion Malinovsky proudly take stock of their respective shortcomings, and end up agreeing on their respective shortcomings before moving on... Each one of them believes that it will be necessary to prevent the other one from doing stupid things.
.........
Yemiltchyne sector - Once again, the Red Army tries to take the city - this time with a pincer attack: the 4th Shock Army strikes from the north towards Pidluby (like on the previous day) and the 37th Army from the south towards Seredy. Between them, the 11th Armored Corps tries, within its anemic means, to provoke a favourable situation...
On the other side, the 6. Armee, with the help of a new KampfGruppe composed of the 4. Luftwaffen-Feld-Division (Hans-Georg Schreder) and the 210. StuG Abt Tigerkopf (Major Herbert Sichelschmidt), quietly cedes some ground, concentrates its forces and pushes back its opponents one after the other. While the Luftwaffe men, the StuG and the XLIV. AK are gaining time, the XLVII. PanzerKorps (Heinrich Eberbach), sets off again towards the south, against the 37th Army - with a bad mood proportional to the fatigue of his men. Vasily Chuikov, in spite of all his good will, must retreat around Kam'yanohirka, allowing the panzers to turn east and then north and to the flank of the 11th AB. This one is cleanly demolished - but its sacrifice (at least as much as the alerts and the bombardments of the VVS) allows Ivan Maslennikov to avoid the encirclement of his 4th Shock. Heinrich Eberbach repulses (once again) two Soviet armies and destroys an armored corps - and yet, his task does not end. In the evening, a comparison comes to the Baden man's mind, as he walks through the fire-strewn battlefield: the myth of Sisyphus...
.........
Novohrad-Volynskyi sector - After so much effort and suffering for so little gain, Erich Brandenberger and Ivan Chernyakovsky believe - each on his own side but with a remarkable symmetry of thought - that the lack of attention paid to their sector by the higher-ups and the state of exhaustion of their forces justifies... to take a breather.
In the ruins of Novohrad-Volynskyi, and in general east of the Sluch, the intensity of the fighting decreases a little - according to the standards of the Ostfront, however, that is to say that artillery duels, hand-to-hand combat and offensive patrols continue. Moreover, everyone, Landsers and Frontoviks alike, knows that this pseudo-calm is not telling the truth. This is only a postponement... The good communist always prepares something!

Rumyantsev - Back in the game
Zhitomir sector
- Still stuck on the road to Rudnya-Poshta, the 1st Shock Army continues to push back the Heer forces with difficulty in the southwest direction. From its positions, a new effort allows Andrei Vlassov to seize Korchak and to threaten Denyshi, a little further west along the Teteriv ...
On his right, the 1st Cavalry Corps of Dovator has given up trying to slip between the retreating German defenses and is now looking for a gap between the 6. Armee and the 8. Armee. The problem is that, if it does exist - there are still 45 kilometers between the 223. ID and the Sluch, and only one division (the 331. ID) to hold them! - it is not for all that that it is immediately exploitable and even less decisive... And the Soviet cavalry is reduced to consider a vague overflow in the vicinity of Huta-Yustynivka - which could precipitate the withdrawal of the Heer towards the Sheika, but in no way destabilize its positions.
.........
Berdichev sector - The great carnage that began at Zitadelle continues. North of the Velyki Korovyntsi gap, the 4th Guards Army faces a 125. ID (Wilhelm Schneckenburger) who recovered well after the initial shock. It counter-attacks towards P'yatka with the support of the 205. ID (Ernst Michael), in charge of preventing any flanking attack of the LIX. ArmeeKorps from the south. The village changes hands several times, but the Heer keeps control of the rhythm of the battle.
With this support on its left, the rest of the XXVII. ArmeeKorps (Karl Burdach) is organized to defend Velyki Korovyntsi and its surroundings against the charges of the 1st Armored Corps. On the other side, Porfiry Chanchibadze and his men fight heroically. The T-34s charge under artillery fire and rockets streaking the sky to try to force the defenses... However, the tankers lack infantry. And even if the 159th Tank Brigade (Colonel Anton Grinko) manages to enter the small town, its vehicles have to retreat in front of the Landsers who master very well the art of ambush and forbid any ascent along the railroad... The opponents kill each other with no clear result.
On the road to Staryi Lyubar, the 5th Guards Army and its supporting formations still do not advance an inch against the Totenkopf and Hohenstaufen - still assured on their rear and supported by the JG. 52. In the air, Hauptmann Gerhard Barkhorn - GruppenKommandeur of the II/JG. 52 - shoots down three Yak 1's one after the other (including that of Podpolkovnik Lev Shestakov, Hero of the Soviet Union**); he thus increases from 162 to 165 victories. Not too far away, a young Leutnant is eating his heart out. His name is Erich Alfred Hartmann and he already has 88 victories, almost all of them obtained during this terrible summer of 1943 (which is not quite over...)! Today he returns empty-handed - but he knows that tomorrow there will be no lack of targets.
In Ulaniv, the Frundsberg continues to retreat towards Sal'nytsya, leaving the 4th AC to move towards the north... But it does not go far: between Bezpechna and Radisne, Andrei Kravchenko's men come up against the Panzergrenadier-Division Grossdeutschland (Walter Hörnlein), which has four battalions of tanks, and throws itself on the attacker. Of course, it is spotted by the VVS - but it is one thing to see the enemy approaching, it's another to be able to do something about it. The "GD" pushes the Soviets back to their starting line, then falls on the flank of the 9th Guards Army!
Seriously threatened, the latter must release its pressure on the SS and withdraw to Morozivka, barely preventing - at the cost of a bold initiative - a possible disaster. The Heer remains in control of the terrain - Rumyantsev seemed to have already been stopped. It is true that the Grossdeutschland suffered losses, but that is not visible... yet.
.........
Khmilnyk sector - Here, the same causes mechanically calling for the same effects as the day before, the situation of the Wehrmacht worsens little by little. The IX. AK fights between Skarzhyntsi and Sulkivka to gain the time that will allow the reinforcements coming from the north-east to fall - on the flanks of the 3rd Army and (especially!) the 5th Armored Corps. The latter spends the day trying to force the road to Staryi Lyubar - and it succeeds! In the evening, the T-34s reach the road to Berezivka and advance 8 kilometers northward, despite the efforts of the 504. s.Pz Abt. Indeed - and notwithstanding the worshippers of the Deutsche Qualität - 12 Tiger and 12 Panzer IV, it is not enough to hold 12 kilometers of front. The crews of Hauptmann Kühn, overwhelmed, have to retreat to prevent their opponents from placing a shell in the famous "clover leaf" where even the armor of the fierce Tiger is vulnerable...and the infantry must accompany them to avoid being surrounded.
The German backflow accelerated: 5 kilometers the day before, 9 kilometers today. A dangerous increase, that Walter Weiß is hardly able to stop! He can only hope that tomorrow, the Grossdeutschland will be able to abandon the fire it has just extinguished to come and smother this one... In the meantime, he sends to Khmilnyk his last reserve, the 311. StuG Abt (Hauptmann Karl-Ludwig von Schönau). The latter is in Chudniv, where the main effort of the Reds is expected. It takes him all night to reach the sector.
.........
2nd Ukrainian Front sector - Ivan Bagramyan's attempts to support Rumyantsev continue, without much more success than before, but with a notable difference. Back from his escapade in Moscow, Filipp Golikov launches his 10th Army to attack the enemy positions around Plebanivka, with an indifference to the losses that shock even in the ranks of the Red Army. No doubt Golikov considers that to strike at the junction of a German and a Hungarian formation is already a form of maneuver... Maybe he also thinks that to make the Vojd hear about the announcement of a brilliant success constitutes its best life insurance...
However, while the other Communist forces advance with economy and reserve, the charge of the 10th Army covers 8 kilometers to the village of Perepil'chyntsi and now seems to threaten the road to Jmerynka, thus the rear of the IV. ArmeeKorps. It attracts the attention of Hans-Jürgen von Arnim, who asks the 23. Panzer to solve the problem. This should not be too difficult: these Reds are so uncoordinated, so clumsy. In the meantime, Golikov, disregarding the warnings of his staff, goes to announce that he will encircle the 2. PanzerArmee by himself, as others did last year...

HQ of HG Nord-Ukraine (Kovel), 20:30 - In the light of the pale lamps illuminating the maps, Erich von Manstein has a rather sour telephone conversation with his subordinate Walter Weiß (8. Armee). It is about (among other things) an armored corps borrowed from Weiß and moved much further north - it is missing! Between the two Prussians, there is no need to raise the tone to be unpleasant... To state the facts in the rhythm once set by Frederick the Great is enough to give an idea of the atmosphere. And of course, the situation around Khmilnyk is what we are talking about.
- Weiß, your reserves are too committed to redeploy them to other sectors of the front - so be it. But I cannot systematically replace them with fresh troops.
- I know that - that's why it's a real shame that I don't have the possibility to use my own units, Herr General. By the way, where are they exactly? When will I see them again?
- They are there, or they will prevent a break in the front. And they will return when the situation is stabilized, which will be soon.
- Hopefully, by then, my own situation will not have deteriorated too much...
- It's up to you to do what you need to do.
- No doubt - but I would like to remind you that I am inheriting a difficult situation that is not of my making.

But probably because of previous fights, during an operation that a certain Manstein has largely contributed to conceive... With annoyance, the interested party changes the subject: "What exactly do you propose?
- We have to move the II. SS-PzK to the west to defend Staryi Lyubar before it is too late - so we can build a new defense line on the Stara Synyavka - Chudniv axis and annihilate the Slavs with reconcentrated troops.
- Does this imply a withdrawal?
- Certainly. About 26 kilometers, Herr General. This will allow us to eliminate a salient with nothing useful in it, to support ourselves partly on the Sluch and to start again on a good basis for the next offensive.

Ouch... Even if it did not necessarily produce the worst performance of the Ostfront this year, the HG Nordukraine has already fallen back a lot lately. It is under the eye of the Führer, who demands daily and excessively detailed reports on the position of the units involved - the staff of von Manstein spends almost more time writing them than actually working not to mention the fact that the slightest redeployment of troops had to be negotiated with Keitel and the slightest redeployment...
In short, if Manstein understands Weiß' suggestion, it is - in practice - inapplicable except to pack his bags immediately and to give up his place. Not that Manstein is really worried about his career... - but he still remembers his difficulties in getting Hitler to evacuate Korosten. To present such a request to him again, and so soon, is to provoke an anger that is all the more violent. No... We must gain time - for example, until that pedantic Rommel did something stupid up there, in Belarus, when his Büffel apparently just finished. Or until the Romanians lose another one of their cities... Besides, who says that the Russians will persist? The fighting already seems to be calmed down in front of Olevsk!
- For the time being, there is no question of withdrawal. Just as there is no question of recalling the III. PzK - on the other hand, I can assure you of that. In the meantime, you withdraw the Grossdeutschland from the front, and you stretch the II. SS-PzK to allow for counterattacking the enemy from the flank. The SS hold the road to Staryi Lyubar with two divisions, right? For the rest, maneuver your StuG Abteilungen and bring up the security battalions - I will ask that we let our Cossacks and the SS Florian Geyer division. Let them do some real work, that will change! I also send you the 232. StuG Abt and I order the Luftwaffe to support you exclusively for the next few days.
One battalion of assault guns, a few planes, three SS cavalrymen... and be on your way.
By the way, Hauptmann Paul Franke's tanks are towards Hochtcha, between Rovne and Novohrad-Volynskyi, and depend in theory on the OKH... so much to say that they will not be there any time soon. But we will have to make do with it, while waiting for better days. And as Walter Weiß hangs up the phone, Erich von Manstein is already wondering how he was going to get the III. PzK to the south. Hopefully, things will not get out of hand on the backside, of course, that would be the bouquet!

Headquarters of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Rovne) - Hans-Adolf Prützmann lights a cigarette with great, great annoyance as the door to his office closes hastily. Obviously, he is not the only one who does not doubt anything! But for whom does this obscure turd Andriy Melnyk think he is, who dared to come into his office to pretend to negotiate a "proclamation of independence of Ukraine" on the territories occupied by the Reich? The Reich does not have to bargain with these Slavs - they obey or they disappear, that's all! In fact, they will have to obey, and then they will disappear.
In short, Melnyk had not had a good idea. And Prützmann made this clear to the UNO delegation, and then had them removed manu militari from the Reichskommissariat. We don't need them today - we never needed them, in fact. They should already be glad that he didn't have them shot on the spot.
I mean, if those... pathetic henchmen who are just good at chasing terrorists and killing Jews imagined that the Reich had any obligation towards them, the misunderstanding is cleared up. Tomorrow the UNO will obey or be liquidated!

* The shooters were probably 150 mm self-propelled guns, as the Germans did not have 152s...but the difference is hardly noticeable on arrival.
** At this date, he had 11 victories, including 3 in Spain. He escaped the crash of his plane!
 
13/09/43 - Mediterranean
September 13th, 1943

Italian Campaign
Italian Front
- In the Marches plain, the 1st Canadian Division begins to withdraw. It is to be replaced by the British 6th ID. The distance from the front lines of this division, which has its own armoured brigade, results in the redeployment of the 3rd and 4th Armoured Brigades.

Greek Campaign
Operation Presage
The ascent of the Spahis
Around Ersekë
- The 4th Spahis Regiment continues its ascent northwards, harassing the stragglers of the 162. ID. Mollas is reached in the evening and Korçë is no more than than twenty kilometers away. As far as they are concerned, Oskar von Niedermayer and his men are already on the outskirts of Pogradec.

The ride of the Poles... and the Czechs
Southern Albania
- The 1st Czechoslovak Division happily moves out of the mountainous regions and seizes the villages around Selenice and Armen. The area is very favorable for traps and other vicious defenses - but the Czechs have no organized units in front of them, nor any willingness to fight.
.........
A few hills away, the Polish tanks finally come out of the narrow valleys that they have been subjected to for five days. The SAV-42 can now clearly see the castle of Berat, a thirteenth-century fortress that marks a site occupied by various armies for nearly 2,200 years. On the other hand, if the sun greets, there too, a radiant day, the advanced elements report several well-prepared ambushes, with infantry and tank hunters, which inflicted significant losses on them.
It was better to be cautious. Given the dispersion of his forces and the presence of the 100. Jäger, which was quickly detected by air reconnaissance, Maczek decides not to attack until the next day.
.........
"So far so good," Willibald Utz reflects in his command post in a house in Ura Vajgurore, not far from Kuçovë. The Allies stopped at the exit of the valley - intimidated by ambushes organized by a few StuG IVs and some infantry, cleverly distributed between the villages of Mangalem and Gorica. A real bottleneck, unfortunately easy to bypass from the heights of the castle. His Jägers will hang on... a little.
We might as well do what Irkens did in Korinos: the elastic defense is the only true thing. The general knows this from his days in the 13th Bavarian Infantry Regiment Franz Josef I. But it would be good if the order to withdraw comes from Tirana soon enough.

Tirana - Precisely, and for the first time in a long time, Hellmuth Felmy is a happy man. He has before his eyes the order that arrived this morning, signed by Alexander Löhr himself: "Do not take any risks that could put your units in danger of encirclement or to make them suffer heavy losses. Establish a new defense line north of Tirana, after carefully destroying the port facilities of Durrës and the infrastructure of Tirana that might be useful to the enemy." Just goes to show, you can get anything with good arguments. All the same, his leader is quick.
The commander of LXVIII. AK plans to be quick as well - his preparations have been completed the day before, in a city under martial law enforced by force. Tirana's railway installations, its marshalling yard, the bridges over the Tiranë and Lanë rivers... everything will blown up tonight. As for Durrës, several detachments of Walther Schimana have already arrived there. The port is rather modest - it should soon disappear in the waters of the Adriatic.
In the meantime, Felmy prepares his boxes with an obvious good mood, after having ordered the 100. Jaeger to hold out until the next evening. Twenty-four hours should be possible, right?
.........
Durrës - SS-Gruppenführer Schimana is a little more worried than his leader. His men are indeed mining - and having mined - cranes and tanks. But this work is not lost on the local population, who are rightfully concerned about the loss of their main economic development tool.
At the end of the afternoon, an improvised attack by the Legaliteli Partisans attempts to punch through the SS, who react with their usual delicacy, supported by Major Domeyer's StuGs, and strafe the streets and facades. The incident is reported to Felmy, who does not care, as he is busy controlling Tirana for a few more hours.

South Macedonia - During the night, Hans Kreysing's 3. Gebirgs-Division moves out of its positions around Vigastisko, to settle very temporarily about ten kilometers to the north, in the town of Kastoria, located on the shores of the lake of the same name, was temporarily established ten kilometers to the north.
This magnificent region will know thereafter a certain tourist development, but the Gebirgs hardly have time to enjoy the bathing. Another precipitous withdrawal...
Kosmas' Greek 1st Corps observes these movements and follows the Germans without harassing them.
After all, we are almost at the border. A general enthusiasm is perceptible in the ranks, to the great dismay of the few Serbs present. At this rate, Yugoslavia will be liberated by the Greeks!
.........
Further east, towards Levea, the 4. Gebirgs-Division of Braun waits for its turn to pack up.
Time for the 1. Gebirgs-Division to leave, before the turn of the defenders of Apsalos. Lanz's men are a little reluctant to move to Ohrid, which makes them cross Macedonia once again. The Austrians feel like firemen in a burning city: called everywhere, effective nowhere...

Nis - As a logical consequence of the evolution of the situation in the region, the OKW orders to move the Panzerwaffe training center from Nis to Szeged, less exposed. Among
the students thus... moved are in particular the Bulgarians of the armoured brigade wanted by Beckerle, who are still in training.
No doubt that the Hungarians will appreciate the arrival of these unexpected guests on their territory! But Horthy, whose nation has benefited greatly from the arbitrations of Vienna and the successive revisions of the treaty of Trianon, could not refuse this favor to his German friends.

Siege of Salonika
Salonika (northern sector)
- At dawn, the fighting resumes for the conquest of the village of Sykies, or what remains of it after the bombardments of the day before. The Jägers fight with the energy of despair, without any spirit of retreat: each hour gained is a respite for their comrades, who are brought down to the city center wounded and fed.
In these Dantesque conditions, which are reminiscent of certain battles of the Russian Front, the progress can only be slow... and costly too. Too often, an armored vehicle called to the rescue to reduce a machine-gun nest is destroyed by a carefully camouflaged mine. And the snipers wreak havoc, taking advantage of the topography of the place, made of multiple valleys and eminences. These fierce battles enervated and harass the soldiers of the Victoria province. The 300 meters to be crossed until the Heptapyrgion, the Byzantine fortress which thrones majestically thirty meters higher, are an ordeal for the Australians. Sometimes, some German pieces try to make things worse by firing bravely from the park of the Dikastirion square - but they are immediately silenced by the ANZAC counter-batteries, and nothing can dent the determination of the Kangaroos who finally see the end of the tunnel.
Finally, at 17:30, General Müller orders the retreat. Consuming men and ammunition will not bring anything more to the Festung Salonik. At sunset, the Germans disengage, leaving however (for the first time) many wounded behind them. Exhausted, the "Aussies" do not continue.
At the medieval castle, a section led by Oberleutnant Friedrich Waldemar (cited in the order of the Army for his previous actions) proudly pretends to resist in the heart of the work. Unwilling to lose men for such a symbolic capture, Stevens chooses to wait, making his 25-Pounder give once more. The pocket of resistance finally falls in the night, after a last stand. The old citadel will survive the conflict - even if it has been shaken by the fire.
.........
"The plague on those Krauts fools! A whole day of fighting and there were fifty young Huns to want to fight in a castle! Finally, our leader, Brigadier Stanley Savige, came to talk to them in person and managed to convince these Nazis to surrender. So we took the place without a fight. Funny place: Christian bases, maybe even Roman... but Arabic inscriptions in many places. The old stones seemed welcoming to us, offering a welcome coolness after this feverish day.
Alas, bad luck intervened, or maybe one of those "Red Bonnet" leprechauns that my uncle from Ulster used to invoke to scare me when I was a kid... One of the stones of the castle came loose and fell on our sleeping group, crushing poor Roger's legs. The poor guy, always so lively and helpful! Our gunner Stanley owed him a few beers after so much fighting! The medical team arrived: they told us that he would have to be amputated on the spot, the poor guy fainted and I left to avoid seeing that. In the midst of all this misery, a morbid thought crossed my mind: the Bone Crunchers were going to have a good time tonight...
" (H.C. Goldsmith, op. cit.)
.........
During the night, the 16th Infantry Brigade (New South Wales) takes up position on the southern flank, facing the historic center, in order to relieve the 17th, which had been severely tested during the day.
Progressing with caution, it reaches the monastery of the Vlatades (Moni Vlatadôn), one of the main religious communities of Thessaloniki, directly dependent on the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. The Australians thus make contact with the hierarchical leaders of the Orthodox Church of Salonika - who announce that many civilians have found refuge in their communities and with their popes. About 175 people crammed into the modest building are evacuated towards the allied lines.
There are many revolting accounts of the behavior of the Kampfgruppe Müller and its accomplices of the Hellenic State, which will again be collected and duly transmitted to Athens.
In the middle of a sinister litany of horrors, one point will cause great concern to general Panagiotis Spiliotopoulos and his government: the Jägers have made massive use of forced laborers during the development of the region in July and August.
More than 4,000 people were sent to work on the roads for the German company Müller (sic!) on the roads connecting Salonika to Katerini and Larissa, in areas where malaria is rife. Where are they now? Probably scattered in the Festung Salonik, close to the German units...
Salonika (southern sector) - The Tommies of the XIIIth Corps continue their slow advance,
despite the covering elements sent by Müller. But nothing really serious
stopped the 51st Division, which finally occupied Triandra completely during the day.
From his PC tent, Wimberley called Stevens directly to define the junction point of their troops
their troops: it will be between the zoological park and the Pacha Gardens. The meeting is
planned for tomorrow at sunrise.

Salonika (center) - There are obvious facts that even a patriotic general must recognize: the 97. Jäger is in a critical situation. Completing the withdrawal of all its remaining men and heavy equipment (about fifteen Marders) towards the redoubt he has defined the day before, Müller nervously waits in his HQ to see where the next Allied blow would land. He has no more reserves: the pioneers have been decimated by the fighting on the southern front and his two regiments had become two large battalions. The artillery was wiped out this morning: the surviving servants will join their comrades at the Front.
The general was forced to order the lightly wounded to move up to the line: in any case, the medical posts are full and have little material left. And in any case, Müller prefers his men, even if they are in bad shape, to the colonel's brigands or the fools of the Hellenes. If they hold the city, it will be good enough - they have less and less work to do...
A good point, however, for the anecdote: the "minister" Logothetópoulos came to the field hospital to help. It seems that he was a doctor and military surgeon during the Balkan and later the Greek-Turkish wars. He chose his moment well to be useful!
In a rage, Müller throws an empty bottle against the wall, which shatters. It contains only water, of which there is still no shortage - the general is not a man to feast while we are fighting. And anyway, he is not in the mood. Until then, everything was fine, but clearly not anymore...
A few steps away, Colonel Müller witnesses the scene. He prefers to turn away without reporting to his boss. At least not right away - this is obviously not the time. Especially since Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller is not the bearer of good news either. He has just reported the first cases of desertions among the... let's say "historical members"... of his unit. This does not let him worry: given their pedigree, it is unlikely that these men would surrender to the Allies or have many places to hide. And since the good colonel had always favored a form of personal loyalty in his Kampfgruppe, he sees in this event the beginning of a very worrying phenomenon. The supervisors will have to be watched - and that will cause some gnashing of teeth.

Bulgarian affair
Pernik and surroundings (1st Army sector)
- Oberst Baron von Holtey and his tanks arrive in the plain and enter Radomir, in sight of the men of the 11th Infantry Division. Once the city is secured, the tanks stop and the crews appear to be taking up their quarters. However, the day is certainly not over. A hope runs through the Bulgarian lines, until it reaches Major-General Nikola Kochev Nakoff: what if the Germans did not have the means, or the desire to attack them? Perhaps their threats were a bluff! In addition, the commander of the 1st Army has just received a message from his supervisory minister, General Zlatev, announcing allied air support for the coming days. This is enough to make the Germans think!
In reality, the Panzers make a simple technical stop: the men are exhausted by their uninterrupted ride of the last seven days and the machines are in great need of revision, refueling and other various cares. But there is no hurry: in agreement with Alexander Löhr, Walter Krüger orders the 2. Panzer Rgt to wait for reinforcements. This pause will also allow the FliegerFührer Schwarzes Meer to be called upon again, so that he can include air support in his long list of missions...
On the other hand, another division of the 12. Armee does not remain unarmed: the 19. PzGr pursues full east to prevent any escape towards Thrace and the rear of the 2nd Bulgarian Army (the one which rallied to the German friends). It secures the city of Kyoustendil, in the most complete calm.
.........
Ihtiman and surroundings (4th Army) - Further east, near Vakarel, Major-General Stefanov is also waiting for the enemy. But he is assessing the strategic situation of Bulgaria, his army's situation... and his own. All three appear to him to be disastrous. Only one question is now on his mind: to keep the road to the south open.
.........
Southern Bulgaria - Stoychev's 2nd Army continues its movement without significant incident. It reaches the town of Bansko in the evening.

Sofia - Regent Kyril of Preslav, Prime Minister Muraviev and General Yanchulev confer again in the throne room with the other ministers. Among the many concerns, more or less urgent and more or less worrying, it is in particular question of the raid suffered by Sofia the day before. The prince is obviously concerned about the political repercussions of the event. It would be good that this kind of thing does not repeat itself! Muraviev answers by indicating that he is going to request from the Allies a fighter cover over the "reduced" insurgents. This is duly noted by Ivan Bagrianov, the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Then, General Yanchulev reports the arrival of the 1. Panzer in the sector of Pernik, which triggers various movements in the room. However, upon learning that the Germans did not attack, everyone relaxes - a little. Finally, trying to remain positive, the Chief of Staff gives a reassuring picture of the situation of the Bulgarian armies loyal to the Regime.
Prince Kyril concludes: "Our forces are ready and motivated. There is nothing more to do than wait. If we can stop the Germans for a while in the plain surrounding Sofia, then we are saved, because neither President Roosevelt nor his allies will let a country be crushed within a hundred kilometers of their troops. Otherwise..."
There is no need to continue: everyone will complete. But the pessimists (and there are more and more of them...) note that a week after Muraviev's declaration, Western aid is still slow to materialize.

On the airwaves - Nothing very special tonight on Radio Neue Europa, except the usual diatribes and insults of "Der Chef". Like everyone else, the person concerned is in expectation and wonders how the situation will evolve.
 
13/09/43 - France, Liberation of Gap
September 13th, 1943

Provence
Liberation
- At the western end of the Allied position, the Rangers make little progress. The grenadiers of the 759. Gr Rgt defend themselves foot by foot in front of the Petit Rhône, around the Monro pond. But a little further north, the 32nd and 53rd RCT line this branch of the river between Arles and Saint Gilles. A little further back, in Arles, the rest of the 7th US-ID awaits the arrival of the 109th RCT of the 28th US-ID (Keystone Division), in the process of landing, to cross.
In the Vaucluse, the Germans withdraw behind the Aygues river. A little further back, the KG (ex) Tychsen keeps control of the roads in the triangle Grignan-Suze la Rousse-Saint Paul Trois Châteaux.
Meanwhile, in the north of the Vaucluse, the 21st Zouaves finds itself on the front line, fighting in the enclave of Valréas in company of the 4th RSM and with the support of a part of the artillery of the 3rd DB and the 4th EC.

Alps and French Riviera
Liberation
- In the Alps, it is time for reorganization: taking advantage of the 4th DMM's coming on line, the IIIrd Corps recovers its 15th DBLE while the Ist Corps prepares its 10th DI to relieve the 3rd RTM of the 3rd DIM, which has just taken Gap. The vast redeployment movement that was beginning would cause the I Corps to lose one or two precious days, but General Juin thinks that this is the lesser evil: it would allow the 27th Alpine Division to come up to the line cleanly.
A little to the south, the 4th DMM takes possession of its hunting ground around Digne (Conquet Brigade) and arrives in sight of Castellane (De la Beaume Brigade). During the
redeployment of the 10th DI, the 21st RI is forced to withdraw when it is relieved by the legionnaires of the 14th DBLE and 4th BMLE. As a result, the 281. Gr Rgt breathes and manages to make contact with the rest of his division which is still facing the 9th DIC in the Esterel, along the coast and in front of Tourettes.

In the air... and on the ground - Captain Mayadoux is a case. The man has been locked up for many months, speaking only in monosyllables, or very few.
Pilot of a Breguet 693 shot down by German fighters on June 9th, 1940 at Villers-Cotterêts, in the Aisne, already wounded in flight and his gunner killed, he landed on his belly, not far from a column of French infantrymen, who had taken him out of the plane to put him into an ambulance, fortunately almost empty. His right foot, torn off by a shell, had to be amputated, he was missing two or three fingers on his right hand and a shrapnel had cost him his right eye. Yet it was not really his serious injuries that had rendered him mute, but his return to service after a long convalescence.
Sent to NAF at his express request because of his status as a pilot, he had been well cared for on the spot and he had gone as soon as possible to ask the staff to resume his place as a combatant. The person in charge of assignments had made him understand that his future function would be behind a desk rather than in a cockpit. He told the creep that his prosthetic foot allowed him to push on the rudder in a normal way, that his hand could hold a stick because his thumb was intact, and that there were other one-eyed pilots - nothing had helped, not even a certificate from the training center saying that he could fly a school plane without any problems. He went to see a medical examiner, but the examiner refused to sign the precious sesame, and he was assigned to air traffic control after an understandable period of depression, which had plunged him into this silence from which he never left.
A glimmer of sunshine broke through when volunteers were asked to do Forward Air Control (FAC/CAA) during the Peloponnese campaign. He had immediately applied for the position, to the great satisfaction of his colleagues in the MS, who were delighted to be rid of such an unpleasant individual. Since then, he had followed all the campaigns, in Sicily as well as in Italy, always at the forefront, standing with his binoculars and his radio helmet in a command-car, scorning enemy fire and guiding fighter-bomber attacks with rare precision, a relic of his past as an assault pilot.
A brief smile had lit up his face when he learned that he would be part of Dragon's CAA contingent: to be among the first to set foot on home soil was revenge on those stuck in NAF.
This is how he found himself between Vaucluse and Drôme, at the foot of the enclave of the Popes and within the 3rd DB, in an armored radio command-car, looking around for a place to direct the ground support Mustangs. His eagle eye quickly spotted the hills from Visan to Vinsobres, and now he's looking at the map to see which routes to take to get there. "Here!" he says, pointing his left index finger at the map on the hood. Corporal Serge Thoualde, driver, and Private Pascal Laniot, radio technician, are looking at the map. The location designated by the captain is on the crest of the hills, the place called Tortel.
- But captain, we will have to go through St-Maurice and go up the whole hill !
- No, through Visan!
- Ah yes, it's shorter, but not yet safe, captain... ?
- No problem.

The captain shows the two men his M1. Obviously, seen from this angle... While grumbling, the two soldiers are busy with the departure while the captain folds his map in order to see the sector they are interested in, when a lieutenant approaches the command-car.
- Captain?
- Yes, sir?
- We're going on a reconnaissance mission with two Jeeps to the heights of Visan on behalf of Colonel Perrois of the 21st. If you want, we can go ahead of you to open the road?
- All right!

The Jeeps set off, followed by the command-car, and cross the Eygues. Sounds of shooting as we approach Visan. At the entrance of the village, held by the Zouaves, we turn right towards the hills on a path that is more rocky than paved, and that climbs steeply from mid-hill fortunately the machines are in four-wheel drive! Arrived at Tortel, an old farmer indicates the next path on the left to go to the top "where there is a beautiful view" and the vehicles engage then in a true vineyard path, hardly the width of the command-car.
If at the top the view is indeed beautiful, the interest is somewhat spoiled by trees. It is necessary to go until the end of a clearing in clearing (to implant vineyards there) and to make the vehicle climb up the hillside. Then, by pulling a long radio link cable, the captain climbs the last rocks to enjoy a 360° view. The lieutenant accompanies him by helping him, makes his visual recognition, then uses the radio of the command-bus to inform his superior before going down in the valley. Were it not for the slope, there is a way to pass on the flank and go back down to Cassillac/Roussillac.
Mayadoux is now at work. The radio helmet over his cap, wrapped in his leather aviator's jacket, binoculars around his neck or in his hands, he leans against the trunk of the last shrub hung on the summit, which provides him a relative hiding place. Radio tests, everything works, he only has to wait for the planes to direct them on the targets that he will have seen and noted on a notebook. He also stays in contact with the HQs of the ground units, which communicate their requests to him.
Up towards Carpentras, several groups of Mustangs of the 2nd EC are flying at nearly 500 km/h at 340... Control assigned them a sector on the map and gave them the frequency and code of the local CAA - Mayadoux.
- Maya from Beta 1, do you copy?
- Beta 1 of Maya, 5 of 5.
- Maya from Beta 1, 3 groups of 12 chabons from 160. What are the objectives? Over.
- Beta 1 from Maya, infantry support sector A4 B3 C1. Infantry, light armor, no flak seen. Black smoke for discernment. Suggest strafing pass first. Over.
- Maya from Beta 1, roger. Confirm strafing first, over.
- Beta 1 from Maya, confirm strafing. Infantry first, armor and artillery in the back of the sector. Over.
- Maya from Beta 1, roger. Let's move out. Cigognes, you have the honor from the south. Then Hirondelles from the east and Mouettes from the northeast.

Soon, the Mustangs appear at ground level and begin to spray the German troops. Down below, the Zouaves got down, you never know. In the plain and among the vines, the tanks are quickly spotted and several pilots place their eggs at the first passage while the others climb to be able to drop them in dive. Only one Flak battery revealed itself and was dropped on the first pass. By the east, the FGA of the Chimères and Hirondelles of the III/2 took the Hérin valley and crossed the axis of the I/2 in perpendicular, surprising the men on the ground. As usual, Maridor dived to the bottom of the valley and came out 2 meters above the vines, sulphating in his own way. It was the Germans who suffered. The 40 mm did not give any chance to two half-tracks posted in machine-gun nests.
To the north, tumbling down from the hills of Vinsobres, the Hirondelles and Silver Chimeras of II/2 attacked a column of tanks and trucks at the entrance of Valréas and placed several direct hits on the tanks. Furious, the SS attacked the civilians whose only crime is to be present...
In the absence of a real Flak (which pleasantly surprised them), the pilots did not hesitate to make several passes, in dive for those who did not drop their bombs yet, above ground for the others, which gives an impression of frenetic hive to the spectators.
Mayadoux smiles, for once. How long ago it was when they had to bomb columns of several dozen tanks with three columns of several dozen tanks! In his binoculars (it's stupid, they could have given him a spyglass), the one-eyed man follows the evolutions and calls from time to time: "Beta from Maya, support in AB-22" and a pair of Mustangs oblique towards the reported sector.
How there is no collision, he does not know, as the trajectories are so crossed. However, as a connoisseur, he appreciates it as a connoisseur, and points it out to the planes: "Beta from Maya, very good job guys, the guys, the zouaves down below will like it! Not only do they like it, but they enjoy it!"
A quarter of an hour later, the Mustangs have disappeared in the distance, two of them however, leaving a trail of smoke, a sign that the grenadiers still had a bit of flak.
In the valley, a small engine noise could be heard. Pointing his binoculars, the captain sees a small plane on the side of the 3rd DB taking advantage of the lull to take off. It is a Piper L4 probably carrying a wounded man or an oil tank, or both in one. Mayadoux grimaces.
The pilot took off into the wind, which was good to shorten his flight path, but which leads him to pass over the front...
His instincts were not wrong - from the German lines came fire of all kinds.
Enraged by the Mustang attack, the survivors lash out at the harmless Piper. Instead of turning left to turn back, the Piper turns right, towards the captain's observatory. But this is stupid, he'll have to climb above the hill! Mayadoux soon understands that something is wrong.
The plane seems to hesitate, slips, skids. He hears a loud engine noise, sees the plane to avoid the hill or pass it. Always framed by bullets, fortunately not very effective because fired from too far away, the machine seems to climb the hill as if it were rolling over it, flying low over the trees. Soon it appears above the clearing below the captain, who hears the engine cut. The plane lands as best it can on the flat and comes to a halt on the road. Quickly, the captain descends from his perch and rushes towards the small aircraft. It was as he thought: the pilot had been hit by gunfire, in the arm and head. It was a miracle that he had been able to land like that.
In the back, a colonel detached himself and helped Mayadoux to extract the wounded pilot from the cockpit.
First aid was administered, but the injuries worried the captain, who suggested to take the wounded pilot back to the rear with the plane. The colonel, astonished: "Can you fly?"
- That's what I did before I was wounded, colonel, and I still know...
- But your eye...
- If it weren't for the damned fools at headquarters, my eye and I would be in the Mustang that just attacked!
- Oh? Well, then, by all means, but you'll be in charge...
- Don't worry about it, Colonel, the pilots are buried with their mistakes! Laniot, call downstairs so they can send a car to get the colonel... Unless everyone goes back down with the command-car?
- Don't worry, I'll take advantage of the view, we'll go on a reconnaissance...
- Right after the fight?
- Yes, why? It's the best time to see what's going on...

Biting his lips, Mayadoux refrains from replying "And to be shot like a rabbit, you idiot!" and he turns around to install the wounded man in the back of the Piper with the help of Corporal Thoualde. Then he tries to find a clear and flat passage for the takeoff of the L4. The four men clear rocks, branches, then Mayadoux settles at the controls, after having turned the tail of the plane. He starts up, runs along the runway: it's short!
He knows that this type of plane takes off quickly and the marks on the badin confirm it, but he has never flown it!
At the end of the field, he turns the plane around. Feet on the brakes, he packs up the mill, then lets go. The plane bumps, takes speed, it will never go... Unless ? Jump the small ditch and continue on the road which, fortunately, is in the prolongation of the pseudo-track. He tries everything, unloads the plane on the stick. The L4 lifts off as the wheels cross the ditch, falls heavily... on the other side and continues on the road which goes down and narrows. The wings pass over the first vines and at the second request, the plane takes off. The captain recovers and turns without seeing that behind him on the ground, three men applaud.
As he knows the frequency of the day, he can quickly contact the control, explain his situation and ask for the location of the nearest hospital. It will be Salon, where half an hour later the little Piper lands in a perfect three-point landing...
 
14/09/43 - Occupied Countries
September 14th, 1943

Avenue de la Porte de Montreuil (Paris, XXth)
- "Paris" is worried as he climbs the stairs to "Nancy's" apartment early in the morning with "Compiègne".
Some time earlier, "Nice" has been arrested, and many elements of the Detachment had the impression or conviction of being followed... We should make sure that "Nancy", of whom we haven't heard from for a few days, hasn't snitched - or been snitched on - to Doriot's cops. In the first case, there is nothing like a walk in the Bois de Vincennes: the bucolic autumn setting lends itself to confidences...
But now the front door is ajar! Oh, it smells bad, says "Paris". A silhouette is framed in the door. In spite of the half-light, she looks like anything but "Nancy". It really smells too bad! Cries of alarm. Shots exchanged. Cavalcades in the stairs.
"Paris" will be arrested a week later in the apartment of his mistress by the Geheime Feldpolizei. "Compiègne" will fall the following month. However, "Nancy", arrested at the beginning of the month, had not been too prolix. And it is "Paris" who will end up sitting at the table... Thanks to the Germans and the PSE will apprehend, one after the other, "Cerbère", then "Bordeaux", "Quimper", "Perpignan", "Grenoble", "Etampes", "Toulouse", "Saint Denis" [of Reunion Island, where the Resistance fighter was from], "Lyon", "Laon", "Tours"...
All of them, as time goes by, will end up on the indications of the unfortunate "Paris", who will even give the identity of Dubois, the head of the executive committee. But this one will be able save himself, probably thanks to the intervention of "Volga". The professionalism of the latter had improved the offensive efficiency of the Valmy Detachment for some time, but it had not been enough to instill in it the necessary techniques of compartmentalization to protect itself in case of denunciations and arrests. For example, "Grenoble, "Etampes" and "Toulouse" all lived in the same street!
Before All Saints' Day, the Valmy network was practically destroyed. Most of its members are deported, few will come back.

Turin - A precarious calm reigns in the city. The RSI press describes the events of the previous days as "incidents fomented by communist and foreign agitators, who are the ones really responsible for the loss of life that occurred during the restoration of republican and social order". Mussolini's supporters also take advantage of this opportunity to point out the cowardice of the King, who has sold Italy "to the moneyed powers of Wall Street and the City", while the Germans had always honored their commitments to their ally.
The articles speak of a hundred dead, but in truth it was more than two thousand victims, including a maximum of 700 combatants, who lost their lives during what history will call the "Shroud Revolt". Of course, the newspapers of the RSI do not mention the arrests were followed by summary hangings in the street, nor of the ten thousand Turinese imprisoned (approximately - the figures are imprecise). Many of them are deported to concentration camps, from which not all of them will return.
Curiously perhaps, the Allied press is not very talkative about the Turin revolt. Some historians have speculated that the revolt included too many communists for the Western Allies and too many Christians for the Kremlin.

Doftana Prison (near Telega, Romania)
- The guards of the venerable building of 1895, sometimes called the Romanian Bastille, receives a distinguished visitor: Baron Mocsony-Styrcea. Although he no longer holds an official position, he still acts under the cover of the royal authority - which seems to find some colors these days. The guards hasten to open the door of their establishment to him, before allowing him to meet the inmates.
However, the baron has not come for a courtesy visit - and not to meet Soviet officers who are prisoners of war or Hungarian personalities detained here as a result of the events in Transylvania. No, he comes to find Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu: the main member of the Romanian CP still openly present on the national territory. Pătrășcanu is a well-known figure in the Romanian political landscape: a graduate in law, a doctorate in economics, this former deputy has been a pure communist since 1919 - which led to his arrest in 1924, 1940 (under King Carol), 1941 (after Antonescu took power), and just recently, as a precautionary measure, following the defeats in Bessarabia and when he was already under house arrest in Poiana Tapului.
The man interests the Palace in more than one way. Of course, he is a communist and even a member of the Central Committee of the Romanian CP. But first of all, this is not useless when one aspires to negotiate with the USSR. Secondly, Pătrășcanu is not really close to the Soviet orthodox line. Very critical of the policy of the Comintern during the 1930s, he had numerous run-ins with the Stalinists, notably at the Kharkov congress, where he dared to maintain before the Soviets that the Bessarabians were Romanians, thus opposing the resolution which asked for the attachment of the region to Ukraine* and supporting, in fact, the imperialist policy of Greater Romania. Some people whisper that, if he is still alive, it is primarily because he has not returned to Moscow since 1935...
Pătrășcanu, a communist but a patriot, would therefore be a precious tool for building the edifice that King Michael is trying to build on the debris of Antonescu's popularity. The interested party does not resist the offer of Mocsony-Styrcea. Released, he returns to Bucharest under the baron's wing.

* "Moldova is not a separate nation and, historically and geographically, Moldovans are the same Romanians as the Romanians of Moldova. Thus, I believe that such a false starting point makes the resolution false in itself."
 
14/09/43 - Asia & Pacific
September 14th, 1943

Indochina Campaign
Diversion in Tonkin
On the road to Phu Tong
- During the last twenty-four hours, the offensive in this sector has put in the spotlight the confrontations taking place in Laos. Ba-Be has fallen in its turn. At the head of the Franco-Indochinese attack are the 3rd and 4th Tonkinese Riflemen Regiments. They are supported by the 4th Colonial Artillery Regiment and the 5th Foreign Infantry Regiment is in reserve.
From midnight to dawn, the sky is once again reserved for the Lysanders, who continue to undermine the sleep and the morale of the Japanese soldiers - some of them end up shooting randomly in the air at the slightest engine noise, to calm their nerves.
At daybreak, the Japanese reconnaissance planes notice the presence of a large numerous light flak. Three F1Ms (Pete) on a ground support mission can confirm this: the last biplane of the formation sees its right lower plane and its vertical stabilizer shredded by bullets. However, the pilot manages to bring his shaking and vibrating machine back to the Great Lake of Hanoi.
.........
Nguyen-Binh, 14:00 - The Japanese garrison calls for help. The buildings are under artillery fire and the road was cut off to the north and south of the city. The responsible are the 108th Vietminh Division and the few guns of its artillery regiment TD 102.
In the afternoon, two C-47s come to drop supplies to the attackers (mostly ammunition, some food and medicine but also spare parts for the radio sets which suffered from the climate). On their way back, they are attacked by five Ki-43s which shoot down one of the planes and damage the second one before the four Mustang cover planes come to the rescue, shooting down two four Mustangs arrive to the rescue, shooting down two of the Japanese.
The damaged Dakota heads for Epervier, but its still-working engine shows signs of weakness even though it was not very far away. The decision is made to land on the Tuan Giao airstrip, which is not really designed for large twin-engine aircraft. The landing is eventful but without any breakage. All that remains is to wait for Dien-Bien-Phu to send some repairs.
.........
Nang-Son - Vietnamese "light divisions" infiltrate the Japanese position and harass the defenders.
.........
Despite appearances, this vast offensive is only a diversion. It is a question of diverting the attention of the Japanese from another much more important operation.

The Sino-Japanese war (and its side effects)
Chongqing
- The Commandant-Odent barracks, initially built for the French Navy when the first French gunboats arrived in Chongqing at the beginning of the century, is an imposing building that stands on a bank of the Yangtze River, just a few blocks from the capital of free China. Its massive silhouette has earned it the nickname "Bastille" by sailors, but since last November, it seems very small to its occupants. Indeed, as it now combines the functions of temporary residence of the ambassador and the headquarters of the French military delegation in China, civilians and military are vying for the smallest available office space.
The advantage is that Jean Escarra does not have far to go to meet General Mast. But today, if the ambassador is sweating when he enters the general's office, it is not only because of the humid heat which, as always in this season, encloses the Chinese capital in a suffocating gangue. He collapses into a rattan seat before Mast has even offered him a seat, Escarra explains to the officer why he has come to see him at once.
- As you know, we are about to open a consulate in Lhasa," he begins.
- I am aware of that," Mast retorts with a touch of annoyance, "since you have stolen two of my men to serve as bodyguards for your diplomatic adventurers. So what?
- So what
," Escarra continues, "I've just been informed that the whole team has been kidnapped on their way there!
The ambassador gives the officer the information he has received: while the six members of the future consulate were visiting the famous Tibetologist Alexandra David-Néel, who was staying in a Buddhist monastery near Dartsedo, the site was invaded by a group of armed men who, under threat, took the French with them. Aphur Yongden, adopted son of Mrs. David-Néel, who shared her spiritual retreat, was not recognized by the kidnappers who mistook him for one of the monks, and he managed to follow them to their hideout, a fortified farmhouse in the hills not far from the city. According to his testimony, the group of fifteen men were armed with modern rifles and pistols - a detail that is not insignificant, since the local outlaws are generally equipped with out-of-date guns, anyway sufficient to rob the merchants and other pilgrims who are their usual prey.
- The problem", Escarra continues, "is that the local governor, Liu Wenhui, is an ex-warlord, and his men are bribes just good enough to serve as his praetorian guard. No need to count on them to free our nationals!
Even if he agreed to do so, it would end in a bloodbath. As for the regular troops, General Chen made it clear that he had no intention of involving them.
- For example!
" exclaims Mast. "And why is that?
- It's complicated,
" Escarra grumbles.
Mast greets the answer with a long, jaded sigh: "Everything is always complicated in Asia. Tell me anyway."
- Kham is officially the Chinese province of Xikang", Escarra explains, "but outside the capital, Chinese authority is merely formal. The region is populated mostly by Tibetans and Tibet claims suzerainty.
- But Tibet is not independent!
- No, obviously, on paper it is also a Chinese province. Except that it has been thirty years that it has enjoyed an unofficial autonomy. The Chinese have, let's say, put the issue on the back burner for the time being, and they don't want to risk setting the world on fire until they are in a position of strength. But above all, to send their own men would be an admission of weakness on Chiang Kai-shek's part, for it would be an admission that he could not get Liu to obey him... In short, I am afraid that for the Chinese, the fate of our consular team will be written off!

Mast stands up, shaking his head, "Well, follow me." He leaves and, with Escarra in his wake, enters without knocking into another office, three doors down: "Salan, we're going to need you."
Lieutenant Colonel Raoul Salan arrived in Chongqing at the same time as Mast. During their long journey from Algiers to China, the two men had plenty of time to get to know each other. Officially, Salan was the embassy's military attaché, but Mandel had made it clear to him before his departure that the post was to be used mainly as a screen to assist Mast in the defense of French strategic interests in the Far East... in all sorts of ways. Salan, who since the end of the East African campaign, had been vegetating as chief of intelligence at the staff of the higher command in the French West Indies, had been delighted with a transfer that many others would have interpreted as a disguised sanction, especially since the Minister of War at the time seemed, God knows why, not to appreciate this brilliant officer too much. "I believe," Salan had confided to Mast, "that it did not displease the General too much to send me as far away from Algiers as possible."
After listening carefully to the ambassador's account, Salan remainspensive for a moment, then he says: "General, Excellency, perhaps I have a solution to propose to you. With your agreement, I will involve the Bayard Company.
.........
The Compagnie Bayard, which has since become a legend in France as well as in China (where it is known as known as Lao Bai Fa Yong, "the Hundred Old Braves from France"), is made up of the survivors of the battle of Guangzhouwan where, in December 1941, a small group of adventurers, mercenaries and individuals of varying degrees of repute had put up a valiant resistance to the vastly superior Japanese forces.
The small French enclave had fallen, but not without having made the Mikado soldiers pay blood money.
After gathering under the command of Captain Folliot, the survivors embarked on a guerrilla campaign on the scale of their meager means, which had nonetheless been a nuisance to the Japanese occupiers. Its transfer to Chongqing in the spring of 1942 had deprived it of a good part of its fighting spirit: once its Chinese members had been incorporated in the regular army, its Russian members left to defend the Motherland against the German invasion and most of its legionnaires left to join their comrades at Dien Bien-Phu, it had melted by half. For months, it had been used only for patrolling the upper Yangtze, until Salan, realizing that he had a potential Free Corps at his disposal, reorganized it, rearmed it (mainly with equipment that had fallen off the truck, but was very modern) and transformed it into a real commando force. Since the beginning of 1943, the Bayard Company has carried out several coups de main behind the Japanese lines and the Chinese propaganda even starts to praise its feats of arms in patriotic plays!
For this new operation, Salan decides to send a group of 25 men, under the command of Captain Trinquier. Taken prisoner at Fort Bayard, he escaped in February and joined the Company as soon as it arrived in Chongqing. Trinquier, who was entrusted with the mission to free the six Frenchmen, selects the participants according to the somewhat special nature of the case. Among them, the always valiant but no longer young Morris "Two-Gun" Cohen, a Polish Jew who had become Sun Yat-sen's bodyguard, a self-appointed colonel in the Chinese army and then provider of arms to the defenders of Fort Bayard; one of the last two Russians still in the Company, Captain Burnouvitch; and Sergeant Loïc Raufast, recently returned from India where he trained with the SAS.
Like other such units, Bayard Company has its rituals and superstitions. Thus, as with every mission departure, Lieutenant Sapojnikoff, who after the Russian Civil War, worked as a cartoonist for a Shanghai daily newspaper under the pen name Sapajou, sketches a group portrait freehand, but leaves a corner of the drawing unfinished... it will be unfinished on his return, if no loss is to be regretted.
 
14/09/43 - Eastern Front
September 14th, 1943

Operation Suvorov
Angry buffalo
Sianno and Lepiel regions ("Suvorov-North")
- At the end of the former northernmost branch of Suvorov, the front is now calm. Except for patrols, there is nothing worth mentioning. The 20th Soviet Army is breathing and slowly recovering its health.
.........
Talachyn region ("Suvorov-North") - It is also in this area that the lines are freezing - although this is mainly due to the to the lack of German resources ... The other units of the of the 1st Belarusian Front (63rd Army, 1st Guards and 3rd Guards) are reorganizing their positioning. Indeed, the 3rd Guards Army is preparing to slide southward in order to take over part of the 15th Army's positions between Kruglae (the former demarcation) and Shupeni, while leaving to the 1st Guards the control of Voskresenskaya - thus of Talatchyn. It is a question of supporting Ivan Fedyuninsky, who must organize the defense of a bridgehead which everyone senses will soon be of great interest to the Germans...
Better late than never! However, considering the importance of the formations concerned, as well as their losses and their fatigue - not to mention the deplorable state of the communication lines, the maneuver could not effectively begin until tomorrow.
In the meantime, the 15th Army will have to hold, if necessary.
.........
Bialyničy region ("Suvorov-Center") - The 15th Army is obviously aware that it will be the next target of fascist forces... Also, with the absolute certainty that it has no more means to break through - but also, and this is new, with the express authorization of the Stavka - the army spends the day to consolidate and to reinforce its perimeter, while trying to move a maximum of means on the west bank of the Drut, in the expectation of a new feldgrau wave... Ivan Fedyuninsky looks around the front and seems a little less pessimistic than the day before - thanks to the support of his neighbors, and by making the best use of the terrain, it should be possible to make his bridgehead much stronger than it is... And to make it look even better! He doesn't know it, of course, but the enemy still has other priorities.
.........
Battle of Kirawsk ("Suvorov-Center"), from sunrise to 12:50 - The 29th Army resumes its advance towards Babruysk, under an umbrella kindly lent by Nikolai Naumenko's 2nd Air Army - which supplants the 15th Air Army, which is busy above Jlobin. This air support, without going so far as to speak of control of the sky, will contribute to avoid a total disaster. Indeed, at 07:30, a flight of Pe-2 on its way to Babrouïsk spots the 19. Panzer in the vicinity of Patseva Sloboda and gives the alert.
Managrov, who obviously feared such a maneuver from the enemy, takes it upon himself to immediately halt the advance of his column head. The latter, consisting of the 256th Rifle Division and the 69th Motorized Division, is already engaged in the woods south of Stolb, facing a stubborn defense of the 131. ID - which curiously clings to the ground like the ground than the day before. Without wasting time, Managrov instructs his reserves, the 252nd and 254th Rifle Divisions, to move to his right, with the 171st and 759th Anti-tank Gun Rgt in support. He hopes to block the enemy's movement, but asks his Front Commander, Ivan Konev, for permission to withdraw his points to defend the Kirawsk road junction as a priority.
Unfortunately, from Konev's headquarters in Dobruch, the situation does not seem to be at all catastrophic - in any case, it does not justify a retreat that Moscow would certainly not forgive. Konev therefore orders Managrov to hold on to Stolb, "while pushing the enemy further north". Fascist tanks could not engage in street fighting, and more support from the VVS would solve the problem. At worst, Volkov's 22nd Armored Corps is only twenty-four hours away from the 29th Army! Forty-eight at most...
Anyway, we have to hold on, because great things are planned in Jlobin!
The frontovikis thus face for several hours the charges of Gustav Schmidt's panzers, which suffer significant losses under the fire of the 264th and 644th Artillery Rgt. and the strikes of the Il-2 sent from Smolensk. The 73. Panzergrenadier Rgt, which carries the main effort towards Kirawsk, loses a good third of its strength without being able to seize the city - but it is not a problem, because the Germans' target is not here.
Shortly before noon, the Panzers break through at Vilki, north of the city, with the help of Stukas of III/StG 1. The 27. Panzer Rgt opens the way, followed by the 74. Panzergrenadier Rgt. Both of them are now heading east, but to where ?
The answer becomes clear soon after. Indeed, while supporting the infantrymen of the 245th Division fighting in the plain south of Kapusta against the 7. ID, the Soviet airmen have the very unpleasant surprise to see rising on the horizon columns of dust indicating, among others, the arrival on the battlefield of the 21. Panzer Rgt and the 20. Schützen-
Brigade. Heinrich von Lüttwitz launches his 20. Panzer to attack the left flank of the 20th Army, with the support of the 17. ID, which would compensate for the reduced strength of his PanzerDivision.
This news, announces in clear on the radio, caused a real flabbergast in the Soviet General Staff - which assumes that the bulk of the fascist forces were still in Jlobin, facing its best troops. Presuming the behavior of one's adversary is a common trait among generals of all nationalities... General Managrov urgently requests authorization to make a general withdrawal to the north, while his forces are now close to being surrounded and have only a corridor of 10 kilometers wide for that - a corridor that is probably getting smaller by the hour, if not by the minute...
Ivan Konev still refuses to believe it. He asks for confirmation from the 2nd Air Army and - above all! - he asks Moscow what to do in case of a "new fascist attempt in the Kapusta area". In doing so, he obviously covers himself, probably already thinking of wetting his hierarchy in what is to be a real disaster. We can probably understand him, given the atmosphere that reigns at the headquarters of the Red Army... but he loses precious moments.
.........
Moscow - The Stavka is informed only at 12:50 of the reality of the situation on the front - while Zhukov is not there, confined to bed by a high fever (the Po-2s he uses for his frequent movements are full of air currents...) and by the fatigue accumulated these last days. And unfortunately, Stalin is informed before him, undoubtedly by the channel of the political officers who flank the various echelons of command. Faced with what he considers - obviously - as an inadmissible failure, the Vojd decides to contact Konev personally by HF radio, bypassing his entire hierarchy, to give him instructions. There follows a series of exchanges that will cost the 29th Army - which is almost a detail - but which will also confuse Zhukov and Konev for life, which will not fail to reflect on future operations.
At 13:00, while the Stavka is still wondering what to do, Stalin calls Konev.
The latter still remembers the scene, 28 years later: "Stalin said with anger that we had announced to the whole world that we had surrounded a large enemy group in the Jlobin area but that the enemy was on his way to surround our troops! He asked: "What do you know about the situation of the 29th Army?" From his voice, I noticed that he was concerned. Obviously, had not been properly informed. So I said to him: "Comrade Stalin, don't worry. The enemy is not surrounding us. Our Front has made the necessary arrangements. I sent the 22nd Armored Corps to re-establish the connection with the 29th Army and to send the enemy back to the west or into the Jlobin cauldron. These units will do their duty - In the meantime, I also ordered Managrov to redeploy his army to face the threats from Jlobin, because the most important thing is obviously to keep the Fascists in the cauldron." Stalin then asked, "You did this on your own? But this is beyond your powers as a Front leader!" I nodded, "That's fine. We'll discuss it in the Stavka and I'll call you back.
In addition to outrageously showing off to the supreme leader, Konev has indeed just lied to Stalin by announcing the taking of measures, certainly adequate, but which still need to be ordered to the 29th Army! Moreover, the transfer of the 22nd Armored Corps from Bialyničy owes him nothing: this movement was directly ordered by Moscow for several days already and therefore has no connection with the current maneuver in Kirawsk.
But let's not throw the stone too much at Comrade Konev... In doing so, he probably wanted to protect his person and (a little) his troops, while doing nothing more than seizing the stick Stalin was holding out to him to further inflame his enmity with Zhukov.
As for Zhukov, he receives a few minutes later, while he is still in bed, a personal call from the Vojd, which will be the subject of an intense polemic between Zhukov and Konev, which will continue until twenty years after the fact. Zhukov: "I was awakened with a start by Miniuk, my aide-de-camp, who simply told me "Joseph Stalin on the phone." Jumping out of bed, I picked up the phone. The supreme commander said to me, "I have just been informed that at Konev's place the enemy this morning made a breakthrough from the area of Jlobin [...]. Do you know about this?" "No, I am not aware of it." "Then make sure of it and report to me." I immediately called Konev and he explained that the enemy had tried, taking advantage of the storm of the last few days, to encircle the 29th Army around Kirawsk, that he had already advanced 5 kilometers and that he occupied various villages north of Kirawsk. After talking with him about the measures taken, I called the supreme commander and reported to him what I had learned. Joseph Stalin told me: "Konev proposed that the command of all the forces of the two Belorussian Fronts be entrusted to him, to destroy the remaining fascist troops in Jlobin and carry out the next offensives towards Minsk."
Needless to say, this announcement provoked a strong reaction from Zhukov, who would never forgive what he will always consider as a vileness coupled with a personal betrayal, moreover executed following a mistake - even shared. However, even during the publication of his memoirs, in the 70's, Ivan Konev will deny with vigor that he requested this transfer... For that, he will rely in particular - with a real success, for the fact that such an upheaval in the hierarchy was indeed the last thing to do in the middle of a battle. This may give us the final word on the story. Although obviously conceited and mortally jealous of Zhukov, Konev is a competent officer and a true leader. He would probably not have devised such a scheme for the simple pleasure of making an enemy more senior than himself. It is therefore quite possible that the commander of the 2nd Belorussian Front was simply tricked by the Little Father of the Peoples, who used his ambition to achieve his personal goals - divide and conquer.
Finally, at 2 p.m. - and while the 29th Army is still fighting for its survival! - a telex falls at the same time to Zhukov, Eremenko and Konev. This directive - besides the fact that it shakes a very tired Eremenko and threatens to sink into depression - turns the organization of the command at the worst moment and will have, if we believe Zhukov and Konev - for once in agreement! - serious consequences on the continuation of the battle. Ivan Konev takes charge alone, without the supervision of Zhukov, the liquidation of Jlobin, which must crown and finish Suvorov. Zhukov, for his part, receives the order to concentrate on operations Kutuzov and Rumyantsev, in Ukraine. Finally, Eremenko is not excluded from the responsibilities of his Front: in fact, he is reduced to a simple role of transmission belt - hardly better than an army chief, in fact. Very emotional, he will later write personally to Zhukov to share his offense: "Comrade Marshal, everyone knows - and you in particular - that for several days I did not sleep, that I stretched out all my strength in order to realize operation Suvorov and to take Vitebsk, Orsha and Talachyn. Why am I being pushed aside and not given the possibility to carry out this operation to its end, even later? I am proud of the troops of my Front and I want the capital of our motherland, Moscow, to honor the fighters of the 1st Belarussian Front."
It is easy to understand the outrage felt by Eremenko. As for Konev, who should be satisfied with this decision, he is already aware of its dangers. He is now responsible for everything that will happen. However, it does not matter, because the main thing, at least from Moscow's point of view at least, lies in the fact that the other forces of the 2nd Front in the sector - notably the 2nd Guards and 3rd Shock, of comrades Govorov and Purkayev - seem to have fallen asleep, contributing by their "passivity" (!) to the German success. It is therefore necessary to wake them up as soon as possible, if necessary by making them pay for their mistakes. But before that, it is imperative that the 29th Army get out...
.........
Battle of Kirawsk, from 12:50 to the evening - It is only at 14:00 that Managrov finally receives the order to withdraw his 29th Army to a new line Klitchaw-Grib-Recta, which is largely based on woods where the panzers will have difficulty maneuvering and where it will be easy to ambush anti-tank guns. The problem is that this order came much, much too late for the 256th Rifle Division and the 69th Motorized Division, now 22 kilometers in front of these new positions! And it is of course impossible for the forces in Kirawsk and Kapusta to wait for them, except to put themselves in danger, while they are already not sure themselves to escape... The retreat ordered by Managrov quickly turns into a panic - even a rout - when the armored vehicles and transports of the 264th and 644th Rgt, mixed with rear vehicles and artillery tractors, fly back in disorder towards the salvation. The road to Chachevichy is already cut off by the 19. Panzer, the only chance to escape now is to join the units holding the left flank in Kapusta, and then to withdraw with them!
The small streets of Kirawsk - a modest town of 5,000 inhabitants unaccustomed to so much traffic, quickly becomes death traps under the Luftwaffe's bombs (this one was however countered by the VVS, which lost 32 planes for 12 victories). To make matters worse, they are then bludgeoned by the German self-propelled artillery, which was finally able to leave the woods, as the rain had started to fall again. The arrival of the first elements of the 69th Motorized Division, which is also fleeing north and hitting the tail of the column of fugitives, completed the chaos. Tanks that found themselves trapped without the possibility of backing up or turn their turrets to the south to face the incoming enemy and smash the surrounding facades with cannons... They will fight here - because the 131. ID and 7. ID are already converging towards them...
In the evening, the unfortunate 256th Division, which had remained behind in the direction of Stolb scatter and sweep to the four winds in the plain south of Kirawsk. The 69th Division is still largely trapped in this locality, along with the 254th Rifle Division and various elements of the two anti-tank regiments deployed this morning, as well as the 644th Artillery Rgt. The remainder escapes in more or less good order (rather less...) northeast, encountering a retreating 245th Division facing the 20. Panzer and which itself had to keep its cohesion! The right wing of the 29th Army does not exist anymore. Its center is empty or almost. As for its left, it is retreating. Fortunately for Managrov - already withdrawing his headquarters to Chachevichy - the Germans are also worn out, and perhaps a little surprised by their success. They cannot, for the time being, exploit further. Indeed, they must first settle the fate of the Kirawsk pocket - and then the fate of Jlobin also worries them a little...
.........
Jlobin region ("Suvorov-South") - In this sector, the day started early - very early, in fact, because the sappers of the 3rd Shock Army - more precisely the 742nd Autonomous Battalion - undertake to open in the night and under the shells a passage in the minefields laid by the 34. ID south of Strešyn. Once this task is completed, detachments of the 87th Guards Division infiltrate into the German lines, while elements of the 3rd Guards Division do the same towards Kosakovka, at the junction between 34. ID and 45. ID. These two units remain very weakened by the battle for Gomel and are rather poorly reinforced by the 18. Panzer, which cannot and does not wish to be everywhere - a fortiori in the front line.
At sunrise, at 6:30 a.m., while Managrov's forces were still marching south, the frontovikis suddenly launched a determined assault against Strešyn, with the support of the
south, the frontovikis suddenly launched a determined assault against Strešyn, with the support of no less than four artillery regiments (506th, 1095th, 1100th, 1101st) and three mortar regiments of the Guard (23rd, 48th, 88th), plus those of two armored corps. The unfortunate Landsers of the 34. ID (Friedrich Hochbaum), are crushed by the deluge of fire that falls on them, then by the assault of an adversary that they imagined to be much less strong, lose their footing and begin to retreat northward, in search of support from the 31. ID - which must still hold the banks of the Dnieper. As for the 18. Panzer, it is already engaged in the west, alongside the 45. ID, to defend once again the railroad to Svetlahorsk, of vital importance. Strešyn falls shortly before 11:00, opening one of the access routes to Jlobin.
Purkayev could have stopped there. After all, his 3rd Shock Army had reached its objective for the day and should now simply consolidate its gains while moving as much equipment as possible to the west bank under cover of artillery and VVS, awaiting a new window of progression for tomorrow... Unfortunately for him and his men, he receives around 14:00 a poisonous message from Stalin, transmitted without hesitation by Konev: "Attack more decisively! The Stavka has issued criticisms. The troops of the 2nd Belarusian Front are poorly organized and their leaders lack the necessary stubbornness." By doing so, Konev pretends to motivate his troops by shifting the responsibility for unjust criticism onto others. For who in the Stavka criticizes the 2nd Belarusian Front to the Little Father of the Peoples? Not Vassilevsky, who is busy in Ukraine... There remains Zhukov.
Maksim Purkayev feels compelled to launch his assault from Strešyn, thanks to the support of the tanks of the 52nd and 223rd autonomous Rgt and the 10th Armored Corps.
However, these vehicles arrived in dribs and drabs, on barges bombarded by German guns (but fortunately not by Stukas, required further north), while the Luftwaffe desperately tries to silence the artillery by launching all the Ju 88s available. But opposite, once again, Stalin's Falcons are on the breach - they take down 22 aircraft (including one, perhaps, for Major Ivan Fedorov, and a few for the 15th Flak Division) against "only" 39 losses. The concentration of forces is good!
Faced with this new unexpected impetuous assault, the 31. and 34. ID retreat in disorder. For its part, the XXV. AK cannot send any reinforcement to them, because it must already hold a part of the lines of the XIII. AK - the latter is engaged both in Kirawsk and on the banks of the Drut, to repel a scramble launched without support by the 2nd Guards in the direction of Ushi. Obviously, Govorov also received the message from Konev! Finally, due to the lack of other unit available, the 18. Panzer must be urgently recalled to defend the approach south of Jlobin alongside the 52. ID, leaving the 45. ID to hold the railroad on its own - this division also withdraws to defend the approaches to
Svetlahorsk. The XII. AK is thus split up and withdraws now towards Jlobin or Svetlahorsk, abandoning a large strip of land which goes until Solenyy or Paporotnik - that is to say in all 12 kilometers of practicable banks!
In the evening, against all expectations, the Russians have broken through defenses that they imagined formidable... but which were not, because of a lack of troops. They seem now strong intheir turn - but in truth, they are just as fragile as their adversaries the day before. Maksim Purkayev as well as Ivan Konev know that tomorrow is likely to be decisive and it is necessary to protect oneself as soon as possible from an inevitable backlash.
........
"It seemed that it was possible to do worse than Gomel. Worse because this time, everything seemed to me to be in a hurry, rushed... improvised in fact: obviously, nobody had foreseen the way things were going to happen.
However, the morning had started like the day before: shooting on fixed positions and anxious observations of the passing planes. Everything changed, however, at the time of the lunch break, which we never took, and we were ordered to move as quickly as possible to the shore, to board a barge that was waiting. Waiting, waiting... It was quickly said!
In fact, we were the ones waiting for the boat to arrive. And with several of us, moreover, because apparently the order had not been given to our only Pobieda! We were thus a full platoon lined up on the shore, with Sasha's T-34 not far from us, forming without doubt, seen from the sky, a very very beautiful target. With phlegm, Andrei went straight out on the back deck to light a cigarette to look at the landscape! "We might as well enjoy the show, anyway, we won't have time to run away if a plane comes at us... ". And he was right - we all ended up doing the same...
In the grey and changing sky, a deadly ballet was taking place, punctuated by the percussion of the artillery, the violins of the engines and the cymbals of the small arms fire. From time to time, as if taken down from the sky, a dancer twirled and descended for a final dive to the ground, without always seeing the impact or a parachute... I could even observe an aircraft falling like a dead leaf, slowly, without anyone being able to escape*.
And I thought that aviation was a weapon of the bourgeoisie - it seems that they suffer just as much as we do, in fact! So you have to learn.
While we are contemplating the battle, the shooting continues - moving away a little to the north, but not enough for our taste. An impact about thirty meters to our right raises a geyser of mud that drenches the whole group, bringing us back to our condition. Fortunately, the ferry arrives just at this moment, announcing itself with a big noise of horn. Its crew wants probably wants us to embark very quickly. This is done - but then, how slow it is! We probably take twenty minutes or so to cross - an eternity. By what miracle no shells hit us, I can't say...
And as soon as we are on the ground, Gomel's merry-go-round starts again - this time among the fields and thickets. I have the impression that Sasha is following us with his machine... Can you blame him?" (Evgeny Bessonov, op. cit.)

Heeresgruppe Mitte HQ (Minsk) - Rommel returns to his HQ at 16:00, as soon as the rout of the 29th Army began. He is delighted to have had a long discussion on the road to the airfield with Herr Berndt about the nature of the battle of Kirawsk - which is bound to be a victory.
"Observe, then, my dear, how, unlike some presumptuous people who launch their armor forward without knowing where it will lead them, our troops have aimed here at an objective that is realistic and achievable within a limited period of time: the destruction of the enemy forces that were threatening Babrouïsk. This victory will of course not be decisive for the campaign - but that is not the point. Nowhere did I write that battles were won on a single sword stroke. We must think more broadly, defining how to reduce to nothing the possibility of the opponent seizing the initiative. To take him by speed, forcing him to react to our actions, imposing our rhythm in short. Just as we did in the past in Poland or France. It was very successful for us at the time...".
On arriving at his office, however, the Fox is greeted by the unpleasant news from Jlobin, which resounds like a false note on the timpani in the fanfare of his triumph.
So what to do? Drop the ball to defend Jlobin? Or digest the Kirawsk pocket, complete his victory and then return to this city? Finally, considering that one good have is better than two would have, Rommel decides to finish the job in the north before moving his forces south. As long as his troops still hold Jlobin and Svetlahorsk, it is all right. The rest is made up of swamps or plains that can easily recaptured, if necessary. The field marshal chose to outbid us, stubbornly refusing to let go of his prey. Like another marshal in Moscow, though for very different reasons...

Moscow - Passing in silence the events of Kirawsk - it would be futile to communicate on a simple tactical setback - Radio-Moscow prefers to evoke at length "the heroic crossing of the Dnieper by General Konev's forces, which have already pushed the enemy to the outskirts of Jlobin. No more than mud or fascist scum, the blue waters of the rivers cannot stop the Red Army of Workers and Peasants." Strangely enough, this is one of the first times that the communist regime honors Ivan Konev in this way. As for the color of the Dnieper's waters, it is, to say the least, changeable, and even subject to discussion.
.........
Berlin - The Reich, for its part, announces a "New triumph of Marshal Rommel and the glorious Wehrmacht! A large Bolshevik force has been surrounded in the plains east of Babruysk and will soon be destroyed. Elsewhere in White Ruthenia, our forces continue to defend effectively wherever necessary, contrary to the claims of the lies of the enemy." One will appreciate the subtle nuance, intended to prepare perhaps the (necessarily temporary) loss of localities around Jlobin - but in no case of the city itself...

Operations Kutusov and Rumyantsev
Ukraine
- Sunny day on the battlefield. While in Moscow, Marshal Zhukov is bitterly confronted with schemes and ambitions, the Red Army Fronts continue their assaults.
.........
Kutousov - Recurrence?
Ovroutch and Mozyr
sectors - Here, the event of the day is the transfer of the 64th Army from the 3rd Ukrainian Front to the 3rd Belorussian Front. This transfer - inevitable in view of the position of this formation - was anticipated. In return, Vatutin asks for control of the 60th Army, which is in the process of breaking through and could probably mount a combined action with the 8th Guards Army to form a pincer north of Olevsk - in this case, the 3rd Belorussian Front would simply hold the flank at Mozyr and then push on...
All this is a bit easy - even for a court animal like Vatutin. And Malinovsky prefers, all things considered, to postpone the whole exchange - for reasons of pride, it is true, but also a little bit of efficiency - until a future arbitration. We wait for Zhukov to act in the north... Which is not very serious - the sector has little strategic importance.
.........
Olevsk sector - Not since Zitadelle have we seen this! On the road to Olevsk and in the woods east of Zubkovychi, four armies and five Soviet armored corps, finally more or less coordinated, continue against all odds to make their waves of assaults against the German lines. Far from the simple "suicidal tide" evoked later with contempt by the memoirs of many German generals, the Red Army does not give up the maneuver here - it simply clears the space necessary for its execution. And the method, however costly it may be, is beginning to bear fruit.
Indeed, in the north, the 3rd Belorussian Front obtains its first results: leaving the 44th Army and its two armored corps to continue to push back the fascists towards the west, Rodion Malinovsky ordered the 60th Army (I.G. Kreyzer) to turn north, in order to threaten the Olevsk-Mozyr road. And it succeeds quite well, despite the terrible terrain, pushing back the 38. ID (Friedrich-Georg Eberhardt) a little further towards the woods and marshes of Pripyat. Meanwhile, the "main" front gains another 4 kilometers at the cost of the worst losses, and approaches Derzhanivka after a hideous fight in the woods, where the trunks shredded by artillery fire or broken by the armor draw a landscape of nightmare.
In the south, the 3rd Ukrainian Front of Nikolai Vatutin progressed a little less - as much because of the worse terrain as well as the inexorable wear and tear of its forces, already inferior in number to Malinovsky's. But he also benefits from the departure towards the south of the III. PzK of Werner Kempf - which must return to defend its original army - to scratch 5 kilometers in the direction of Rudnya-Invanivs'ka. Mikhail Potapov's 5th Army advances, still reinforced by the 2nd and 4th Guards Armored Corps, which still hopes to force the junction between the 3. Panzer Army and the 6. Army. For the moment, the efforts of Rybalko and Bogdanov remain in vain - Walther Model has brought up the XLVII. PanzerKorps from Yemiltchyne to block their way. Nevertheless, all his armored units are more or less engaged, and now that the III. PzK is gone, which will allow the 3. PanzerArmee to get out of this fight of attrition as before in front of Korosten, if by any chance it becomes necessary again? In short, which of the two opponents will break for good first?
.........
Yemiltchyne sector - Here, the Soviet forces are recovering from their uppercut of the previous day.
The 4th Shock Army is relatively quiet for the day, occupying the positions abandoned the day before in the vicinity of Zdorovets and in the woods north of Ruden'ka, facing an XLIV. ArmeeKorps which avoids itself the contact - Schreder's "aviators" who were supposed to support him obviously withdrew after quite heavy losses. This delaying tactic allows the 11th CB to collect its debris, before withdrawing towards Simakivka. Alexeiev's formation is out of action ... for a while.
In the south, the 37th Army of Vasily Chuikov returned to its wait-and-see attitude - for lack of another possibility, it is content to hold the road Novohrad-Volynskyi - Korosten. Yesterday's fights did not produce anything, everything has to be redone.
.........
Novohrad-Volynskyi sector - Slow resumption of fighting in the martyred city, while the 5th Shock Army is attacking again with ever-decreasing means. It now controls 70% of the city's ruins, as well as a strip of land about 15 km long and 5 km wide. Perhaps most importantly, with the 5th GAC Zhitomir, it sets the equivalent of a German army corps, reinforced with a mechanized division and a battalion of self-propelled guns. This is a lot... especially for a ravaged sector whose own interest is hardly obvious. "If the Heer wanted to give me the means to do so, I could push the Reds back to the east", Erich Brandenberger undoubtedly thinks. But then, the 6. Armee is no more of a priority than during the Zitadelle - and the Bavarian has to be satisfied to lose more men in a fight which is useless, except to hold the hinge which will allow a PanzerKorps to go back down south soon.

Roumiantsev - Back into play
Zhitomir sector
- The Wehrmacht finishes holding on to its small piece of land north of the Sheika. The 223. ID and 304. ID cross the river to entrench themselves behind it, at Vyla and Vysoka Pich. These two units of the LIX. AK can be satisfied - for three days they have been stopping, without reinforcements and with very little support, the advance of a Soviet army! Nevertheless - and even if Kurt von der Chevallerie is careful not to admit it to his subordinates - their uncertain situation on the flank of the 8. Armee makes superfluous, if not dangerous, an additional effort. It is better to retreat serenely to a terrain even more favorable to the defense... This will allow, in addition, to reinforce the junction with the 331. ID (Karl-Ludwig Rhein), i.e. with the 6. Armee. Indeed, the 331. ID is itself dangerously stretched, although well entrenched on the Tnya. Forty kilometers of front to hold... but less than 10 kilometers between the two rivers - fortunately the defenders have many advantages in this sector!
.........
Berdichev sector - 4th Guards Army continues to try to force the road to Chudniv, with a persistence that commands respect. P'yatka falls - once again... - but at such a high cost that Ivan Muzychenko cannot continue immediately. Only one consolation: on the other side, the German forces are themselves very worn out by the fighting and are not in a position to counterattack. The 125. ID has to withdraw 6 kilometers towards Turchynivka, while trying to maintain the connection on its flanks.
This is not too difficult today. Further south, the 1st Armored Corps gave up trying to break through along the Berdichev-Polonne railroad - at least for the moment. Porfiry Chanchibadze seems to be biding his time, content to support the infantry while, on his left, the SS maneuver.
Indeed, following the "suggestion" of Manstein, the II. SS-PanzerKorps itself starts to slide southwards. After having wiped out the 5th Guards Army, and having noted the anaemia of the 26th Army as well as the 1st Armored Guards Corps, Paul Hausser now feels quite strong enough (but could he do otherwise?) to let the only 9. SS-PzrGr Hohenstaufen defend the road to Staryi Lyubar in support of the XXVII. AK (Karl Burdach). Wilhelm Bittrich, who commands the 9. SS-PzrGr, is known to be ruthless, and he has all the trust of Hausser. This means that the Reich believes it has nothing to fear here.
The 3. SS-PzrGr Totenkopf (Theodor Eicke) thus shifts about fifteen kilometers to the south, in order to take over from the 10. SS-PzrGr Frundsberg, under the eyes of the Red Army: this kind of rock does not escape the VVS. But the 9th Guards Army, still disorganized by its adventures of the day before, cannot oppose the maneuver - it only succeeds in delaying the maneuver, at the cost of about fifty tanks of the 4th Armored Corps, which Andrei Kravchenko sends to the slaughterhouse...
.........
Khmilnyk sector - The maneuver of the "Death's Heads" allows Lothar Debes' Frundsberg to descend 20 kilometers to the south, around 14:00. The 10. SS-PzrGr can then join the Panzergrenadier Grossdeutschland to strike the flank of the 3rd Army, which continues to march westward to Staryi Lyubar.
Indeed, this becomes urgent: even if the Red Army lacks - locally! - infantry to hold the vastness of the Ukrainian plain, the IX. AK is really no longer in a position to
to stop it alone... In addition, a little further north, despite the efforts of 311. StuG just arrived, the 5th Armored Corps continues to advance; it is only 15 kilometers from the HQ of the 8. Armee!
The counter-offensive begins with a bang, and all the power of the Luftwaffe is behind it - or rather, all the power that the Luftwaffe can still provide tries to support it. For the impetuous ride of the troops of Shumilov and Krivoshein is carefully followed in Kiev. And for Konstantin Rokossovsky, it seems now obvious that it is in the south - on this side, therefore - that Rumyantsev has his main chance to succeed. Perhaps by going back north to encircle the 8. Armee, perhaps by rushing westwards to dislocate the link that von Arnim is trying hard to maintain between his 2. PanzerArmee and the 8. Armee. Alas, the Red Army does not have many reserves available in the area - so many men have died during Zitadelle... Only the 2nd Cavalry Corps and the 1st Guards Cavalry Corps (ex-Odessa) are both close enough and available. They are going up to the front. While waiting for their arrival, it is up to the VVS to compensate this temporary weakness by drowning the fascist invader under a flood of red stars.
Also, when Luftflotte 4 - already well engaged above Jlobin! - sends its Stukas and its Bf 110 on the Khmilnyk front, these have the unpleasant surprise to be assaulted by all the fighters of the 16th Air Force - except those covering the Sturmoviks attacking the Heer. Sergei Rudenko has his instructions and they are very clear: nothing must approach the Russian vanguards, whether it flies, rolls or walks!
Torn between the calls for help from the ground support planes and the panzers, the Bf 109 of the JG 52 don't know where to put their propellers and a savage aerial battle developson both sides of the front. One of the German pilots spoke in his memories of "the impression of going through a hailstorm. There is not much to do but to rush towards the enemy masses and strafe anything that passes by, praying that our 109 wouldn't take a piece of misplaced metal. The old ones were still able to get back up in a candle before diving again - that often allowed them to disrupt an entire Soviet assault - but we were not at all happy. My Rotte leader literally exploded in front of me and I was left alone - the worst thing about this kind of fight! Then I remembered my instructor's words. In combat, if you are isolated, turn, turn, turn, turn! Nose up, nose down...I stopped trying to figure it out and even looked in my rearview mirror - there were Reds everywhere anyway. Finally, I found myself alone and lost above the steppe, at ground level, not really knowing where I was, legs shaking and the suit transformed into a portable sauna. And there, by the time to come to my senses, my engine failed me - dry run. I must have taken a blow in the tank, or I had been too greedy by maneuvering at full throttle... That was the end of my first großer Schlag - a plane lying in the meadow, me haggard by the side, my leader dead and not even a victory." In spite of everything, this lucky pilot was picked up by a panzergrenadier patrol.
Finally, the Luftwaffe is unable to protect its bombers, which lost 27 of their own and were unable to influence the battle on the ground. As usual, the Experten take most of the most of the 42 victories of the German fighters. Thus, Erich Hartmann wins no less than 5 stars and puts his score 93 victims thanks to the technique taught by his mentor**: shoot at very short range to save ammunition. On the other hand, Stalin's Falcons destroy 13 fighters. The Jagdwaffe also fields some... exotic pilots, such as those of the 15. Staffel (Kroat)/JG 52, which obtains 6 victories, including one for the nadporucnik Cvitan Galic - but the participation of the "Croatian legionnaires" appears quite anecdotal in this mass confrontation.
On the ground, the Frundsberg and Grossdeutschland hit the 3rd Army with force. However, due to a lack of air support, they do not threaten to encircle immediately and Shumilov can redeploy his troops to face the enemy. He even allows himself the luxury to send motorized elements to the west, as lost children, in order to sow chaos! In the evening, the Germans are in Zdhanivka and face a 3rd Army that has fallen back to the south, reconcentrates to face them and maintains its connection with Khmilnyk, where the two corps cavalry corps will arrive tonight. As for the 5th Armored Corps, it has turned around and is now charging eastward, threatening the SS rear with a counter-encirclement maneuver.
HG NordUkraine is thus very far from having settled the situation - especially since during this the rest of the 1st Ukrainian Front will not remain inactive!
.........
2nd Ukrainian Front sector - The 16th Armored Corps (A.I. Getman) and the 2nd Shock Army (K.N. Galitsky) finally approach Jmerynka, still defended by the IV. ArmeeKorps of Erwin Jaenecke and more particularly by the 296. ID (Arthur Kullmer) - which had plenty of time to dig in. Once again, the forces of the 2nd Ukrainian Front show a good-natured caution, directly linked to their limited means as well as to the lack of real interest of their objectives - these two formations advance in measured steps, coordinating with the 59th Army (I.T. Korovnikov), which comes from the north.
This caution is not shared by the 10th Army, which continues to rush towards Bar, via Shypynky. The arrival on its way of the 23. Panzer is noticed by the VVS, but Golikov chose to ignore it. While maintaining the 3rd Corps - although it is supposed to operate and support him - in a simple role of guard, he still advances in defiance of losses and fatigue. In front of him, the XLIX. ArmeeKorps (Rudolf Konrad) retreats in good order while bleeding his troops... but that does not seem to matter !

* It is probably a flat spin, almost always fatal because the pilot is trapped in his seat by the centrifugal force.
** "Der Graf” Walter Krupinski (92 victories at that date)
 
14/09/43 - Mediterranean, Liberation of Vlöre
September 14th, 1943

Italian campaign
Italian front
- The activity on the front is practically nil, while in Turin, the revolt is quelled but the massacres continue [see Occupied Countries].

Greek campaign
Operation Presage
The ascent of the spahis
Ersekë road
- After negotiating many curves and sweeping through improvised obstacles, the plain and a first town appear to the Tunisians. Korçë is not really defended, but the spahis are cautious. The agglomeration will only be considered as secure until the evening. The few defenders and collaborators had time to slip away.

The Polish and Czech ride
Southern Albania
- Maczek's SAV-42s attack Utz's Jägers in an electric atmosphere reminiscent of Operation Whirlwind. In fact, in this area the valley is less than 300 meters wide, including the Osmun riverbed.
This means that there is no better terrain to defend.
After several attempts in the narrow streets of the villages of Mangalem and Gorica, the tanks resign themselves to a halt, the time for the soldiers of General Bohusz-Szyszko to climb the eastern flank of Berat Castle. The Jägers try to hold on to the fortress, but since the 14th century, the position has lost its superbness: the artillery quickly forces the Germans to leave the walls. At about 12:15, the red and white flag flies on the citadel.
Fearing to be turned, the StuGs do not insist and withdraw a few kilometers north, in the agricultural plain of Lapardha, which leads to Kuçovë. The Sturmgeschütz find a terrain particularly suitable for ambush warfare. Only two bad roads lead to the allied objective. On these roads, the StuGs operate a slow reverse, their 7.5 cm KwK 40s ready to strike down any opponent foolish enough to try to catch up. But the disproportion of the forces makes the outcome of the fight inevitable: the Germans retreat serenely, methodically, slowly, but they retreat.
In the evening, the Poles are only halfway to Ura Vajgurore. They have only advanced a few kilometres. And this with air support - much weaker, it is true, than Anders had hoped. for. Indeed, the RAF planes are held up elsewhere. But all that is of little importance: the 100. Jäger has just received orders from Tirana to retreat. The Slavs are victorious, but this victory cost them the day. It was the wish of General Felmy, whose Kübelwagen is now driving as fast as the roads allow in the direction of Shkodër. In the evening, the German troops evacuate Tirana.
During the night, StuG and Jägers withdraw. They will not be caught up by the Allies, who will very quickly face other constraints. Nevertheless, the very good performance of Willibald Utz's men shows that Albania could easily have been defended by the Wehrmacht... if it had had the means. A lost day for the Poles, to Anders' great annoyance.
It is much easier for Alois Liška's Czechs and the French legionnaires to liberate the towns of Fier and Vlöre. The men of the 3rd Armored Battalion raise their flag on the church of Marmiroi: a red flag (but certainly not communist!) decorated with branches, which testifies to the fundraising of the Czechoslovak National Committee in France a long time ago. The flag bears the words Ceskoslovensky Narodni Vybor Ve Francii.
Once the port was secured, it was clear that the Germans did not have the opportunity to do too much damage. But the Allied command cannot hide its disappointment. Indeed, the port facilities, on a single roadstead and a large sheltered beach, are largely obsolete. In addition, the city of Vlöre is far from the front and the communication lines are very poor.

Tirana - September 14th should have seen, according to the wishes of those involved, the inauguration of the government led by Cafo Beg Ulqini. But the rapid - and irreversible - evolution of the situation of the German forces forced the collaborators to follow the movement towards Montenegro. The members of the "High Council" go into exile, with many Ballists and ex-future members of the National Assembly. For the majority, they will never return there.
.........
"The Council of High-Regency, Albanian political organization constituted with great difficulty by the services of Joachim von Ribbentrop, never had the opportunity to exercise power, given the rapid liberation of Albania and the political chaos that followed. Its members joined their masters in Austria - the Reich Chancellery will always refuse to receive Muslims on German soil, apart from the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem. The members of the RHC had different fates afterwards.
- Ibrahim Biçakun, from Elbasan, decided to return after the war to Albanian territory, only to be arrested by the forces of the communist government and sentenced to life imprisonment. He was finally pardoned and appointed janitor of a public toilet in his native town, where he ended his life.
- Bedri Pejani tried until the end of the conflict to convince the Germans to form an Albanian army, which he estimated at 120,000 men - something that Berlin considered demographically impossible, and became even more so after the liberation of most of the country in September 1943. Captured by the Titist partisans in early 1944, he died in Prizren hospital, possibly poisoned.
- Xhafer Deva joined the anti-communist forces in exile after the takeover by the party led by Enver Hoxha, which had taken advantage of the lack of organization of all other political forces. From Austria to the United States via Italy, he led the Third League of Prizren and played an active role in the opposition to the government of the People's Republic of Albania, while maintaining unclear links with the CIA. He died in 1978 in Calaveras County, California.
- Finally, Cafo Beg Ulqini, captured by the communists in 1944, managed against all odds to escape the death penalty. He was even released in the 1950s and led a mundane life until his death in Shkodër in 1977. On April 16th, 2016, this patented collaborator was officially rehabilitated and named Knight of the Order of Skanderbeg by President Bujar Nishani, who was doing his most nationalist wing a favour. Proof that the many Balkan conflicts are unfortunately still unresolved today. (Robert Stan Pratsky - Dictionary of the Second World War in the Mediterranean, reprint supplemented, Flammarion, 2017)
.........
On the other side of the complex Albanian political chessboard, the various more or less resistant movements observe with joy the long hoped-for escape of the occupiers. But the Germans and their party followers, Legaliteli, communists and non-pro-German ballists look at each other like crocodiles stuck in a too small pond. All it would take is a spark to trigger a civil war that many secretly call for, while the capital has not even been liberated yet.
In the night, a rumor travels through the camps: King Zog (Ahmet Muhtar Zogolli) is going to return from England to regain power. It is obviously a gossip peddled to harm the Legaliteli and their SOE allies, but it triggers mob movements towards Koçaj and Cërrik. The few British and the two or three Frenchmen present in the maquis alert Athens: in addition to legitimate fears for their own safety, riots are possible in the days to come. How far can they go? It is impossible to know.
The information is transmitted to Audet, who turns to Anders - who treats this data with contempt, as a good military man far from political contingencies. Either these Partisans help us, or they keep quiet! Simple, isn't it?

Macedonia - In the evening, the 1. Gebirgs-Division arrives in the city of Bitola - well out of reach of the Greeks of the 1st Army Corps. About twenty kilometers away, the 187. ID and the 92. Grenadier Rgt, mostly marching at night, follow the movement northwards. They reach Vevi in the evening. The Germans are accompanied by their Bulgarian prisoners - at least the officers and enlisted men, the mobilized having been asked to return to Bulgaria by their own means.
Finally, a little before midnight, Braun's 4. Gebirgs-Division withdraws slowly towards Aminteo. At the same time, the 3. Gebirgs crosses the Albanian border at Krystallopygi.

Siege of Salonika
Salonika (eastern sector)
- Following the fierce fight of the previous day, the 17th Brigade is the only unit of the 6th Division to move significantly today. Having moved a kilometer, the Australians finally join the 51st Infantry Division at Agios Pavlos, after six days of effort. The junction takes place two hundred meters from the zoological park - which was ravaged and emptied of its animals. In this place stands today the "Theater of the Forest and the Concord".
"In the morning, everyone's mood was very gloomy. A walk in the pinewoods was going to clear our minds. The Krauts had deserted the heights, certain to be annihilated in case of obstinate resistance as the day before. Nature had regained its rights: birds and plants abounded in this area so rich and yet so mistreated by Man. Finally, the long-awaited deliverance came at the turn of a valley: the British of the 51st Division.
We found a well-known Welshman, Nigel Nickinson, with whom Marvin had had a run-in with some time earlier. Our reunion was touching. Even his former adversary who said to him a joyful "We did it!" And the interested party replied without warmth, "Yeah, yeah, we're having a party, let's hug it out! The XIII Corps must have suffered many losses
The XIII Corps must have suffered many losses in the conquest of the heights. Then the question came, cruel and yet innocent: "I don't see Carmine and Roger?" I answered that Roger was going back home, but that one of his legs remained here. I said nothing about Carmine, that was enough for Nigel to understand
." (H.C. Goldsmith, op. cit.)
In the evening, the first elements of the 51st enter the center of Thessaloniki, just a week behind schedule for Tower. But the port itself is far from being taken. While the fighting lulls, the night takes on an unreal, even dreamlike character, offering the spectacle of brave Tommies progressing between oriental style buildings, glorious relics of the Ottoman Empire.

Salonika (western sector) - Freyberg's 2nd New-Zealand Division does not remain idle.
Australians and British have paid a high price in the last few days and the Kiwis will not be outdone. They attack the Evosmos district, where bad memories await them...but nothing else, apart from the usual traps - which does not make them reckless, because in Thessaloniki we are now used to surprises in bad taste. The few civilians we met are however categorical: the Germans have very few soldiers in this sector.

Salonika (center) - The 97. Jäger is now with its back to the port, stuck in a rectangle of five kilometers by two, and without much possibility to maneuver out of sight of the Allies. General Müller thus chooses to return to the strategy that had been successful in early September: not to cling to the ground and to retreat while trying to bleed the opponent to disgust him and dissuade him from continuing his advance.
The man is no less lucid on his situation than the day before, but he has regained his colors and his mind is now serene. He now thinks he can last a week at most. At noon, he had his troops read an order of the day with grandiloquent and funereal accents: "Dear comrades! After almost two weeks, the Festung Salonik still stands! After so many assaults, facing an enemy far superior in numbers, but not in quality, the 97. Jäger is still standing! It proves to the world the valour of the German race. Reinforcements will arrive one day day - perhaps I will no longer be here to welcome them, perhaps you will no longer be here to congratulate them. But whatever happens, our resistance will remain in the history of the Reich, and I have no greater pride than to be your commander. Sieg Heil and long live the Führer!" This statement will be widely disseminated in Germany by the services of Herr Goebbels, who saw in it a golden opportunity to praise the superhuman bravery of the Reich's troops. As for the Supreme Leader, he welcomes the news with satisfaction - it is precisely this attitude that he expects from his generals - but will not send reinforcements.
It should be noted that General Müller's order of the day makes no mention of the Kampfgruppe Müller. This does not offend him - in fact, he does not care - but the colonel is less and less pleased with his superior's increasingly contemptuous attitude towards him.
Thus, when he comes to make his report on the security situation of the Festung in the cellar that serves as the general's headquarters, he finds him in conference with Oberst Friedrich Höhne and Friedrich-Wilhelm (leaders of the 204. and 207. Jäger Rgt). And Friedrich-Wilheim Müller is rejected without mercy!
However, the inevitable reduction of the Festung did not make his task any easier, quite the contrary.
The impending defeat greatly increased his difficulties, due to the agitation of the population - always ready to revolt - and the indiscipline in the ranks of the KG and the police.
But Ludwig Müller obviously does not want to know about all this, as he is concerned about the place he would leave in military history. "I'll have warned him," growls the colonel, lighting one of his last cigarettes. "It doesn't really concern me anymore, anyway!" he adds. And the too famous Müller, who is likely to remain more famous than his boss, leaves alone, leaving the HQ in the darkness of his cellar. He will never come back.
On his way back to his quarters, his aide-de-camp announces the death of one of the two captains of the Kampfgruppe, murdered by deserters who had been shot. Contemplating the mortal remains of his accomplice, the colonel will have these words for any funeral oration: "My dear Bruno, I may not have done you a favor by taking you out of prison...". But from that moment on, he seems to think much more about his own destiny.

Bulgarian affair
Pernik region (1st Army sector)
- On the ground, everything is quiet. The Bulgarians and the Germans are waiting for reinforcements. Nevertheless, while the sun is at its zenith, the noise of numerous engines invades the sky: they are Boston of the 232nd, 234th and 235th Wings, covered by the Spitfires of the 239th Wing.
In fact, if Montgomery still does not believe in the future of the Bulgarian coup d'état, this diversion is a good opportunity to weaken somewhat the German armored units. The Panzer Rgt offers the ideal opportunity: the vehicles are at rest, without fighter cover. The bombers attack without any other opposition than that of the regimental flak, destroying about thirty armored vehicles (of which a dozen will be repaired) and setting fire to several dozens of trucks (which will be more difficult to repair).
From their positions, the Bulgarians observe with joy the fireworks, applauding and whistling at the passage of some Spitfires which fly over them in low level. When the planes
leave, the soldiers of the 1st Army are transported with joy: the hoped help is there!
However, if you look closely, the bombing is not a triumph: the German losses are painful, but do not upset the balance of power. Moreover, in the absence of any relay on the ground, the raid was organized late, and the panzers had nearly twenty-four hours to deploy in positions that were not very exposed. It is obvious that the RAF could not provide the tactical support to the Bulgarians that it guarantees today to the allied units.
Moreover, the bombardment has notably irritated the Oberst Baron von Holtey, who transmits a report to his superior in which he asserts his urgent need for air cover and the need to satisfy the "rebels", who obviously want to fight. It is no longer time to negotiate!

Ihtiman Region (4th Army) - Considering the information transmitted by the 1st Army, Major-General Atanasov Stefanov made his decision. Convinced of the imminent defeat of his colleague's forces, he gives discreet instructions to prepare the embarkation of the maximum of materials and personnel in all the motorized means available (including civilian means, which he ordered to be requisitioned). These distract the men from the defense of their units, but Stefanov does not intend to hold on to the ground.
As soon as the rout starts, he will rush to Salonika with his army before the road is blocked. His honor as a soldier would seem to command him to stay - but to serve BBulgaria, it is not to be killed on the spot, but to prepare the future as... yes, as the French did three years ago. General Atanase Stefanov, head of the Bulgarian armed forces in exile, that would sound rather good!
The Regent and his government will just have to join him. If they are at all lucid, this is surely what they have planned. Once he and his troops are in the allied lines, Stefanov will have the necessary weight to impose himself as a recourse. The French example, shows that a brigadier general can aspire to the highest political office, think about a major-general!
Meanwhile, the 19. PanzerGrenadierDivision is in Samoranovo, on a collision course with the 4th Army.

Southern Bulgaria - Troops of the 2nd Army rallied to the Germans enter the town of Serres at the end of the day. General Nikola Ivanov Grozdanov and his 7th Infantry Division do not put up resistance. Moreover, technically speaking, they do nothing but obey a superior. However, the unit is disarmed and temporarily interned in the city: the Germans prefer to do this, at least until the end of the "troubles".

Sofia - The news of the intervention of the Allied air force is received with emotion by regent Kyril of Preslav, who sees it as the first sign of the success of his strategy. He plans to launch a new appeal to the Allies the next day to renew and increase their support - as they did in Italy. "This air raid must be a precursor to something bigger, right?" he says to his Prime Minister.
However, and with the agreement of Muraviev, who can only approve of an increase in prudence, the Russian big brother is also solicited, who would risk being offended by being kept out of the picture. Why would not his marines land on the Black Sea coast, given the obvious weakness of the Germans? Tonight, everything seems possible in Sofia, and the clouds that were blocking the future seem to be moving away somewhat.

On the air - "Der Chef", despite its obvious excesses, is much more lucid on the situation and addresses virulent threats to the insurgents, who have already spilled Aryan blood twice. "Jewish and capitalist planes will not prevent the panzers from rolling over the corpses of the degenerate Slavs, any more than they have succeeded in stopping the glorious sons of Germany in their triumphal march to the shores of the Mediterranean. It will take much more than that to defeat the thousand-year-old Reich." It could not be better said. Let us note, however, that Neue Europa succeeds in evoking the Mediterranean coast, the German-controlled part of which has become much smaller in recent days.

Alger - Professor Adélard receives from England photographs showing a new type of site, supposed to be a launching pad of V1, code name of the flying bomb Fi 103, on which one begins to have information, via the Resistance in Poland and in France.
A launch site consists of a ramp of about 45 m, several hangars of a similar size but with a characteristic shape of ski seen from above, and other buildings. If for the moment, nothing makes it possible to think that what was built in Italy is identical, it is urgent to make pass these pictures to the different photographic SR and to launch missions of recognition.
 
14/09/43 - France
September 14th, 1943

Provence
Liberation
- In the Camargue, along the coast, the Rangers resume their advance. The 3rd Btn, thanks to its LVTs and DUKWs, is able to mount an assault in great style across the pond of Monro Pond, clearing the way for the 4th Btn. The 1st Rangers shift to the south and now arrive in sight of Saintes-Maries de la Mer, whose defenses had been seriously damaged for two months by Dragon Eggs raids and various naval bombardments. The losses are not as high as the Americans feared, as the Germans are falling back. The grenadiers of the 759. Rgt only control a strip of land a few kilometers east of the Petit Rhône and their left wing has to retreat under the pressure of the 53rd RCT, which comes down from the north. At the end of the day, contact is established between the men of the 4th Rangers and those of the 7th US-ID along the western banks of the Vaccarès pond.
In the north of the delta, the 17th RCT leaves Arles to insert itself between the 53rd and the 32nd.
In this sector, the Petit Rhône is now bordered by the 7th US-ID (Bayonet Division). The latter is able to cross its last RCT thanks to the arrival in Arles of the 109th RCT of the 28th ID, accompanied by the 755th Tank Btn. At Port-Saint-Louis du Rhône, the 110th RCT and the 776th TD Btn touch down. And between Arles and Avignon, the 1st US-ID has now completely replaced the paratroopers of the 82nd Airborne, which become an army reserve.
In the north of Vaucluse, the German retreat continues towards the Montélimar gap under the pressure of the 3rd armored division which attacks on the flank. The shortening of their lines allows the Germans to withdraw KG Witt, which passes in second curtain, as well as KG (ex) Tychsen of the Das Reich, which suffered enormously during the breakthrough of Châteaurenard and especially during the retreat, under an entirely allied sky and facing visibly hardened armor.
In this sector, the 2nd US armoured division is still in line, along the Rhône river, on the left of the Tancrémont armoured brigade and the Chasseurs Ardennais. In the very north, the 15th DBLE is inserted between the Touzier du Vigier Brigade of the 3rd armoured division (which is now officially under command of the IIIrd Corps) and the 21st Zouaves, accompanied by the 3rd RSM. But legionnaires and Zouaves begin to come up against newcomers to the front in this sector, who control the northern exits of the Valréas enclave. These are the paratroopers of the 2. Fallschirmjäger Division, which have just arrived from Normandy and were deployed there in order to prevent any passage to the Drôme through the hills.

Alps and French Riviera
Liberation
- In the Alps, while the 27th DA is gradually moving up the line, the 10th DI is redeployed between Rosans and Gap, thus allowing the 3rd ID to join its corps of origin.
It regroups around Remuzat (apart from the 21st Zouaves) for a push towards the north-west in the direction of Dieulefit.
To the east of the unit, the Conquet Brigade of the 4th DMM deploys north of Digne, around La Bléone and the adjoining heights. The other brigade liberates Castellane and reaches the construction site (stopped since 1940) of the Castillon dam.
.........
Südwall - Opposite, to the south, the 148. ID takes advantage of the French reorganization to reposition itself in a coherent way. The 281. Gr Rgt, facing the legionnaires, is posted in front of Séranon on the Napoleon road, preventing any overflow from the north in the back of the division.
The 285. Gr Rgt defends an area in front of a line Seillans-Bagnols en Forêt, while the 286. forbids the slopes of the Esterel, leaving the defense of the coastal road to the last
survivors of the 242. ID.
In the back of the 148. ID stands the 715. ID, now part of the LI. GK. This mountain corps has positioned itself as a collection element.
.........
Liberation - After eight days of combat, the allied staff is aware that, if the landing has been a success, as well as the defeat of the German counter-attack, the men are getting tired. Despite everything, they have to make another effort, especially since Operation Steamer Duck is scheduled to start on D+14, September 20th.
 
15/09/43 - Occupied Countries
September 15th, 1943

An isolated farm, somewhere in Seine-et-Oise
- Jean Larrieu does not like inaction. He really doesn't. Especially since, thanks to Radio Algiers and the BBC, he has electrifying echoes of the D-Day landings and the liberation of the first cities in France. And he plays the ambushes in Seine-et-Oise!
He knew that it was difficult, because it was too uncertain, to plan a transfer on the night of the kidnapping. And since then, all the NEF's henchmen are on the alert. Laval (who must be bored, in the role of vase left to him by Doriot) made a speech that swung between indignant, tearful and threatening. Less funny: several dozen hostages were imprisoned, largely at random, by the various NEF police forces, and their fate is pending. Algiers has issued a statement emphasizing that the killing of hostages was premeditated murder and that the guillotine would await all those who took part, including the most mediocre executors. But none of this concerns Larrieu - fortunately for him, he thinks.
Because of the intensity of the search, the "package" had to be moved twice... But in the last few days, the fighting in Provence has suspended the actions of the occupying forces: the Boche have left the NEF to lament the loss of one of its best elements without providing any more help to search for him... Finally, the day before, the words he was waiting for came from Radio-Alger: "The blue tit is satiated - I repeat - The blue tit is satiated."
In the dead of night, a Lysander lands in a field in the middle of nowhere. In five minutes, a former parliamentarian from Gironde and a Basque commando replace some FMs and ammunition - in the Paris region too, it will soon be time for serious action, Larrieu thinks with a touch of regret.
It is only when flying over the English Channel that Larrieu allows himself to breathe a sigh of relief: it's done! He took a minister of the NEF from his bed to have him judged by a court even before the end of hostilities! He thinks back to what "Morlot" had said after the punch given to Henriot: "What composure! I was going to throw a bullet into his gut! He doesn't deserve that we go to all this trouble!" That's the difference between a professional and a talented amateur, Larrieu thinks to himself, rather pleased with himself.
 
15/09/43 - Asia & Pacific, Battle of Xépôn
September 15th, 1943

Burma Campaign
Air Warfare
Occupied Burma
- Usually, the Belgians of Sqn 342 (B) and 343 (B) operate further south, but today, they take advantage of the Spitfire sweep in the Takanum area to take care of the bridge and facilities. Entering on an unusual axis for the British, they avoid the enemy's fighters.
No aircraft are shot down that day, although clashes take place, especially south of Tavoy, against American P-38s.
At the beginning of the night, Wellingtons bomb the installations and the bridge of Tamarkan. Although the average accuracy is very low, a bomb falls by chance in the middle of the bridge deck, interrupting traffic for several days.

Malaya Campaign
Port Blair, Andaman Islands
- The Americans of the 88th SF leave to join the rest of their Fighter Group on the mainland. Upon arrival, the pilots are shocked to discover the new 80th FG insignia. They immediately nag their mechanics to paint the new insignia on the nose of their aircraft this skull and crossbones, which they hope will soon be as well known as the shark's jaw of the 23rd FG. In Port Blair, although it is agreed that the Yankees are a bit too exuberant, it is recognized that the specialized construction crews that accompanied them did a very good job of turning the poor dirt runway at Digilpur into a real air base.
The Andaman will remain under the sole protection of Sqn 132, as it is this unit that has officially integrated the fighter reinforcements sent in May. The 132 is now made up of about twenty aircraft, mostly Hurricanes, but also a few Spitfires which survived thanks to the cannibalization of wrecks and the last Floatfires. These fighters do not have too much work: apart from a few seaplanes, contacts with the Japanese are rare, due to the air campaigns in Burma.
.........
On the offensive side, on the other hand, Port Blair is entitled to a significant contribution: eight submarines are now officially based there. These are HMS Tally-ho, Tribune, Trespasser, Torbay, Trident, Taurus, Ursula and Una, which operate with the support of the supply ship HMS Medway, returned from the Mediterranean.

Indochina Campaign
The fall of Xépôn
Eastern Laos
- Colonial Route 9 was completed by the French in 1930 (today, officially referred to as Trans-Indochina Route 9 - but even the Vietminh continues to use the name of the road before the joint struggle against the Japanese). Well-graded, the RC 9, or TIR 9, is a major strategic axis linking Savannakhet to the Vietnamese coast. At the Vietnamese border, it crosses the village of Xépôn (or Tchépone, to use the French spelling, also colonial). It is a modest town that is only distinguished by its pagoda and... a bank built in brick.
However, in addition to its strategic position, two things make it precious in the eyes of the Franco-Indochinese.
The first is the military airfield built by the Japanese south of the Se Nam Kok River, only one and a half kilometers northwest of Xépôn. This earthen airfield is the first in the Savannakhet district and the second in all of southern Indochina.
More anecdotally, Xépôn is also the native village of Thao O Anurak, chief of the Lao-Issara for the district. Decided to contradict the tradition that no one is a prophet in his country, Thao O Anurak is anxious that his native village enjoys the benefits of communism. His active approaches to the Vietminh finally paid off: significant resources were committed to liberating the region from the Japanese yoke.
Two "light divisions" of the Vietminh in half strength and numerous Lao Issara volunteers, in all more than eight thousand men. In addition to their individual weapons, they are armed with machine guns and 65 mm Italian cannons. When asked, the Armee de l'Air promise several waves of bombers and fighter cover.
The Vietminh battle plan is neat. As a prelude, a commando operation is planned to seize the three-arched bridge that allowed RC 9 to cross the Banghian at the point where the Xépôn River joins it. The Japanese has mined the bridge and it was imperative to take it intact. At the same time, three to four hundred men have to seize the outpost that the Japanese had built a few kilometers from the Vietnamese border.
.........
Bridge over the Banghian, 04:00 - It rained on the wild scenery of the high hills of Laos. The bridge silhouettes itself in black on the phosphorescent water. On the left bank, a recent building, topped by a flagpole from which hangs a soaked flag, serves as a kangaroo for the Japanese soldiers in charge of guarding the place. At both ends of the bridge, two low walls of staggered sandbags block the deck; to pass, one must zigzag between them. Each barrier is decorated with a mobile barrier guarded by a sentry sheltered in a guardhouse. More dissuasive, no doubt, is a type 99 machine gun installed with its two servants in the shelter of the sandbags. Finally, on the bridge itself, two men in raincoats are pacing back and forth. The light of some lanterns makes the brown leather of the belt and the attachment of the bayonet holder. In all, eight men, but drowsy and not very attentive. In the middle of the bridge, a box shelters the trigger of the destruction charges...
The night is torn apart by gunfire. A mortar thunders. A shell falls near one end of the bridge, the explosion covers the sentries with dust and stones, one of the soldiers puts his hands and falls to the ground in a pool of blood. Shouts of alarm, shooting in the darkness... Three men posted under the bridge deck take advantage of the panic, they throw
grappling hooks, climbing... For the stunned sentries, they seem to emerge from the darkness.
Shots cross paths. A Japanese man shoots his opponent but, hit in the stomach, already dead, the Vietnamese had the reflex to empty his Thompson into his enemy's chest. The two other Vietminh are unharmed. While one of them eliminates the second sentry, the other one cuts the electrical wires with shears. With the threat of an explosion removed, he blows a whistle with all his strength.
It is the hallali. Other Vietnamese rush in. The Japanese who came out of their barracks take only a few steps before collapsing under a hail of bullets. The two barricades are attacked with grenades and the two FMs fall silent.
Silence suddenly falls... Incredulous, the men look around them, but there were only dead bodies and dying men. A Vietminh rushes to the roof of the small building and rips the Hino Maru flag from the mast. Cries of joy resound in the night. The confrontation did not last ten minutes.
.........
Outpost LA-9, 06:00 - The garrison named its outpost LA-9, because it is located where RC 9 crosses the border between Laos and Annam. Usually, this is a quiet place. The traffic is limited to a caravan of Chinese merchants who make back and forth between Vietnam and Laos every week. They are obsequious people - and terrified - that the soldiers have fun to push around. One has to have some fun! But one quickly gets tired of these lousy traders from whom one can only extort a miserable bribe.
Tonight, however, the Japanese of the LA-9 will have something to distract them.
It all starts with distant shots at 04:00, lasting about ten minutes. En Toshiro, awakened by a sergeant, rushed to his office to grab the phone, but the line is cut. Fortunately, the telephone also has a radio. In Xépôn also, one had heard the shooting, which apparently comes from the bridge over the Banghian.
Two hours later, the night is still dark when the sentries open fire on the shadows that are trying to infiltrate the perimeter. From the darkness, shots are fired: at first sporadic, but which quickly turn into a murderous hurricane. Toshiro starts to send a new radio message, but an explosion throws him to the ground and demolishes the radio before he could finish.
.........
Xépôn, 07:30 - The sunrise finds the village in full effervescence. There are only a few hundred civilians, but the military is swarming. The original garrison has received important reinforcements. units from Vietnam... and the survivors of elements that have managed to evacuate many of the small positions lost in recent weeks. The total number reaches 2,500 men, including the air force ground teams.
Waking up with a start, Major Ryukichi Aono reread several times the last message sent by Toshiro: "We are under attack by...". Since then, attempts have been made to reach the LA-9 outpost. But in vain... The major would have sent a reconnaissance plane, but the air base is not under his command. His troops are there to protect the airmen, not the other way around.
Although he has no doubts about the fate of Second Lieutenant En and his men, Ryukichi still decides to send a reconnaissance column - about 100 men in four trucks and a command car, preceded by a self-gunning machine. They are on their way.
For the moment, the officer is not particularly worried. He has probably lost the LA-9 outpost and probably the Banghian bridge. Such things happen all the time in Indochina. In this lost region, the life of the Japanese officers is strange. Every day, one notes the death or disappearance of Tenno soldiers... and one rejoices: "Fortunately, it's not me!" This cowardly relief has become everyone's motto. War turns the best soldiers into egotists.
No sooner had the reconnaissance force gone two kilometers than it is ambushed. From Xépôn, with binoculars, one can easily see a column of black smoke rising from the jungle. This is not common - so close to the base! Major Ryukichi gives orders, calls the airmen. He wants to launch a cleaning operation in the jungle, he wants air support, he wants... he wants. It is too late.
The hand-held sirens start to roar. The planes the major wants are there, but they are not Japanese. The fighter patrol already in the air throws itself courageously into the fray, but its three aircraft are overwhelmed. While eight Warhawks unceremoniously push them back, nine Mitchells are busy turning planes and hangars into debris while dropping a rain of Parafrag and a torrent of 12.7 mm bullets.
.........
Xépôn, 08:00 - When the French and American planes leave, they leave behind them a base in chaos. The beautiful order of the Japanese army has disappeared. On the airfield, particularly hard hit, the carcass of a B-25 intermingles with that of a Ki-43 of the fighter patrol burning away. Bombs have ripped open the runway and hangars have collapsed. With blackened faces, the airmen emerge from the blast trenches. The flak tankers shake their heads, as if they had survived. However, most of the aircraft, in the shelter of their individual cells, are intact.
But the threat now comes from the ground. In the rice fields, thousands of men charge the Japanese positions with the meager support of a few low caliber artillery pieces.
Four Mitsubishi Ki-51 (Sonia) take the risk to take off despite the bomb craters that pierce the runway. The first three are lucky. The fourth one plants a wheel in a crater, makes a superb wooden horse and turns over; the pilot is killed on the spot, his gunner is wounded. Their teammates arrive just in time. In spite of the heavy fire of the Tenno soldiers, the enemy is about to overrun the defenders when the bombing and strafing from the Ki-51s breaks their momentum.
.........
Xépôn, 08:30 - Six fighters from Hayabusa base appear in the sky, relaying the two surviving Ki-43s from the patrol and the three Ki-51s, out of ammunition. The five aircraft will land on the Hayabusa runway for fear of breaking their landing gear.
A new assault by the Vietminh infantrymen is broken by a well-coordinated Japanese mortar and machine gun attack, a little recovered from their morning surprise.
.........
Xépôn, 09:00 - A new wave of bombers fell on the town. This time, the patrol (three Ki-44s and three Ki-43s) shoot down a B-25 and a P-40, losing only one Ki-43, but the bombers did not let themselves be distracted and the allied bombs and machine guns wreak havoc in the Japanese trenches and barricades. The explosions knock down the huts, tear sandbags and above all reduce to the surviving planes pieces, which were about to take off on a slightly repaired runway. The twin-engine planes saturate the area with incendiary bombs and small but numerous M41 fragmentation bombs. Three of them are flying so low that they are hit by their own shrapnel. They will be even for a few days of immobilization at Dien-Bien-Phu...
.........
Xépôn, 09:30 - The allied planes leave, but the Japanese planes too, and they are not replaced. Everybody is too busy. We could call on the Thais, but nobody will think of it... or will resign themselves to it.
On the ground, Laotians and Vietnamese charge again, with more success. The attackers, three against one, bypass trenches filled with dead bodies and bunkers before entering the inhabited part of Xépôn. The Laotians, not wanting to kill their compatriots, search each house. They pay dearly for this sensitivity, because the surviving Japanese fight to the bitter end and transformed each house into a fort. For their part, the Vietnamese only open the doors of the huts to throw grenades into them.
.........
Xépôn, 10:00 - The first bands of Vietminh to enter the airfield are severely crushed. The crossfire from the anti-aircraft machine guns, more effective against men than against planes, break their charges. So the attackers concentrate their 65 mm guns and mortars of all calibers to bludgeon the Japanese positions.
In the village, the Japanese resistance is concentrated in the bank, where Major Ryukichi, with some of his best men, has already repelled several attacks.
A sniper, hidden somewhere, takes advantage of the slightest opportunity to shoot the Vietminh who are giving and transmitting orders. He is finally spotted on top of the pagoda and automatic weapons fire send him crashing ten meters below.
.........
Xépôn, 10:30 - The battle ends. On the airfield, a salvo of smoke shells allows the Vietminh to neutralize the last machine gun nests. We are still fighting in the ruins of the hangars, in the barracks, in the control tower and often in hand-to-hand combat. One after the other, the defenders succumb.
The last four still hold the bank. It is not until the early afternoon that the defenders, short of ammunition, are submerged.
.........
"The importance of the capture of Xépôn exceeds that of the small city. With its fall, the Savannakhet-Hué road was cut off. No doubt, despite their strong numerical superiority, the Vietminh, lacking heavy weapons, would have been unable to take the city without air support from Dien-Bien-Phu. But it came, as promised, underlining how wrong the Japanese command had been in not committing in 1942 sufficient means to overcome the Epervier base.
We know today that 2,609 Vietnamese soldiers died in this battle or in the following days as a result of their wounds. These figures do not include the losses of the two thousand Lao Issara irregulars.
There are no official figures for the Japanese. However, there is talk of 2,500 to 2,600 dead.
Officially - Vietnamese and Japanese claim - the entire garrison fell during the fighting, "their fanaticism" (as the Vietnamese say) or "their loyalty to the bushi-do" (say the Japanese) having led them to fight to the death. Nevertheless, there were certainly some prisoners, but it is known that the Vietnamese tortured all the prisoners they took, first to interrogate them, then to distract their soldiers.
The civilian casualties are estimated to have been close to three hundred killed and at least as many wounded. In other words, most of the inhabitants who remained in the town at the time! In fact, neither the Viets nor the Japanese cared about sparing the civilians.
The village, practically razed to the ground, was deserted. In 1959, the memory of the battle of Xépôn encouraged the Laotian government to rebuild, but on the site of the former Japanese airfield. The old village will be left abandoned for a long time; until 1990, only the pagoda had been rebuilt and tourists could see the only relic of the battle, the ruins of the bank.
Then the economic development of the region will take everything and the new city will absorb the old one. By the 2003 census, the city of Xépôn will have 35,000 inhabitants." (Pascal N'Guyen-Minh, War and Peace in Southeast Asia)

New Guinea Campaign
Salamaua-Lae Campaign
Bulolo Valley, General Stanley Savige's HQ
- The plane that has just come to rest on the small landing field bears the American stars. As the escorting P-38s complete a final circuit over the Australian base, two soldiers rush to help deploy the gangway and a group of U.S. officers disembark. In the lead is Archibald R. MacKechnie, who salutes General Savige, who responds to his greeting before extending his hand cordially. The Americans had come to discuss the landing planned for September 17th at Nassau Bay.
Few operations of this kind have been planned and executed on such short notice as this one. Originally, the idea for this landing came in early September to Maj. Morton C. Mumma, US Navy. Faced with the supply difficulties encountered by the Australians during the Mubo and Bobdubi Ridge confrontations, he proposed to establish a bridgehead on the coast to shorten the lines of communication. The GQG of the South West Pacific Area approved the operation and selected Nassau Bay as the landing point. The necessary means were quickly gathered. The Americans took charge of most of the operation, but Australians, New Zealanders, British and French all offered men and equipment according to their possibilities.
The meeting with General Stanley Savige was intended to coordinate the landing with an Australian attack on the Bitoi River. This action will serve as a diversion.
.........
Nassau Bay - The destroyer USS Walke approaches the coast as quietly as possible before launching inflatable boats loaded with soldiers of the reconnaissance platoon of the 162nd Infantry Rgt. The latter reach the small islands along the coast without incident and set up markers facing the sea. They mark out an access road around the shoals around Nassau Bay and Mageri Point. Once their work is completed, the men return to the Walke and the destroyer turns around.

New Georgia Campaign
Operation Toenails - Extended Conclusion
New Georgia
- After almost three weeks of jungle crawling, the GIs of the 172nd IR think they had reached the end of the tunnel: they finally reach the northern end of of Arundel, after a march of... 12 kilometers! So much effort and torment, for arpents of uninteresting and unopposed jungles.
But their task is not over. General Sasaki still has a Parthian arrow in his quiver. As a final bouquet, 250 men from Kolombangara in Daihatsu barges attack the exhausted Americans from the flank, in conditions that might seem similar to the fighting in July.
But this is only an appearance, for the GIs have learned from their mistakes. They are seasoned, they expect anything from the Japs, and they have constant air support from Munda's Corsairs, which strafed and bombed the smallest coconut tree that could shelter a Nippon. The counter-offensive does not go further than 500 meters beyond the beach.

Pacific Campaign
Operation Crocodile
Brisbane, South West Pacific Area (SWPA) Command Headquarters
- A message from the Noumea air base brings the last information gathered from the previous day's aerial reconnaissance. It mentions, among other things, "the disappearance at anchorage of a Japanese battleship, whose anchorage is now occupied by various cruisers and destroyers. The other battleships and most of the cruisers and destroyers identified still present, the hypothesis of a departure on an offensive mission is not considered as probable. The preferred hypothesis is that of a return to Japan for repair or overhaul."
 
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15/09/43 - Eastern Front
September 15th, 1943

Operation Suvorov
Angry buffalo
Lepiel and Talachyn regions ("Suvorov-North")
- In accordance with the orders of Ivan Konev, the Soviet forces in the sector begin to redeploy to extend their front fifteen kilometers to the south, always with the aim of supporting the 15th Army. This maneuver, which is carried out - particularly because of the control of the 1st Belarusian Front by Konev - in conditions close to a "disorderly pace", does not go unnoticed by the Germans. Led by formations that remain quite fragile, it could certainly give the 9. Armee the opportunity of a new offensive, or even a breakthrough towards Orsha (all the more so as the 18th Armored Corps is no longer in line, probably for another two weeks - but it is true that the Germans are unaware of this). However, Eberhard von Mackensen sees no reason to go beyond his instructions - especially if it is to prevent the Reds from moving south and into the area of his neighbor Gotthard Heinrici.
Anyway, for the Stavka, this affair has at least the merit to clarify definitively who is responsible for holding the gap north of Talatchyn: Ivan Chistiakov, his 1st Guards Army and nobody else!
.........
Bialyničy region ("Suvorov-Center") - The 15th Army undergoes its first assaults by the XX. AK (von Roman), supported on its right by the VII. AK (Hell). Now that the lines in the north seem to be solidly stabilized, the Wehrmacht wishes to push the Communist forces in this sector beyond the Drut, in order to be able to consider the rest of the operations more calmly.
The first German attempts, carried out along three converging axes (from Zateterka, Shepelevichi and Stehovo) towards the small hamlet of Lipsk, are met with tenacious resistance. Indeed, the defenders have strong artillery support from the eastern bank of the Drut and, in the last few days, Ivan Fedyuninsky was able to stop wasting men in futile attacks: they thus devote all their forces to entrench themselves.
The attempts of the 134. ID, 197. ID and 106. ID, although supported by the 244. StuG Abt, are not successful and stopped after having advanced only a few kilometers. Teterin is reoccupied, Hlybokaïe is contested - but these are villages of no importance. All this does not worry the Red Army. And for the Heer, it is hardly more than a test. They simply bring more resources to the front, by taking them from the south - this is the case of a regiment of the 258. ID (Höcker) - and it is planned to return to the front tomorrow. On the other side, Fedyuninsky received at the end of the afternoon a new message from Konev which worries him a little: the latter enjoins him to increase his activity to attract the enemy's attention on his side...
.........
Kirawsk region ("Suvorov-Center") - In this sector, the situation remains obviously critical, while the belligerents are sending everything they have in the area to the line, to save what has become - with the fall of Kamera, during the night - the Kirawsk pocket, and to eliminate this pocket as soon as possible.
Obviously, the case looks bad for the Red Army: the Wehrmacht has its prey and will not let go. At dawn, the city is knocked out by a strong artillery bombardment, followed by a raid of the Bf 110 of the I/ZG 26, escorted by the fighters of the II/JG 5 - during this time, a little further north, the Stukas of III/StG 1 bludgeon the lines that Managrov is struggling to reconstitute ... Crushed under a deluge of fire that leaves only the ruins of the locality, overwhelmed by the 37 mm shots that fall from the sky on their vehicles, the frontovikis resist however with an admirable and desperate obstinacy, welcoming with rifle the proposals of surrender which are addressed to them. To the great disappointment of the officers, it seems that the Slavic sub-human is determined to fight: he refuses to surrender even when he has no chance to escape. The mass surrender of Barbarossa seem far away! Have the Reds learned what the Reich did to its Soviet prisoners? Or have they decided to follow the example of the negrified French? What a disappointment!
For the XLIII. AK, it will be necessary to go and look for each man in each rat hole of every pile of rubble. The fights, often hand-to-hand and sometimes with shovels or bricks, did not stop during the day. Sometimes, the Germans simply blow up houses to get rid of the defenders, buried alive under the rubble...
At least the XLIII. AK of Karl von Oven is more or less assured of his tranquility, while he still has to "clean" not less than two Soviet divisions, with all their equipment.
Indeed, during this time, the 19. and 20. Panzer have made their junction at Kamera and are now advancing together northwards to push back the rest of the 29th Army - Zangen's 17. ID follows them to secure the ground and reduce possible nests of resistance. The two panzerdivisions progress on two parallel axes, one from Podgorat' (the Babruysk - Shashishy road), the other from Skripka, both of which were to converge later towards Shashvishy.
Faced with this threat to the very existence of its formation - reduced to a reinforced infantry corps but in full confusion - Managrov's attempts to rescue Kirawsk are obviously doomed to failure. The Soviet can only hold on to the ground as best he can, to allow isolated people to join him by passing, despite everything, through the enemy lines. This good will is obviously not enough, despite a massive support provided by the 2nd Air Force.
Gustav Schmidt and Heinrich von Lüttwitz have no problem to push the Communist forces beyond their new defense line and to reach the woods at Pryzhki and Sosnovaya Khvoya. After that... things get a bit more complex. The Stukas of Oberst Gustav Preßler have more difficulty to identify targets in the forests, having to navigate despite the risks and the interceptions of the Soviet fighters. The Sturmoviks do not have this problem - the German armored formations are very visible and perfectly recognizable from the air, a fortiori on such a compartmentalized terrain. And then the fear of friendly fire has never prevented sleep in the Red Army. The German advance is slowing down. The tanks blow up on mines or see infantrymen stuffing them with grenades under the tracks, because the infantry that was supposed to cover them is late. Finally, the panzers prefer to wait for the 17. ID at the height of Pierunava before resuming their progression: 14 kilometers in one day, it is enough, isn't it?
They do not know it, but just in front of them, the 22nd Armored Corps reaches Chachevichy and deploys under the cover of the trees, forming at first a collection line. The formation could have arrived earlier on the battlefield - but between the chaos of the fighting and the poor condition of the roads, it was not helped. Another lost opportunity!
.........
Zhlobin Region ("Suvorov-South") - Whipped by almost their entire chain of command - which hopes perhaps to relieve the pressure on the 29th Army, but especially to compensate for its losses by taking an important city - the forces of the 3rd Shock attack in the morning, for a massive attempt to saturate the enemy defenses and go directly to Jlobin, as well as to overrun the city from the west.
The direct approach, led by the 87th Guards Division and the 128th Tank Rgt., soon comes up against the 52. ID (Rudolf Peschel), almost intact and which supplanted without difficulty the 34. ID and 45. ID, which are now failing. Of course, the Soviet forces gain a foothold in the industrial suburbs south of the city... but they do not advance any further, being targeted by numerous automatic weapons and subjected to a deluge of mortar shells. The frontovikis, too dispersed to have an impact as in Gomel, remain for the moment very far from the city center and the train station.
This blockade is of course a real German tactical success, but it cannot hide what is happening further west. The 18. Panzer - weakened, it should be remembered, by the fighting for Chachersk - effectively holds the gap between Jlobin and Mery, it is true. With the help of the Tiger of the 503. schw Pzr Abt, it destroys all the red tanks which approach, although at the price of a new wear and tear... However, on its right, from Mery to the Berezina - no less than 20 kilometers - there is nothing left to stop the Soviets. The 1.PanzerArmee simply has no reinforcements to send to this area, as the 2nd Guards Army maintains a threat on the banks of the Drut by its very existence as well as by its multiple attempts towards Kosteshev. To clear the Drut is to risk the encirclement of Jlobin - Hermann Hoth cannot admit it and must thus give ground to defend what is strictly necessary to him, without having other perspectives. The Soviet forces have the effect of water breaking a dam: once the breach appears, it can only widen under the pressure.
However, all this does not worry Erwin Rommel too much yet. The Reds are already tired, they will obviously disperse. Once out of the woods west of Jlobin, while the Kirawsk affair will obviously be settled, it will be time to defeat them on the plain and then escort them back. The risk may seem calculated - however, the Heer is unaware of the size of the breach that the Russians managed to reconstitute in the sector! If the 10th Armored Corps is already engaged in support of the 3rd Shock south of Jlobin, while the 7th CB is only a mere background actor with the 2nd Guards towards Rahatchow, the 21st Armored Corps is already in the process of transferring to Strešyn. If it manages to break through, the question of the evacuation of Jlobin will arise as quickly as the evacuation of Kirawsk!
.........
"Sasha almost died today - and got us killed with him! What exactly are they being taught at the training center? To charge fascist tanks with a bayonet in the barrel of the T-34 and shouting hurrahs? When the fascist has a nice 88 mm gun and a superior armor than ours, it is not a good idea!
It seems that after the Panzer IV, the Germans named all their tanks after big cats - I have never hunted a panther in Siberia (and I doubt that it is different for Andrei), but I understand that in front of a big game, it is necessary to be patient and attentive, to surprise it in open ground. Just the opposite of what our comrade did - the opposite of what they make us do, too. Finally... After having rushed straight on the T6, taken by a brief flash of lucidity (perhaps triggered by my yelling at him on the radio...), the youngster finally turned his machine to the right at full speed - but it was too late, he had already revealed his position as well as ours: for once, we were the ones right behind him! Fortunately, the T6 did not have time to rotate its turret and we were able to slip away without damage under the cover of the trees. I think we'll see that Fascist again - in truth, I'm sure we will.
Anyway - when evening came, I went to explain with Sasha. And Fyodor insisted on coming with me, in case anything happened. On the other hand, I preferred to leave Alexandr (whose state of health varies according to the days) near Pobieda! - as for Andrei, it was better for everybody that he didn't have the opportunity to get angry... Faced with my somewhat lively diatribe, but based on experience, our young Muscovite told us about the manual, the new returns from the hierarchy and the "clover leaf" in which it is necessary to enter to pierce the armor of the T6. Not even four leaves, the clover! "Drawings are very pretty, but in reality one thing counts, my boy! Survive!" And I left him there, not angry at him, but furious at others who had stuffed his head with nonsense. I think of what my father always said: drop by drop, the water digs the stone. We are the water, and we must wear down the opponent instead of hoping to break him under pressure." (Evgeny Bessonov, op. cit.)

Moscow - "Are you sure this is not a bad joke, Aleksandr Mikhailovich?" "Alas, no, Georgi Konstantinovich!" Vassilevsky had to confirm to his colleague the enormity of what he had just learned from the Kremlin.
- Although he considers himself to be equally responsible with the Stavka, Ivan Konev has asked that Pavel Kurushkin's 20th Army be removed from its area of responsibility, which he considered too worn out and tired to serve. I summarize his words, as he said them to Marshal Stalin. "Comrade Marshal, it is very difficult for the moment to subordinate to me the 20th Army. This army is actually fighting against the forces occupying Lithuania, and is located north of the Daugava River; its rear services and connections with the 1st Belorussian Front pass through Velikiye Louki and Rjev. This is why it will be very difficult for me to make good use of this army. It is difficult to establish connections via Smolensk, Bryansk and to Gomel. As long as we fight between the Berezina and Drut rivers, a direct link with the 20th Army is impossible to establish. Moreover, this army is very weak and must hold a large front. It would be unable to keep the enemy at bay because, on its right flank, it is threatened by the Fascist 2nd Army from Sebej on its right flank.
- But he is a bastard! He's a bidet scum! After snatching the command of the Front from Eremenko, he now claims to choose his units! Who does he think he is? And above all, who does he think we are? The sellers of rotten meat in the Kiev market?
- Marshal Stalin told him that the Stavka would ensure the supply of the 20th rmy, but that it would remain dependent on the 1st Belorussian Front, and therefore on its command, willingly or not. Konev insisted again on the delay in transmitting orders and on the reliability of the lines, but nothing was done.

Zhukov rants a little more before shaking his head: "Basically, I can't prove him wrong. His objection to the attachment of the 20th to the 1st Belorussian was valid. But he wanted to take them away, so let him do it himself now.
Vasilevsky does agree - although he expresses it in less flowery language. Everyone at the Stavka knows that Zhukov can become rude quite quickly when he is upset - a relic of his youth in the Russian countryside no doubt...

Talatchyn and Rahatchow regions (Belarus) - Einsatzgruppe B has just completed its macabre work, as ordered by SS-Obersturmbannführer Eduard Strauch. The men in black leave the area, fleeing the approaching battle to go back up to Minsk and prepare for more organized raids. Indeed, at this very moment, in the Maly Trostinets camp, SS-Scharführer Heinrich Eiche tests the three Gaswagens he received in the presence of his hierarchy. With them, he will finally be able to eliminate the overflow of undesirables before sending the bulk of them to Poland.
The Wansee conference thus finds its sinister outcome - although pressed on all fronts and critically short of resources, the Reich still findsthe time and the men to industrialize the elimination of human beings... Alas, all the other ghettos in Belarus will soon be its poor prey.
.........
SS Generalbezirk Weißruthenien [SS HQ White Ruthenia] (Minsk) - Meanwhile, taking note of the criticism that this arrogant Field Marshal Rommel formulates on their work due to the ever-increasing unrest in the rear, the occupying forces in Belarus are preparing a new "pacification" operation aimed at turning the area east of Macieviczy into a dead zone. Operation Frühlingsfest - spring festival... - should start next week.
Sign of the times, this new extermination will use, not exclusively the SS and its Lithuanian auxiliaries, but also the 201. Sicherungsdivision of Generalleutnant Alfred Jacobi - which brings together convalescent wounded equipped with second-hand or even second-rate equipment. That will be enough to pacify a little this Korück! And if this collaboration gives satisfaction, another project is already in the drawers: operation Kormoran, for the south of Assipovitchy...

Operations Kutousov and Rumyantsev
Ukraine
- Marshal Georgi Zhukov is still stuck in Moscow, busy trying to repair the damage caused by the German counter-offensive against Suvorov, while fighting against the intriguing but talented Ivan Konev. Meanwhile, the sky is slightly cloudy on the Ukrainian front. Some take advantage of this to adjust their efforts - but not all and not necessarily where one would expect this adjustment.

Kutousov
Areas from Ovruch to Mozyr
- The situation is rather quiet here, even more than elsewhere. The Soviet formations in the sector are still waiting for the situation to break down further south to advance - obviously not today.
.........
Olevsk sector - The "common" effort is not necessarily shared by all - this is true in the capitalist world, it is just as true in the Soviet Union. Here, indeed, at the junction of the 3rd Ukrainian Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front - still not completely disintegrated since Korosten - tensions and misunderstandings multiply on the ground, aggravated by the losses suffered and disrupting the necessary collaboration between the two formations. At the top, it is not better: the regular attempts of Vatoutine to take the ascendancy on Malinovsky (the example of Konev gives ideas!) turns into a war between the leaders. It must be said that the circumstances do not help the debate. The great disorder of Korosten is still not settled, the stretched supply lines have to cross a lot of obstacles - rivers, roads cluttered with wrecks... The very imperfect logistics of the Red Army is put to the test. The frontoviki is satisfied with little, it is true - but it needs a minimum! And the supply - already in tense flow and parsimoniously provided by Kiev - finally sinks into chaos. The trucks supplied by the US capitalists stop in the rain at crossroads poorly controlled by the NKVD, who are more busy hunting Ukrainians. The vehicles collide, their drivers insult each other, get out of their cabs and come to blows, or even worse. The officers of the Train are inveighing and threatening each other, sometimes with pistols in hand, to make their convoy pass - always with priority in relation to the other*...
The powerful armies of the two Soviet fronts, which finally seemed to be on the point of pushing the fascists towards Olevsk and up to the Sluch river, stall after the first exchanges of the morning and finally progress very little during the day. The leaders will not stop blaming themselves for this stagnation.
On the other hand, the Wehrmacht is satisfied that its gamble is succeeding: the Reds attacking in the north seem unable to advance. In principle, it is not wrong - but for how long? And above all, will this unexpected suspension of Kutousov be long enough to allow him to reconstitute his ranks ravaged by months of fighting?
.........
Yemiltchyne sector - Like elsewhere, the Soviet forces are asked to participate in the general effort to try to disrupt the fascist transfers to the south. And even if they fail to do so, this will test the jointness of the 6. Armee and the 3. PanzerArmee, a joint obviously weakened by the departure of the III. PzK.
The 4th Shock Army, still deprived of the 11th Armored Corps, thus begins a new movement towards the west, in coordination with the 37th Army and in the direction of Yemiltchyne. Unable to oppose it frontally, the XLIV. AK had to retreat and Friedrich Köchling calls once again for help from the StuG and LFD, to finally stop the enemy a few kilometers north of Pidluby. Rudnya-Ivanivs'ka is now threatened and the LV. AK - which still has to support Novohrad-Volynskyi and cover Kempf's Panzers - is not able to assist him. Erich Jaschke has to content himself with harassing the left flank of the 37th Army, which nonetheless reaches Seredy.
The Soviet forces make substantial progress. However, anemic and exhausted by the fighting of the previous days, they can not push their advantage. However, once again, the 6. Armee is severely lacking in reserves! In order to deal with the most urgent situation, Maximilian De Angelis thus requests from Walther Model a new engagement of the XLVII. PanzerKorps for his benefit, or failing that, the loan of the 9. Panzer. Otherwise, he would have to think about shortening the lines and to withdraw towards Velyka Tsvilya by abandoning Yemiltchyne - which would be logical, because since the loss of Horshchyk, the locality has no more strategic interest. But if Manstein can hear it, of course, it is not necessarily the case of... Rastenburg.
.........
Chyzhivka sector - The Red Army is still taking more losses for less results, but it is not the only one to suffer by doing... nothing. In his command car, Werner Kempf clenches his teeth under his wet cap. He clenches them to keep from grinding with rage! After having carried the southern flank of Zitadelle, having borne the brunt of the Soviet counter-offensive of the beginning of August and to have gone up in haste towards the north not to stop the Slavs at Korosten, his armored corps had to go back down (again) in a hurry to stop a breakthrough... The fire department of HG Nord-Ukraine, that's what became the III. PzK !
And if it were only that... Manstein orders him to go back down - so be it. But the way he takes on the way, the road passing through Simakivka or Horshchyk - is now in the hands of the enemy! His precious Leopards and Panzer IVs are therefore condemned to take small and deplorable forest roads where, if they do not get bogged down yet (thank God!), they remain at the mercy of a partisan attack, of a simple mechanical breakdown... or of course of an air attack. And air attacks, there are some! The Reds of 1943 are not the French of 1940, when he commanded the 6. Panzer... Without doubt, we have not ye come back to the level of Zitadelle - but each Il-2 which passes in low level, each Pe-2 sends panic in the columns, disperses the men and makes lose time...
Finally, Scheise! where is the Luftwaffe!
Whereas it started its movement since two days, the III. PzK hardly arrives at the Sluch. It has thus covered only 55 km. Until now, it was rather well covered by the LV. AK of Jaschke. But he will have to wait for the night to cross the river - impossible during the day, with all the Slavs in Novohrad-Volynskyi, whose artillery would be happy to bombard him during his crossing.
Kempf's men are exhausted, his ammunition reserves are low and his machines break down one after the other. It is impossible to say when his armored corps will arrive t Staryi Lyubar - and especially in what condition it will arrive. And while Kempf is considering his deplorable situation, a Leopard stalls in front of him - engine tight. It has driven at least 450 kilometers without much maintenance! His crew gets out and the machine that was following him pushes the monster of steel towards a pothole, which will end up swallowing it...
.........
Novohrad-Volynskyi sector - The arrival of the panzers of Kempf does not escape the Red Army - the VVS of comrade Stepan Krasovsky have a sharp eye, in spite of the passage of rain. Still unable to break through, the 5th Shock Army is thus asked, despite everything, to prevent their transfer to the south, where Rumyantsev finally gives signs of success.
Ivan Chernyakovsky's frontovikis thus set off again for a kind of diversion, without hope of doing anything decisive, except to add dead to the dead. In the evening, the city has almost fallen - in fact, its houses are already lying on the ground, smashed by the artillery. It rains, on the banks of the Sluch... but more shells than raindrops.

Rumyantsev - Attack, counter and parry
Zhitomir sector
- Undoubtedly, the Sheika is not the Dnieper or the Bug. However, it is still a line of defense for the German forces in the sector, and a natural barrier on the road of the 1st Shock Army. Moreover, before passing, it must finish crossing the woods south of Zhitomir. Andrei Vlassov is therefore even for a day of waiting. In the meantime, with a little luck, the 1st Cavalry Corps of Lev Dovator will have found the gap he is stubbornly looking for further west, towards Tovshcha... Then, he thinks, the fascists will be obliged to withdraw without the need for an assault... However, all this remains theoretical - in practice, it is not won!
.........
Berdichev sector - After the forward march of the last few days, the 4th Guards Army has to take a break. It is not far from opening the way to Chudniv.
In front of it, the 125. ID (Schneckenburger) is entrenched as best it can on a line Knyazhyn- Sudachivka while the 205. ID (Michael) and 132. ID (Lindemann) cover respectively (and with increasing difficulty!) its northern and southern flanks. Chanchibadze's 1st Armored Corps takes advantage of this situation to take a break as well - reduced to a few hundred machines, it is in great need of reinforcements and supplies. Will tomorrow offer him the hoped-for breakthrough?
Further south, the Hohenstaufen crushes the first waves launched by the 5th Guard without mercy (and without difficulty). However, a little overwhelmed by the 26th Army in the north - or perhaps badly supported on this side by the 141. ID ("rotten with Slavs" according to some) - it must slightly go back on its left and give up Ivanopil. To choke this embryo of salient, which he is determined to eliminate tomorrow, Wilhelm Bittrich asks Theodor Eicke to make "go up" some elements of his Totenkopf in order to free the units necessary for his counter-offensive.
While the Germans are thus rotating their units like a beaver moving stones to close the leaks of its dam, the 1st Guards Armored Corps (M.E. Katukov) inserts itself in the breach and prepares to attempt an operation. On its side, considering the waltz- hesitation of its opponents, the 9th Guards Army launches into a series of tactical diversions - one of the specialties of Nikolai Pukhov, who spent a good part of his interwar career in the "Shot"**, as a student and then as a teacher.
All this agitation once again annoys and disturbs Paul Hausser, whose II. SS-PanzerKorps cannot give all its measure and calm down these so irritating Russians with a good blow. In addition, all these partial actions consume fuel and a lot of ammunition - all this risks to be seen one day.
.........
Khmilnyk sector - At dawn, despite a much lesser air support than the day before, the day before, the Grossdeutschland and Frundsberg set out again to attack the base of the Soviet salient, with Yosypivka (on the Ikva) in their sights - the recapture of which would resume contact with the 2. PanzerArmee and ideally lock in a Kessel the Soviet forces who ventured towards Staryi Lyubar.
However, SS and former honor guards have the unpleasant surprise to realize that, if their phalanxes of steel sink in the first hours without too much evil in a mass of Asian infantrymen, they quickly find themselves attacked from all sides. Coming from the north, the 5th Armored Corps of Semyon Krivoshein attacks the Grossdeutschland from the flank, thus holding it partly out of the main battle. This battle sees the bulk of the 10. SS-Panzergrenadier Frundsberg attempt to break through the 1st Guards Cavalry Corps
(ex Odessa) and the 2nd CC, while the 3rd Army (M.S. Shumilov) hastily falls back to defend its link with Khmilnyk and the 16th Air Army gives all it has.
Konstantin Rokossovsky is not a man to lose armies for nothing - he understood that the Germans are not covering their retreat, but counterattacking. The situation is critical, so he has to command quickly be obeyed even more quickly - he does not hesitate to approach the front himself to make sure of it! From his advanced headquarters in Kalynivka, he orders, encourages, often spurs, sometimes threatens... And it works. Drowned, bogged down in the crowd of units facing him in a coordinated way, the German offensive finally dies out at Kumanivtsi. In the evening, the armored points have to turn back, their supply lines threatened by the very units they had pushed this morning. The Soviet assault force is saved. It is even free to continue to surge westward, without any reserve to stop it - because it seems already obvious that the IX. AK, even reinforced by the armored battalions of Hauptmann Kühn and von Schönau, could not succeed where two
elite divisions failed!
Rokossovsky is thus relieved and almost satisfied. He has his breakthrough! That he will not be able to exploit immediately, it is true, but the other troops of the front will know well how to transform this opening in triumph!
On the other side, at the 8. Armee, Walter Weiß is devastated. Once again, he demanded from the HQ of Kovel the return of the III. PanzerKorps (he does not know in which problem Werner Kempf and his forces are at the same time!), but Erich von Manstein can only promise him the imminent arrival of reinforcements would arrive soon, as well as maximum support from the Luftwaffe for tomorrow, "whatever it may cost!" Inwardly, the boss of the HG Nord-Ukraine begins to wonder whether it would be better to be punished for having ordered a retreat than to have lost an entire army surrounded by the enemy... Although, at the rate things are going... In Rastenburg, there was talk for a while of making Ludwig Müller Field Marshal! In short, it is urgent that Kempf comes to the rescue of the 8. Armee. Depending on the time of his arrival and the results that he will obtain, we will be able to make an irrevocable decision.
.........
Kalynivka, 23:30 - Unfortunate chance, undoubtedly - while the Luftwaffe executes one of its traditional night raids on the Soviet communication nodes, a bomb falls on the advanced headquarters of General Rokossovsky, killing a good part of the staff. The leader of the 1st Ukrainian Front only escaped because he had the idea (pragmatic, considering the time he spends there) to install his communication room in the dining room! The following days, Konstantin Rokossovsky will continue to direct the battle... but from a bunker buried in the garden of a former church.
.........
Sector of the 2nd Ukrainian Front - First fighting between the Soviet forces and the IV. AK on the line Serbynivtsi-Jmerynka- Pen'kivka. They do not give anything definitive, Ivan Bagramian is not yet willing to spend men and ammunition for the pleasure of seizing a Ukrainian village. He will agree, of course - but when the time comes, for example when the fascist forces will sink into confusion after a breakthrough further north.
For the 10th Army, still in the lead, things are not so good. Around Shypynky, Filipp Golikov's troops are met with a vigorous counterattack of the XLIX. AK, reinforced by the 23. Panzer (Nikolaus von Vormann). Poorly led - the Landsers are tired and the Panzermanners are a little too young on too old armors - it does not cause a rout or a Soviet encirclement. The 10th Army must only fall back a few kilometers to defend the crossroads of Ukrains'ke while the 3rd Armored Corps (V.M. Badanov) goes up as a reinforcement. Just a hitch, comrades! It is all the same that the 17th Air Force is able to intervene...

Ostroh (Rovne region, occupied Ukraine)
- While the Ukrainian nationalist movements are openly tearing each other apart, while clashing with all the belligerents, Ivan-Tadei Mitringa (one of the leaders of the new Ukrainian People's Democratic Party) is killed in an ambush. Strangely enough, the latter seems to have been organized by Soviet partisans surrounded by regulars - at least, that's what the testimonies of the few survivors and some observations on the ground will make the Germans think so.
Thus, after having tried to accommodate the ARPU of Borovets, Moscow seems to have...changed its mind and is preparing to eliminate all remaining independence movements in the area - starting with the least compromised ones, while we're at it.
The Ukrainian People's Revolutionary Army - its bases scattered between Soviet and German territory, without any external support and subjected to the triple pressure of the NKVD, of the UNO-M and the Reich - will hardly be able to shout vengeance for Mitringa. It is already trying painfully to rally to exist... However, it is surprising that the NKVD did not target Melnyk, instead of a quasi-unknown like Mitringa. Does this mean that the UNO is still too far from its clutches? Or does Beria think that it could be of some use to him?

* It should be remembered that supply managers who delivered late could easily be suspected of "sabotage" - a charge that often promised a fatal fate for the person who was accused. Hence the understandable nervousness when faced with the slightest unforeseen event on the road...
** The Higher Shooting School of the Red Army Staff, named after the Soviet Union Marshal B.M. Shaposhnikov.
 
15/09/43 - Mediterranean
September 15th, 1943

Dragon coverage
Hyères sector
- The GAN 2 shows all its efficiency. While flying over the beaches at low altitude, the crew of an Avenger, helpless, sees the wake of two torpedoes, one of which hits the target and sends an LST to the bottom. But the submarine's approximate location is known, it takes only a short time for the escorts, guided by the Avenger, to rain down the first charges. After three depth charges, a Catalina arrives on the spot to take the relay of the single-engine and sees on the surface a large oily stain and debris, which will allow to confirm the destruction of a U-boot.
It is the U-73. Its wreckage will be found only after the war, by sixty meters depth. In the early sixties, it was the subject of a documentary filmed by the Cousteau team for the twentieth anniversary of the D-Day landings.
At that time, there are still three U-boats in the Mediterranean (except for the Adriatic): U-377, U-409 and U-562. They only have the ports of Genoa and La Spezia, both frequently bombed, to take refuge in, and their operational availability suffers severely!

Italian campaign

The 20th Friuli DI gradually withdraws from the front lines, where it is replaced by the 53rd ID Arezzo. With three real infantry regiments, correctly mechanized by the GMC and half-tracks recovered from the Cremona and Friuli divisions, the real strength of this new, somewhat hybrid division is its anti-tank battalion, made up of M3-AU75s. The Italian infantrymen's eyes are filled with joy - inaction was beginning to weigh on some of them, while others were finally looking forward to a well-deserved rest and a modern re-equipment.

Greek Campaign
Operation Presage
The ascent of the spahis
Ersekë road
- The spahis continue to advance northward, dividing into two columns that advance towards the villages of Pirg and Pojan, at the end of the mountainous range of Korçë and before the mountains surrounding the Ohrid and Prespa lakes. In their momentum, the Tunisians almost intercept the 3. Gebirgs, which is still retreating towards the northwest. The information is however transmitted to the evzones of the 1st Greek AC: they can advance without risk.

The Polish... and the Czech ride
Southern Albania
- After yesterday's long and painful interlude, the corps of Gen. Władysław Anders resumes its march north, with no real opposition - the 100. Jäger has disappeared in the night. But unopposed does not mean without difficulty. On the road to Cërrik, which leads to Tirana and Durrës, the Poles are slowed down by the insurrectionary movements that agitate the population. Indeed, stimulated by the disappearance of the Occupiers and the opening of the arsenals of the militias of Collaboration, the three principal Resistance movements jumped at each other's throats, in violent actions sometimes evoking more an ethnic or rather clan-based cleansing than a political conflict.
The men of the 3rd ID lose again a large part of the day to calm down scuffles. Faced with the unbearable morgue and the proclaimed communism of Enver Hoxha's men (not unlike the behavior of the late Kapetanos Áris Velouchiótis), the Poles began to sympathize with the men of the Legaliteli. So much for the Nacional Çlirimtare - that is to say, essentially to the communists - the Legaliteli come closer to the Balli Kombëtar: for the interested parties, the departure of the Germans was worth prescription for the majority of the acts of collaboration. The Polish officers, worried about being dragged into a civil war, spend a lot of energy to maintain a form of neutrality, against the preferences of their men and sometimes against their own convictions, in a political landscape that is, to say the least, variegated.
This is not without its difficulties! Among the many novel characters that the Poles meet is Major Spiro Theodori Moisiu. In the service of King Zog, then opposing him on the side of Fan Noli, he rallies to the sovereign and becomes commander of the military forces in the region of Shkodër (the north of the country). At the time of the Italian invasion, he was exiled to Yugoslavia, but ended up joining the collaborationist troops at the end of 1940 on the basis of nationalist considerations and fights (a little) on the Greek-Italian front before deserting with his men in 1941. Nevertheless, this crime did not earn him a death sentence as the Italians feared a rebellion by the militias, all of whom were more or less in their service. Then, changing his allegiance completely, he joined in July 1943 the National Liberation Movement of Enver Hoxha and regrouped various maquis which he transformed into a solid, quasi-regular army capable of effectively fighting back against any adversary. An adaptable individual, therefore, with whom Maczek, despite his reluctance, was obliged to deal, because his troop, deployed in the vicinity of Berat, numbered 5,000 very well armed men*. Each one is thus obliged, willingly or unwillingly, to put a little water in his wine.
During this time, leaving the Czechs in charge of Vlöre, the 3rd BMLE of Le Couteulx de Caumont seizes Kolonjë, moving northwards and Tirana. The legionnaires do not face more opposition than the Czechs. Indeed, the last units of the Heer are already in Cërrik and plan to cross Tirana in the evening.

Durrës - Walter Schimana's SS have completed their work of destruction, and are withdrawing towards the north. Apart from the docks and other civil engineering works that could not be destroyed with the means at their disposal, the Germans have reduced the logistical capabilities of the port to nothing. As always, the Allied naval engineers work miracles, but it would take many weeks before Durrës could supply Montgomery's forces in Albania.
Its interest in the continuation of Presage will be nil!

Tirana - At about 19:30, the 100. Jäger arrives in the suburbs of Tirana. The capital of Albania has already been evacuated by the LXVIII. AK and the bridges have been blown up. Informed, Willibald Utz does not plan to cross the city. The division will largely bypass the center through the districts of Selitë and Ysberisht, before continuing towards the north and safety.
However, the Bavarian general did not foresee the crowd movements caused by the departure of the Occupiers, as well as the sudden appearance of many partisans of various allegiances in a hurry to seize public buildings and other strategic points. The arrival of the Jägers and StuGs triggers a panic, followed by a series of shootings against a few enraged people, mostly from the communist forces. As usual, however the Germans take no chances and pass through the town by machine-gunning the facades and any obstacle likely to hinder them. The human toll of this Death Ride remains unknown to this day.
This tragic and probably inevitable event is the trigger of the Albanian insurrection, one of the summits of the "chaos of the Balkans" (R.S. Pratsky). Taking advantage of the German repression and the disappearance of state structures, the various Resistance groups take action to settle scores and impose their ideas. But the best organized are the troops of the Communist Party.
The CP militias are organized into sections of fifty or sixty men (including a political commissar), with one section per village or for two or three hamlets.
These sections are directed by a military chief, who has full authority, except in the event that his orders are at odds with the party line or with the interests of the war of liberation, and of course in cases where the leader in question is suspected of treason. In other words, the real boss is the political commissar - an aide to Enver Hoxha - set up by Miladin Popović, who tried to achieve a certain rationalization of the cells, which did not sit well with the Central Committee. In the region of Tirana, the CP militias represent more than 2,000 armed and organized fighters, who take to the streets as soon as the Germans leave, not to shoot at the Occupiers (who are no longer there) but against the militia ballists or "legalists" (and their families).
The latter retaliate. Anarchy takes over the city, while everyone settles their scores - that it is about the missed episode of the previous month or about much older grudges. In the evening, the city is in flames, and for once, the Germans have nothing to do with it.

Macedonia - Near the Albanian border, the 3. Gebirgs dodges the spahis and approaches Pojan. While the 187. ID continues to escort Bulgarian prisoners to Skopje, the 1. Gebirgs takes position in Ohrid, not far from the fortress of Samuel - a fortress established in the 10th century by the Bulgarian tsar who bore this name. The mountaineers take a break in the shade of its old stones and establish in this bottleneck a new line of defense. As for the 4. Gebirgs, reinforced by the 92. Grenadier Rgt, it takes its its quarters in Bitola.
These maneuvers took place without opposition, apart from the protests of the men of the Ohrana. This Bulgarian-speaking militia, which includes nearly 12,000 people was largely involved in the repression of the Greek resistance movements and especially the ELAS, not hesitating to compromise the civilian population in its activities. Supporters of the 3rd Reich, the Macedonians even undertook to form three battalions armed by the Germans, the Battalions of Volunteers of the Organization for the Internal Revolution under the authority of Ivan Mihailov, who negotiated directly with the SS. But the evolution of the situation forces all these people to go into exile, even if they don't like it.
Unfortunately, the civilians left behind will suffer the revenge of the Greeks and will pay for the sins of the Occupiers.

Siege of Salonika
Salonika (eastern sector)
- After the offensives of the last few days and as a clear lull appears in the German position, the 51st Infantry Division goes on the offensive again towards the city center. It is now directly supplied by the ANZAC lines.
Advancing with determination but caution, the British take possession of a first sector of the historic city, including the famous White Tower that had been taunting them for five days.
A little further on, the Arch of Galerius is in sight, on the Egnatia Avenue. As for the ANZAC, it occupies the birthplace of Atatürk: the government of Ankara will not have to complain! The Jägers don't care about these historical monuments, undefended because they are indefensible and without military value. A few blocks away, they prepare for the confrontation.

Salonika (western sector) - The 2nd New-Zealand Division completes the securing of the Evosmos district, advancing amidst the rubble and wreckage of the failed assault of September 1st, all of which are warnings to be cautious. The Kiwis enter Stavroupoli, temporarily leaving aside the city center and Ampelokipoi. The infantry, which remained close to the armored units of the 1st Armoured, will not see much action today. As an anonymous sergeant whispered, "It's more alive in a cemetery!

Salonika (center) - General Müller moves his headquarters a few blocks to the west, in the basement of the church of Panagia Chalkeon. Indeed, the advance of the 51st Infantry was likely to surprise his staff!
The 97. Jäger (or what remains of it) is now well entrenched in its new defense perimeter. It is not alone: in addition to the civilians trapped in the redoubt, the Germans have with them the forced laborers formerly employed by the Müller company. They are now in charge of earthworks, the installation of barricades and the clearing of rubble that is in the way of the defense.
General Müller prefers to use this free labor force to rest his men, while his food supplies are dangerously low. Driving out these civilians would have reduced the food needs of the Festung... but decreased the thickness of the human shield they represent. As for the population, it is not the concern of the Heer... and even less of the police of the Hellenic State - who nobody's concern anymore.
.........
Police station of Ermou boulevard (Thessaloniki) - Ioannis Padokalis looks at his bowl with a disappointment tinged with resignation. He who had engaged in the police force to escape the food restrictions... In the room which is used as canteen to the policemen silence reigns, only disturbed by the crunching of the spoons on the metal bowls. The men are ashamed of what they are being made to do - of what they are doing - and they are hungry. You can almost hear the bellies growling. Ioannis, provocative and fiery as usual, chooses to apostrophize the cook,
- Hey, Andreas, what's this Kokkinisto you made us, tell me?
The man answers with a sharp reply: "And what does the gentleman not like?
- There's almost no meat!
- Yeah, it's the lean cow variant. It's good for the weight.
- And last week's supply, did you sell it on the black market?

That's all it takes for the cook to get out from behind his counter and settle the matter with his fists, under the whistles of the audience. But as he steps forward, a voice stops him: "Eiríni! Aplá kýrioi!" The sturdy figure of Chief Inspector Tsarkolis frames himself in the doorway. Everyone returns to their seats, unwilling to be punished. "And you, Ioannis, shut up! Otherwise I'll take you back to your mother!" adds the inspector.
Not that the inspector has anything against the young policeman. In fact, it was he who had him hired him - their families have been linked for three generations by ties of neighbourliness and friendship, if not blood ties. And he knows the propensity of his protégé to get into the bad tricks. But nepotism having limits, and its influence too, it is not question of letting of letting Padokalis take his ease. If only for his own good.
After lunch, everyone goes back to his post, dragging his feet as it should be. The men at the post are not bandits, at least not like the Germans they work with. Trafficking, "services" yes, theft and blood no. But what can they do, except count the number of blows received by a population that is increasingly subjected to bullying, requisitions and arbitrary arrests, or worse?
At that moment, an Opel truck pulls up in front of the entrance. One more round-up... The prisoners are locked up in the cellar, which is called the Hellenic State Prison, even though it is Herr Müller's henchmen are the ones who are actually guarding them.
A dark-haired woman with the beauty of an ancient statue gets off the truck, escorted by a German, too close for Tsarkolis' taste, who cannot repress a muffled exclamation - "Tin adelphi mou!"
It's her sister that is being taken down to the hole! The poor girl must have made a mistake. Since 1941, she has been scorning her collaborator brother, yet she has to live. A very unpleasant surprise for the inspector. The prisoners pass without a glance for him: the adversary is the adversary, but the traitors don't even deserve their hatred.
As they leave for the cellar, leaving Tsarkolis in shock, one of the renegade Greeks of the Kampfgruppe comes towards him. The man is dirty, disgusting and smells of raki from five meters. We are running out of water and this idiot drinks the only liquid that makes you thirsty! "But no, it is not your sister, she is too girly for that! Or maybe you were adopted!" There follows a great laughter, while the man leaves staggering, proud of his shabby joke.
Decidedly, everything goes from bad to worse. Before, Tsarkolis found material justifications for his collaboration, but now that there is hardly any food left, the inspector wonders what difference there is between him, his men and the population. Everything goes to the Germans. And between these poor prisoners and his men, he sees little more than the thickness of a sheet of cigarette paper - nowhere to be found. Honor, country, food and now family, the Germans have taken everything from him. Going back up to the staircase - he would not mind a glass of ouzo, after all - he comes across Ioannis Padokalis, standing in the middle of the stairs. In his red phoenix uniform that he was so proud to wear at the beginning (the fool!), he seems to have been struck by Zeus' lightning...

Bulgarian affair
Pernik area (1st Army sector)
- The tankers of the 1. Panzer Division did not sleep well, due to the air attack of the previous day. When they appear in front of the lines of the 2nd Rgt of the 11th Bulgarian Division, in Kopanitsa, they are ready to fight and in a state of nervousness. Oberston von Holtey was perfectly clear: the Bulgarians had better be reasonable, it was in their interest to show themselves reasonable, i.e. to let themselves be intimidated, at least as much as their colleagues of Macedonia. Otherwise, there will be trouble. The majority of the Schützen-Brigade is with them. And the 1. Panzer Rgt is now less than a day's drive away.
Panzer IV and Leopard are driving towards the Bulgarian lines, swinging their turrets - a way to play with their muscles. The commander of the 12. Armee still hopes to solve this matter in the simplest (and most economical) way. When they are about 3,000 m from the Bulgarian positions, an order is heard on the radio: "Attack! The 19. PanzerGrenadier has been shot at!" Immediately, the tanks are deployed and rush towards the Bulgarian lines, to the astonishment of the Slavs, stunned by this sudden aggressiveness.

Ihtiman region (4th Army sector) - Irkens' tanks arrive at Samokov at about the same time that the 1. Panzer tanks are advancing towards the 11th Bulgarian Division. The 1st Regiment of the 11th ID holds the city and its surroundings, blocking the road to the south, while the 2nd Rgt is further north, around Zlokuchene. As for the divisional artillery, it is deployed on the heights, ready to water the plain.
This unexpected appearance is very unpleasant for Major-General Atanasov Stefanov - it is necessary to say that it puts in question his project of escape. Seeking to gain time, he orders the 9th ID to hold the crossroads of the city center, blocking the progression of the Germans, but above all, without provoking them. During this time, the 6th Division will slip towards Pazardjik. Stefanov hopes that the German units are tired of the journey and perhaps they are short of supplies. Let's win the day, and we will be able to get off the ground discreetly in the night.
This reasoning is relevant, because Irkens did not plan to attack without provocation. In fact, he wishes above all to close the southern road - precisely what worries Stefanov! But at the point of the 19. PzGr, elements of the 1. Brandenburg are positioned in the outskirts of Samokov. The infantrymen pass from one cover to the other, staying at a distance from the Bulgarian barricades. The tension is palpable, the sweat beads on the foreheads of the soldiers. It would be enough that someone does something stupid...
And without really knowing why, a gunfight breaks out and spreads like wildfire over the whole front line. The 9th Division, which is not fully operational, is quickly pushed to its flanks by the StuGs, who surround one of its regiments in the city. Deprived of transport means and deprived of the support of the 6th Division, which remained in Ihtiman, the second regiment chooses to hold its position with the support of divisional artillery. The 75 mm Krupp 1904** opens fire in direct fire, significantly hampering the Brandenburgers.
But Joseph Irkens can play a card here that he lacked in Korinos. An hour later, twelve Fw 190Fs of I/StG 3 fly over the battlefield. They are the survivors of the massacre of August, but this time they can operate quietly, without any fighter cover and even of flak. In less than twenty minutes, the artillery is unleashed and the Brandenburgers of the 1. Rgt start to march south again. The second Bulgarian regiment flees to the north; the other, surrounded in Samokov, soon surrendersto the 2. Brandenburg. Only a few pockets of resistance remain at night.
During this time, cheered up by its success, a Schwarm of Fw 190 decides to spend the rest of its ammunition by strafing anything that moves on the road between Samokov and Ihtiman. A fast-moving car convoy makes a good target! From the first passage of the planes, the Bulgarians stop and the passengers throw themselves into the bushes before the planes set their vehicles on fire. However, not all of them have time to do so.
This is how Major-General Atanasov Stefanov dies on the road south of Mirovo, his ambitions ending in a ditch. It is doubtful that his units were really been able to get to Thrace - he should have made his choice much earlier to have a chance. The loss of his leader completes the confusion of the 4th Army.
Taking command, Major-General Rafail Stoianov Banov chooses to entrench himself with his 6th Division near Kostenets. In the evening, the situation is very good for the 19. PanzerGrenadier.

The last triumph of the Blitzkrieg
Pernik area (1st Army sector)
- The course of the battle between the 1. Panzer and the 1st Army is very different. Nakoff's men are ready for battle and return fire to the Germans, but without doing much damage. Indeed, the 11th Division only has anti-tank equipment limited to 37 mm guns and, at best, some 5 cm Pak 38s supplied by Germany in 1941. None of them could really endanger the Panzer IV and V, which cover the half-tracks carrying the infantry. The Bulgarians make their divisional artillery heard, whose 105 mm shells should be effective.
Indeed, for almost an hour, the artillery keeps the German infantry at a distance, while the panzers prefer not to venture out on their own. However, the 1. Panzer also has support, offered by the FliegerFührer Schwarzes Meer - which is somewhat scared after the Allied bombardment of the previous day, while the poor man had other worries.
In a picture that reminds the veterans of the Polish campaign, twenty-four Bf 110 E of ZG 1 and ZG 26 appear above Kopanitsa, covered by the Bf 109 G of the I/JG 4. The Bulgarians do not have much flak, except a handful of Solothurn ST-5 of 20 mm, and the big twin-engine planes (some of them with a huge wasp on the nose) sweep the battlefield, with bombs and then with cannons and machine guns. The infantry calls for help Sofia!
From the first shots, general Yanchulev asks for help to the RAF, but the intermediaries between Sofia and the 1st Tactical Air Force are numerous... On the other hand, the Bulgarian air force takes up the gauntlet: the 622nd and 682nd Yato (6th Istrebitelen Orlyak, now concentrated in Bozhurishte) sends twelve Bf 109 G2 to face the Luftwaffe, led by Captain Stoyan Iliev Stoyanov. The fighters rush at ground level to try to surprise yesterday's partner and today's enemy.
The Bulgarians arrivd from the east, over the mountains south of Pernik, and burst through the twin-engine planes. After a moment of confusion, they try to evade or to face them, but the result of the fight is predictable - before the German escort can intervene, three Bf 110s are shot down, against only one Bf 109. The Bf 109s of 1/JG 4 react quickly, taking advantage of their numerical superiority to catch the Bulgarians in a pincer movement.
Seeing these new adversaries coming, the planes of the 622nd try to dodge towards the mountains to the west, but they are shot down at ground level and fired like partridges - four out of five are shot down. On the other hand, Stoyan Stoyanov and his teammates of the 682nd are facing the enemy.
The German fighters are surprised by the nerve of the Slavs. After a short skirmish, a Bf 109 from each side is shot down - sergeant Hristo Krastev, who shot down a Bf 110, lands on his belly in the friendly lines, but the German pilot, shot down by Stoyanov, is killed.
A few minutes later, the party seems to be over when the black-crossed Ritters, faster, catch up with the impudent hunters with a big black X on a white square - the Bulgarian cockade since 1941. While the Bulgarian pilots are getting ready to sell their skin dearly, their pursuers turn their backs. They see the Spitfire IXs of the 239th Wing, just in time for Stoyanov and his men!
This alliance, unique in history, between the arch-rivals Bf 109 and Spitfire will make waves (See "Fête de famille", Le Fana de l'Aviation n°382). The surviving Bulgarian fighters are escorted to the Allied lines; they land on an auxiliary field near Alexandria, never to return to Bulgaria. These recent machines are of great interest to the RAF, and the evolution of the situation will soon make this irrelevant.
Indeed, even if the Allied airmen gain air superiority over Kopanitsa and if the Banshees make victims in the German rear lines, the situation on the ground is now too serious and the troops of both sides too intertwined for the RAF to reverse the course of the battle. von Holtey's tanks have broken through the western flank and grenadiers pour into the city to silence the defenders. The unfortunate men fight back to the best of their ability, but the Solothurm S-18/100 (20 mm) with which they are equipped, if it makes it possible to stop the half-tracks, is useless against the panzers. Unable to resist to the enemy firepower, the Bulgarians flee back towards the east and the breakthrough widens. The first Leopards charge northwards and cut the 11th Division in two, whose other regiment is defending Leskovets.
Major-General Nakoff, dismayed by the turn of events, does not resign himself to abandon the 11th Division to its fate. To allow his men to escape from the encirclement and perhaps gain the time necessary to bring back the 1st Division towards Pernik, he sends the only armored unit of the whole Bulgarian army, which he had kept in reserve. It is the Armored Battalion commanded by Alexander Bosilkov. In September 1943, it was organized into two companies: II. Rota (20 tanks Škoda LT-35, the Pz-35(t) of the Germans) and III. Rota (10 tanks Škoda T-11, a version of the LT-35 originally built for... Afghanistan). The I. Rota, equipped with R-35 tanks, was disbanded when about thirty crews left for a Panzer training center.
The small tanks bravely advance in front of the German machines, trying to take advantage of surprise to survive the encounter - which takes place on the outskirts of Batanovtsi. At first surprised by the presence of the Bulgarian tanks, the Germans recognize them very quickly and understand that they are not in any danger. Two or three Panzers IV will end up burning but the Bulgarians will not last long. Just enough time for the Germans understand that it is better not to use armor-piercing shells, which are often content to make holes in the thin armor of their opponents! In hhalf an hour, everything is over; the survivors - less than ten - flee towards Sofia. All the men of captain Bosilkov will have shown that the supposed Slavic cowardice was only an invention of Goebbels.
On the evening of 15 September, the situation of the 1st Army was dramatic. The first elements
elements entered Pernik, having cut the 11th Division into two equal parts, which could not maneuver
which could no longer maneuver. The 1st Division, which had abandoned its positions in Studena, had
to defend Pernik - but it did not arrive in time, and risks being surrounded.
surrounded as well. Fighting continued during the night to retake the city, in order to
to re-establish the link to Sofia. But nothing happens.
On the German side, on the other hand, all is well. The 2. Panzer Rgt and its infantry hold the situation
the situation in an iron hand, and the 1. Panzer Rgt has just arrived in Radomir. Given the situation, it simply
the situation, it simply charged towards Sofia, passing through the burnt-out villages and wrecks of the battle
of the battle in a twilight atmosphere.
.........
"The battle of Pernik is still rich in lessons today. Since the fighting in France in 1940, it was clear that the future of the offensive lay with the mechanized units - not for great romantic rides, but to implement the operational art developed by Marshal Tukhachevsky in his time.
The Bulgarians provided the opportunity of a demonstration worthy of being included in the manuals of the military schools. In material inferiority and under an enemy sky, then neutral, the Slavic soldiers clung to their positions with a vigor and an aplomb that would have deserved a better fate. But in the plain, the panzers, invulnerable, were circling like birds of prey. Unable to re-establish its front, the 11th Division had to be cut off, encircled, fragmented and then beaten in detail, despite a clear numerical superiority. And we know the unfortunate fate of the 1st Division which tried to help it." (Robert Stan Pratsky, The Liberation of Greece and the Balkans, Flammarion, 2005)

Southern Bulgaria - The 2nd Army continues its way through Thrace amidst the remnants of the Metaxas line, which had held for so long in 1941***. Around 15:00, it meets the 28th ID of General Stanimir Khristov Grnev at the village of Flampouro. Disarmed with contempt and without care, the conscripts are even for one or two months in camp. Their leader is less lucky: judged responsible for the disintegration of his unit, he is arrested and put under arrest for desertion and incitement to desertion. After a brief court martial, he is shot during the night. Some will say that Major-General Nikola Georgiev Stoychev took revenge for his situation and his own cowardice on more unfortunate than him.

Sofia, 19:45 - Night falls on the capital. In the royal palace, Prince Kyril of Preslav nervously awaits the results of the battle in progress, dressed in his great uniform, heritage of the tsars. At his side, Prime Minister Muraviev does not hide his dark mood.
An usher from the palace announces the arrival of the Chief of Staff, General Yanchulev, who is introduced without delay. The man has a gloomy face and his gait is confident but painful. Arrived at the foot of the throne (remained empty, the regent is sitting on his right), he bows slowly. Everyone has understood, but Yanchulev must nevertheless announce the news - it is his duty.
- I fear that the battle is lost, Your Excellency. I have failed to defend Bulgaria, and I will take responsibility for it before you, before the Bulgarian people and before history.
There follows a very long silence, painful and constrained as in mourning. Muraviev observes the prince: his face does not quiver, he does not bend his back under pain and disappointment.
- How much time do we have before the Germans are within these walls?" asks Kyril of Preslav.
Yanchulev does not raise his head. His gaze fixed on the foot of the throne, he said: "One day, Your Excellency. Perhaps two if our opponent had some problems with supplies. By 2 p.m. tomorrow at the latest, I will no longer be able to guarantee your safety."
- Very well.
The prince still does not let his emotion show, although it was violent. Turning to Muraviev: "Mr. Prime Minister, please order your government to take steps to avoid the vengeance of Germany." Then he continues to Yanchulev: "Mr. Chief of Staff, give order all those who can still do so to leave Bulgarian territory for Greece. Or in the worst case, to Turkey. I don't want all our people to be taken prisoner. The honor of the Bulgarian flag demands that we continue to fly it even if our country is occupied.
The Prime Minister then dared a question in the form of a proposal: "It will be done according to your wish, Excellency. Will you accompany us into exile?
The Prince is stiff as a board: "No. You will leave because you can still do so. You will leave because you can still serve Bulgaria. I can't do anything more for my people. It would be like running away. I am staying here to suffer the wrath of Chancellor Hitler and to pay the price for my presumption and trust in those I thought were our allies. If it were not me, it would be someone else. And I don't want that at any price."
General Yanchulev kneels before Kyril of Preslav, while Muraviev cannot suppress a protocolically inaccurate, but undoubtedly deserved exclamation, "Majesty!"
The regent raises Yanchulev before hugging him, according to Slavic tradition. Then it is Muraviev's turn, who cannot hold back tears.
- Gentlemen, whatever happens to me, know that it does not matter," the Prince concludes. "In a few minutes I will hand over my powers as regent to the Queen Mother. You are now the future of Bulgaria, and it is on you that our hopes rest. I know that you will prove yourself worthy of it. Watch over the Queen Mother and our young tsar. Farewell!"
The trio parts as if leaving a cemetery. As they leave the room, Muraviev risks a glance backwards into the now almost empty room: the Prince is leaning on the throne, he has aged ten years in ten minutes.
.........
Bozhurishte airfield (north of Sofia), 23:15 - TThe air base - one of the most important of the Royal Bulgarian Air Force - is in a frenzy of activity. All the aircraft are ready to fly. Avia B-534, Bf 109, Dornier 17, PZL-24, Morane-Saulnier 406... everything that can take off will have to do so in the early morning to fly towards the allied lines.
The British were informed, they promised to warn their flak batteries, and even to provide an escort. No doubt they don't care about all this mess that will happen to them, but it is always good to deprive the enemy of a little material... And the pilots are not old-fashioned.
General Yanchulev observes this maneuver with a tired eye - he still hasn't recovered from this day. After having gathered his staff one last time, and ordered the dispersion of the units, the hiding or destruction of the equipment and the immediate exile of the border forces (at least those who still obey), he officially entrusts the Bulgarian armed forces to the commander of the Gendarmerie, Major-General Boris Ivanov Dimitrov. Then he locks himself up in his office to take some things, before sitting down for a moment and considering dangerously his pistol. But then the regent's words came back to him. "You are now the future of Bulgaria, and on my hopes rest on you."
Impossible to run away - it would be worse than cowardly, simply unworthy. So he decides to leave the country by plane, rather than stoop to asking for the protection of the Reds, as he had thought for a while.
The general climbs into his aircraft, a Dornier Do 17 P. Behind him, a childlike figure is about to board another aircraft, along with several women - the young Simeon, Queen Mother Ioanna and her attendants... Yanchulev cannot suppress a dark feeling. He finally gets on the plane with his aide-de-camp and some other officers, settling as well as possible in the narrow fuselage. A mechanic greets him before closing the door, leaving the general alone in the darkness of his heart.
.........
Embassy of the USSR in Bulgaria, Sofia, 23:20 - "Welcome, Mr. Prime Minister! The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is pleased to welcome you within the walls of our embassy. You, your relatives and all the members of the government who are accompanying you."
Muraviev cannot suppress a tight smile as he listens to the honeyed speech of this petty diplomatic attaché. Obviously, Lavrishev is still not here! If that idiot had done what he had promised...
After his meeting with the Regent, the Prime Minister quickly examined ways to leave the country. By car? Too risky, the panzers are blocking the southern road, and Turkey...no thanks! By plane? That's what Yanchulev chose, just like the queen mother and the young tsar... But Muraviev doesn't like planes very much. By boat? The sea is too far...
There remains the Soviet embassy, hoping that the Reich continues to want to maintain the fiction of an independent Bulgaria. A very unpleasant choice, and even more so now.
Muraviev finally says: "I thank you for your understanding, sir (Damn, he forgot the name of the attaché. Too bad.)...I have no doubt that our presence here will not last, considering the evolution of the international situation and... the safe-conduct that you perhaps will manage to obtain for us."
The man strokes his chin for a moment with a sympathetic look, before answering, "Oh, Mr. Prime Minister! A safe-conduct would be of no use against Herr Beckerle's SS! I'm afraid you'll be our guest until our armies arrive. (He does not even have the delicacy to add "or British forces"). What a tragedy indeed, the Reich respects neither international law nor legal governments! Anyway... I don't doubt that the young tsar will succeed in leaving Sofia by plane. A good idea really, we thought of it too! But I don't see General Yanchulev. Do you know how he will leave the country?"
Why Muraviev, who knows perfectly well, answers: "No, I do not know"?...
.........
Bozhurishte airfield, 23:45 - The first Dornier finally lines up on the runway, after a small delay due to a hydraulic leak. taxiing with all lights on in order not to risk a collision with a vehicle, in the disorder which reigns on the airfield, the pilot makes the most of his two 865 horsepower BMW 132N.
Finally, the plane takes off. As it veers over the facility, the general breathes.
At least he won't die without having served his country.
He does not hear, the co-pilot yells "Vnimavaĭte! Vrag vdyasno!" Too late, tracers come out of the night and riddle the Dornier with impacts. The aircraft seems to remain motionless in the sky for a moment, then its tank explodes and it breaks in two. There are no survivors; the flak batteries fire into the void, without hitting a dark silhouette that one of the servicemen described as "a fast twin-engine aircraft, with a rounded shape and double drift". However, II/NJG 2, the only night fighter unit in the sector, was equipped with Junkers 88, which had only one tail fin, and its very Germanic archives do not mention any flights in this sector, which is very far from the air corridors leading to the Reich.
General Yanchulev dies without knowing it, but he may have just saved the life of his young tsar.

On the air - Radio Neue Europa no longer really tries to galvanize or frighten the Bulgarians. It is no longer necessary. It prefers to describe in detail "the route of the cowards, which leads to the Jewish and Anglo-Saxon lines, or even to the stench of the imbeciles." A kind of invitation to travel for a young ruler...

* After the war, Major Spiro Moisiu, trying to maintain his influence, played the USSR against a Yugoslavia that he considered too present. Accused without proof of "fascist activities" in 1946, he was expelled from the army. This did not prevent his son Alfred (born in 1929) from becoming president of the Albanian republic!
** Taken from the Turks in 1912!
*** In this highly fortified sector, the Greek army had built no less than 603 concrete structures, including 5 artillery casemates and 23 underground fortified shelters.
 
15/09/43 - France
September 15th, 1943

Provence
Südwall (west)
- The village of Saintes-Maries de la Mer falls to the 1st Rangers Btn, but the Rangers are still 3 kilometers from the Petit Rhône. During this time, the Germans of the 338. ID (or what is left of it) retreat in good order and evacuate to the west bank. The grenadiers of the 338. ID, stationed in the Hérault, have come into contact in the Camargue. Outnumbered, the division is almost completely destroyed, but it allowed to gain a precious time.
The 355. ID, the 334. ID and the 60. PzGrD (from south to north) had time to come and defend the sector, where their deployment is more or less advanced. The 11. Panzer remains in the background to counter a secondary landing or an Allied breakthrough.
.........
Liberation - Along the river, the situation stabilizes with the arrival of the 110th RCT, accompanied by the 776th TD Btn, between Arles and Tarascon. To the north, in the Vaucluse, the narrowing of the front and the arrival of the French DI facing the Drôme allowes the withdrawal of the 2nd US-AD, which passes in rear position.
The Rhône river is now bordered on a hundred kilometers by four divisions of the US Army, while the two French corps hold firmly the front line in the north and to the east. At the same time, the reserves now included, in addition to the 2nd US armoured division, two parachute divisions, two commando brigades and the French 1st DIM, even if these units are weakened or still not very well trained.
.........
Südwall (north) - The 2. SS Panzer Das Reich regroups north of Montélimar. The division had started fighting ten days earlier at about 70% of its strength, including a new heavy tank battalion, the 102. SS Schw Pz abt, equipped with 21 Pz-VI Tigers (and 10 Pz-IV). But very quickly, this (incomplete) endowment melted like snow in the sun due to mechanical problems*, due to the inexperience of some crews with their new mounts or because of the incessant air raids, so that the division attacked with only a few vehicles of the battalion in question. On 15 September, the 102. finally has twelve Tiger operational (and five Pz-IV), but overall, the Das Reich is in the same sad state as when it arrived in France in the last days of August: at about 40 % of its nominal strength.
On the other hand, the KGs amalgamated from the 1. SS Panzer and the 14. SS PzGr hold out. Flanked by the Fallschirmjägers on their left, the KG Meyer and Peiper face two two French DI and two DB on a line Grignan-Bollène, while KG Witt, around Pierrelatte, has to prevent any overflow by crossing the canal. However, it does not prevent the 7th Chasseurs Ardennais from gaining a foothold on the peninsula. In the minds of all the Belgian veterans, and even the recruits who have heard the story a thousand times, the name of a village that the Chasseurs had known well three years earlier: Pont Saint-Esprit.

Alps and French Riviera
Liberation
- The situation also stabilizes for the French, who advance as the Germans withdraw. The legionnaires of the 15th DBLE and the 3rd DIM, which push towards Dieulefit, are blocked by the German parachutists, but also by the fatigue of almost two weeks of intense fighting, finally on the territory of the Mother Country. The 3rd DIM is now fully deployed. The 3rd RTM cleans up the hills and presses north-west, the 6th RTS, in company with the I/7 RCA, is engaged on the D70 but finds itself blocked at the Mielandre, where the Fallschirmjägers have taken up position.
Immediately to the east, the 10th DI is now also in contact with a tangible enemy: the 157. Gebirgs-Division. Arrived from the Grenoble region where it was transformed into a mountain division less than two months earlier, it prevents any progression from the Motte-Chalancon, blocking access to the Sarcéna mountain and the Valdrôme, and settled on the heights controlling the outlets of the Aspres valley.
Around Gap, if the Alpine hunters have caught up with the 2a Divizione Alpini Monterosa (which is still in the process of being deployed) by controlling the Pic de Bure massif, they could not advance further than the entrance to the Durance valley leading to Embrun. The north is controlled by the Italians and to the east, the Ubaye valley is held by the Austrian mountain men of the 188. Gebirgs-Division, which also have to face the 4th DMM.
Finally, to the south, furious fighting takes place in the Estérel between the 9th DIC and the 148. ID, which has recovered well.

In the air
Liberation
- The feat of the day is achieved by Lieutenant Porter B. Forst. aboard his A-36, he scores a double which makes him the only Apache ace of the war, with only three Apache aircraft left in his squadron. On mission with the 86th FG to the north of the front to track the movements of the retreating Germans, he first shot down an observation Storch . On the way back, his group was involved in a confused fight between thirty Bf 109s against as many Air Force and Navy aircraft. He then obtained a second confirmed victory, his fifth.
Lieutenant Forst flew for another ten days on the A-36 before being assigned a P-51B "Workhorse" as his new mount. His A-36, along with a few others, will have a second career in Burma with the 1st Air Commando Group.

* The gearbox issue was resolved in February-March, but there are still problems with the hydraulic brakes and tracks (excessive wear).
 
16/09/43 - Future
September 16th, 1943

Reich Ministry of Armaments and Munitions, Berlin
- Minister Albert Speer approves the production plan for the Elektro-Boote, which is to be passed on to the shipyards already selected. In spite of Guderian's cries for help, the Inspector General of the Panzerwaffe, Dönitz obtains the necessary steel allocation from Speer. It must be said that the Grand Admiral has the full support of the Führer, as the U-Bootwaffe remains the only offensive weapon of the Reich, which continues to retreat on all fronts.
As far as naval construction is concerned, the method chosen should enable a rate of construction that only the United States has achieved to date. Otto Merker conceived a revolutionary plan: there will be no prototypes, no acceptance phase by a verification office, despite the wishes of Admiral Werner Fuchs, head of the Hauptamt Kriegsschiffbau. The series production will be launched immediately, the inevitable problems having to be solved after the delivery of the first units for testing and crew training. The submarines will be made up of sections manufactured in parallel hull sections plus the bridge block for the Type-XXI (oceanic) and four hull sections plus the bridge block for the Type-XXIII (coastal). Each particular section (engine room, hold, crew quarters...) will be produced by four factories spread over the territory of the Reich, then equipped by at least two shipyards before being transported to the shipyard in charge of the final assembly.
The details of this complex organization will have to be covered by the greatest secrecy. In this way, enemy air attacks could not paralyze the production. The transport of the sections will be carried out by the waterways (for the Type-XXI) or by rail (for the Type-XXIII). At the end of the spring of 1944, a monthly production rate of 33 Type-XXI units should be reached, for an operational service at the beginning of 1945.
Finally, for the Type-XXI, the total construction time (including the production of steel elements) will be reduced to nine months, of which a maximum of two to three months in the final assembly. With the traditional process (complete construction in the same hold), at least eighteen months (and probably more like twenty-two) would have been necessary to build a submarine of such complexity. The prototypes would have only been available at the end of 1944 and the first operational units in 1946, which is naturally unacceptable For the Type-XXIII, much smaller and rudimentary, the construction time will be four months.
Of course, the success of this organization will require an increase in production rates, with a transition to a 72-hour week, or even longer. Finally, to protect the assembly of Type-XXI submarines in yards that were increasingly targeted by Allied bombers, the construction of giant bunkers to house the installations, begun in 1941, is accelerated, with increased use of forced labour.
 
16/09/43 - Occupied Countries
September 16th, 1943

Conducator's Villa (Băneasa, northern suburb of Bucharest)
- Marshal Antonescu - and, in his person, the entire legionary regime - welcome with relief the news of the fall of Sofia and of the collapse of the Bulgarian insurrection. The best-case scenario was achieved: the Germans crushed the traitors in one fell swoop, who were hardly helped by the British, while the Russians kept quiet for once. This unhoped-for outcome opens up great prospects for the recovery of the Iron Guard, which had been broken in January 1941, but of which the Germans kept the few surviving leaders under their wing.
Antonescu is therefore quick to take advantage of this victory, which was not his own, to inflict a new turn of the screw on the country, repressing with ever greater vigor the symptoms of treason and defeatism. Deserters, black market traffickers, critics of the of the alignment with Germany and Jews will all bear the brunt of the legionary fury. With his Minister of the Interior, General Constantin Petrovicescu, the Marshal even hopes to finally purge his country of the leprosy that caused his defeat, and that he had already often accused*.
But the Conducator does not forget the propaganda! Also he publishes for the occasion a new Order to the Armies supposed to remotivate the troops by calling to the resistance against the Reds - at the price, however, of some distortions of reality.
"Order of the day n° 219 of Marshal Ion Antonescu to the Army, on the occasion of the capture of Sofia.
Dear compatriots
Stand on the front line, proud of your deeds, in front of those who threaten you and judge you from above, for you will punish them.
Your struggle is just. Your action in the occupied lands and through the ravaged regions was gentle and humane. No one among those who submitted to our arms was robbed or beaten. For to us, Man is Man, of whatever nation he may be, and no matter how much a nation does us harm.
Thus, all those who have stood in our way have been helped and protected as human beings. We have not driven anyone from their homes and you have never plunged your dagger in anyone's chest. No innocent people have been thrown into our prisons, and I am not lying! Everyone's faith and political convictions were respected. We did not exile individuals or whole families from their towns to satisfy our political or national interest.
The day will surely come when Justice will triumph over Vice
."
With this rather pathetic speech, Antonescu hopes to bridge the yawning gap between him and his last supporters on the one hand, and the army and the people of Romania on the other.
But deep down, he knows very well that his regime is constantly losing ground. This war must be stopped - now! So, discreetly, while the fate seems to him a little more favorable than before, the Conducator decides to consider negotiations with Moscow!

A discreet house in Bucharest - Emil Bodnăraș, an undisciplined artillery officer** who deserted to the USSR in 1932, is back in the Romanian capital. It is a dangerous stay for him in these times: Bodnăraș is now a Soviet citizen (he was even an accounting officer in Astrakhan), and he is above all a special agent of the GRU!
Moreover, he is a criminal: illegally returned in 1935 to his native country to accomplish unclear tasks, he had the misfortune to meet a former classmate on the train from Bucharest - the said classmate hastened to denounce him to the police officers on duty in the train. Sentenced to ten years of hard labor for "desertion in peacetime, theft of official acts and crimes against state security",
Bodnăraș was released on November 7th, 1942, thus without having served his full sentence, on the proposal of the Romanian secret services, who then thought they had turned him around! Bad luck: the man had met in prison a certain Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej - who had convinced him to join his underground communist organization separate from the official CP (led by Ștefan Foriș and now in complete decay).
Bodnăraș was obviously thrown into an internment camp as soon as he was released from prison...but it was very easy for him to get out (for a respectable sum) and then to reach Galați.
He stayed with his brother Manole, and then ran an important spy network in that city under the cover of a lime, cement and tile company (which justifies a lot of displacements). In this context, by dint of a whole network of relations, he finally succeeded in corrupting colonel Enache Borcescu, of the staff of the Royal Armies who transmitted to him throughout 1943 numerous sensitive data (troop movements, orders of battle, projects...) through the intermediary of the agent "Klender" whom he met in a Greek Catholic church in Bucharest. At the very least, this information facilitated Molot's success...
But it was not the military thing that brought Emil Bodnăraș back to Bucharest. Officially, he is in exile because of the Soviet offensive, which occurred while he was hospitalized for an appendicitis - which, curiously enough, did not result in an operation, but allowed him to be in the same room as Gheorghiu-Dej for several days. Unofficially, following his talks with his mentor, he is in the capital to liquidate Foriș's CP for good, in order to replace it with a new Party, more promising and around which a Popular Front will be formed, allowing the tipping of the country. With the help of foreign comrades, of course...

Lubyanka (Moscow) - While the formation and training of the Vladimirescu Division continues, the NKVD notes with displeasure that the contribution of the prisoners of Molot does not keep promises... In fact, out of the ten thousand volunteers present at the beginning, it was necessary, after thorough interrogations, to eliminate a good third of them for "deviant profiles" - that is, for irredeemably anti-internationalist patriotism. Of the remaining six or seven thousand, a good part of them proved to be unsuitable for enrolment - notably because of a resistance to the lessons of political education given by their trainers! If we add to this the losses due to accidents and those who were rejected for physical unfitness, it seems that the Vladimirescu will not be able to exceed five thousand men, at least for the moment. It is little... especially that the recruits who remain are themselves very far from being all flaming heralds of collectivism! It is however what one hopes of them. For the formation of a communist Romania is the main goal of the creation of this unit!
Beria will judge therefore rather quickly that it is necessary for him to find better representatives of the USSR to present to the Romanian opinion - propagandists, zealots, much more than soldiers. This is why, in agreement with Molotov, he orders the formation of a second division, the Horia, Cloșca și Crișan (named after the three leaders of the revolt of the serfs of Transylvania in 1784 against the Hungarian king Joseph II, also emperor of the Holy Germanic Roman Empire - this revolt ended very badly for its leaders).
This unit will have a division in name only - but it is not important, because it is absolutely not destined to go up in line. For the time being, this formation is simply to perform a public relations task. Then, later, as the Soviet advance, it will have to take over the administrative organs of the Kingdom - by recruiting the local administrators and dissolve the remnants of the old system by armed pedagogy.
Commanded by general Mihail Lascăr - the former commander of the 1st Mountain Brigade, captured (also...) in Odessa following an unannounced German withdrawal - the Horia, Cloșca și Crișan will therefore recruit mainly communist activists (among them. Valter Roman, a former member of the International Brigades). But this does not mean that the Vladimirescu's soldiers will have no use! Between propaganda and management of the liberated territories, there will be work!
.........
"My integration was not self-evident: I first had to undergo a friendly - but thorough - verification of my military background. Origin, reason for enlistment, previous units, campaigns... Obviously, I didn't have my military book for a long time, if it had any value in the eyes of the Comrades.
Fortunately, my profile had turned out to be without a hitch: enlisted "pushed by propaganda", native of a region friendly to the Workers' Fatherland, young, not having served in the USSR - and therefore could not be suspected of any crime against Soviet civilians, I spoke Russian better and better. That was useful.
So I was finally on the right side of the fence. But the Army of Workers and Peasants had not yet admitted me into its ranks! In addition to a welcome physical overhaul, I still had to destroy the lies that had been taught to me.
The sessions of historical and political education followed one another, devoted to tear the veil of deception that separated us from our Comrades. The Heroes of the Soviet Union offered the good example: the Comrade captain and his assistants told us at length with great detail the fate of many great soldiers, such as this rifleman who used his body to protect his comrades from the machine-gun fire that was there***...
However, not all of us were yet equal in their neophyte ardor. Sitting next to me, a compatriot sighed ostensibly as he listened to this account: "I was a machine-gun servant, I know that a body does not stop bullets!" This reaction did not go unnoticed - by the next session, he had disappeared, transferred to another group. I, on the other hand, stayed in my place.: "It's better to be one of the few than one of the many," as my father used to say." (Farewell my country... once again, Vasil Gravil, Gallimard 1957)

* Extract from a note dated August 31st, 1942: "It is necessary to reveal to the country the Judeo-Masonic political plot, which compromised and threatened the economic life and spiritual development of our Nation and whose representatives were the "nationalist" parties of Transylvania and the Kingdom. If I were to leave this situation to the heirs of the Regime, I would be an accomplice to this crime. Therefore, I want to clean up the whole country at any cost, to purify the Nation from this mire. I want to fight from now on all those who have put themselves in my way (...) or who will put themselves in my way to prevent me from answering the wish of the immense majority of our Nation."
** From the evaluation report written by Colonel Ioan Rizescu, his superior at the 12th AR: "[despite his real competence], Lieutenant Bodnăraș remains an officer lacking tact, willingly prone to drunkenness and regularly associating with unpatriotic people."
*** Alexander Matveyevich Matrosov, of the 56th Guards Rifle Division, died in Ukraine in the spring of 1943.
 
16/09/43 - Asia & Pacific
September 16th, 1943

Indochina Campaign
Battle of Laos
Laos, 10 km north of the Hayabusa base
- The column of vehicles and infantrymen stretches interminably in the jungle. Giant teak trees shade the runway. Between them multiple more modest species grow between them. From the branches of the banyan trees fall tight rows of roots fall from the branches of the banyan trees, forming like digitized fans. In the shade, in the middle of the brown and green of the trees and the tangles of lianas, burst the incongruous spots of red or purple flowers. It is not a silent or motionless world. In the canopy, swarms of monkeys fight in the middle of multicolored birds. Gigantic butterflies come to gather the wild flowers offered to their covetousness. However, for humans, the smells that rise from the forest are often the most unpleasant. Some flowers emit a smell of carrion which mixes with the pungent smell of vegetable decomposition.
The Japanese convoy is often forced to stop. The "rebels" remain invisible, but not the traces of their depredations. Tight trenches cut the track, intersecting with intact portions. For the Tenno soldiers, this is an unpleasant and potentially deadly routine. At each obstacle, scouts deploy on both sides of the road, armored cars point their weapons on all sides. All that can be heard is the sound of idling engines as men taking cover behind the trucks and the first trees, weapons in hand, holding their breath. However, the expected ambushes rarely materialize... CLEAR! Once the sentries are in their posts, the work begins. Shovels, pickaxes, hammers and saws are activated. The trenches are filled with earth and banana tree trunks. Then the column starts again... until the next sabotage.
In this way, the average hourly rate of the convoy is ridiculous.
The afternoon is well advanced when the vehicles of head arrive at a Laotian ban to find it abandoned. The armored car which progresses in scouting stops in the middle of the place of the village square. The signs of an abrupt departure are everywhere. Clothes, baskets, kitchen utensils lie on the ground. The traces suggest that a troop of "rebels" has come to help the farmers to move (and if necessary to push them out...).
Frustrated, the Japanese settle for the night in the abandoned huts. In the absence of the inhabitants, it is impossible to execute the order to "secure the village". This is indeed a euphemism for "carrying out brutal reprisals on the population without worrying about their possible guilt".
 
16/09/43 - Eastern Front
September 16th, 1943

Operation Suvorov
Angry buffalo
Belarus
- A new low-pressure system from the North Sea crosses the battlefield.
Among other consequences, the heavy rain once again interrupts the activities of the air forces - for once, this is rather convenient for the Soviets, who can therefore bring new forces across the Dnieper River while remaining on the defensive everywhere else but in Jlobin.
.........
Bialyničy region ("Suvorov-Center") - German forces set out again in the rain to clear the 15th Army bridgehead, but this time the circumstances are clearly unfavorable for them. Between the lack of air support, the lack of armor support and the fatigue accumulated during the last weeks, the Landsers of the 134. and 197. ID are not at their best.
Ivan Fedyuninsky's early morning attempt to advance south, towards Shepelevichi, is quickly thwarted by the German activity - the Soviet prefers to recall his troops to defend himself against the new assaults that hit him. And his men resist successfully!
Like the day before, the Reich forces only advanced one or two kilometers. They certainly took Hlybokaïe, but everywhere else, the frontovikis hold on. Near the village of Kostyukovichi, in the west, they take advantage of the local rivers. And towards Kuncy, in the south, they have held in a depression of about twenty meters and aligned without difficulty the attackers who cut themselves on the sky while trying to cross the ridge.
To the north-east of the pocket, towards Teterin, the German forces advanced even less, probably thanks to the artillery support offered to the defenders by the 3rd Guards... even if Nazi officers prefer to blame the high proportion of Hiwis in the 134. ID (up to 25% in certain units!). However, this ideological bias does not prevent the XX. AK to solicit the VI. AK so that the latter shows a little national-socialist solidarity by occupying its Slavs while others do the dirty work... With a visible lack of enthusiasm, Jans Jordan thus orders the 6. and 26. ID to cross the Drut - but these unprecedented attempts are pushed back without difficulty by Ivan Zakharkin's troops.
Clearly, for the 9. Armee - as tired as its adversaries - the question of the interest to reject the 15th Army on the other side of the river starts to be asked!
.........
Kirawsk region ("Suvorov-Center") - The rain that falls does not really do the business of the 19. and 20. Panzer, now obliged to advance in hostile undergrowth under a heavy rain, without any air support and with a notoriously insufficient infantry support. Certainly, the 17. ID of von Zangen does what it can, but even with the best will in the world, a single division has trouble clearing the rear of a 16 kilometer front which has just advanced 14 kilometers in 24 hours.
The panzer divisions go back on the attack to definitively reject the Reds in the Drut river before going back down to Jlobin to settle the score with the invader. The 15th Army, still in a state of confusion - some of its elements were even close to dissolution - is in no way in a position to oppose it and continues to be pushed rapidly northward. Unfortunately for Schmidt and von Lüttwitz, three kilometers after Pierunava, beyond the crossroads leading to Stajki, Chachevichy, Biorda and Kirawsk, Panzer IV and Leopard have the surprise to be caught by Soviet armored vehicles, practically new, well supplied with ammunition and with an excellent morale: the 22nd Armored Corps of Mikhail Volkov, regenerated by the contribution of tanks and crews of replacement, has just entered the dance.
Competent soldier (although without many scruples - he took part in the repression of the Tambov uprising in 1920), Volkov knows that he has no chance of reaching the Kirawsk pocket, if it still exists. Having himself commanded infantry units*, he has already gauged what is left of the 29th Army ... He therefore deploys his tanks in small groups, which retreat at the pace of Managrov's infantry while making the fascist tanks pay the price of their advance, without exposing themselves too much.
Its presence is very bad news for the Heer, which soon finds itself having to fight in dark and humid woods, far from the previous day's rides... The Reds are still retreating, of course (Borki and Kolbaŭ are reached in the afternoon) - but they make their retreat too costly to be worthwhile.
Finally, things become too serious in Jlobin for Minsk's taste, and the three German divisions decide to throw in the towel and content themselves with stabilizing the front, while waiting for the forces of the XLIII. AK. The latter finally crush the Kirawsk pocket after almost 48 hours of fighting. The Reds lose 35,000 dead and prisoners - a great victory! Less than 5,000 men managed to escape**. At the end of the day, Karl von Oven's forces start to move northwards to take over from the leading units... They should be in line tomorrow, if all goes well.
.........
Region of Jlobin ("Suvorov-South") - From the morning, without giving the enemy - nor his soldiers - time to breathe - the 3rd Shock Army of Maksim Purkayev relaunches its assault towards Jlobin and Nivy (i.e. the sector held by the 18. Panzer), with the support of its own tanks and the 10th Armored Corps. This one is engaged in too small groups to really weigh, but it does not matter. Alone to hold 15 kilometers of front and in the permanent fear of being overrun by the right - the Soviets would be in Karotkavichy and would already go up in the woods, but it is impossible to know more, because of the lack of reconnaissance planes! - Karl von Thüngen's forces start to retreat northwards, along the irrigation canals to the west of the city. As a result, Jlobin is gradually surrounded, although the 52. ID is still fighting hard in the city, with the support of the 110. ID (which, for the moment, seems less worried than before about the 2nd Guards crossing the Drut).
Meanwhile, the 21st Armored Corps of Trofim Tanashishin - hardly helped in its movements by the elements, but also protected by them - has crossed the Drut and is gathering at Grabsk, to push north tomorrow. The Germans still ignore it, it is true.
However, everyone in the 1. PanzerArmee is well aware that disaster is on the horizon... Kirawsk's forces have to come back as soon as possible to hold the line and push back the Reds, or else the XXV. AK of Wilhelm Fahrmbacher will simply be locked up in Jlobin and annihilated, as Müller will soon be in Salonika.
The peak of the tension is reached at nightfall. Josef Prinner, who commands the 340. ID, announces that the Russians have finally succeeded in securing a bridgehead on the Drut, about ten kilometers south of Aziarany (thus north of Jlobin!), taking advantage of the rain and the weakness of the German forces. For lack of means - it is alone to hold 30 kilometers of banks! - its formation cannot do anything...
This news triggers the anger of General Hermann Hoth - a man who, although a convinced Nazi, was often too realistic not to be considered by some as a defeatist.
The latter calls Rommel directly to Minsk to tell him that, without reinforcements, the situation is simply untenable and that he could not "be held responsible for a surrounding of his forces in Jlobine, which would be the direct result of decisions imposed on him." If he does not like this direct questioning of his successful maneuver towards Kirawsk, the Fox must also admit the relevance of the warning. He does not dally and announces that the panzer divisions involved in this operation, as well as the 17. ID, will go back down tomorrow to Jlobin to lead the planned counter-offensive. While waiting for them, Hoth is authorized to proceed with all the necessary adjustments...as long as he can justify them, of course. In speaking this way, Rommel is no doubt thinking (as he often does) of himself - however, he forgets a little that he himself must sometimes justify the decisions taken by the HG Mitte!
In any case, it is already a little late: during the night, the 1. PanzerArmee begins to prepare the evacuation of the Jlobin forces to a line Aziarany-Dvorets-Parychy. Obviously, the northern flank of Manstein's army group remains assured... But all the same : a retreat of 30 kilometers, seen from Ternopol (where the HG North-Ukraine has its GQG), and even more from Rastenburg, that would be a lot !
.........
"Another day of assaults followed by a game of hide-and-seek with the German tanks.
Hidden behind a mound or in a grove, we tried to line up the first fascist tank that would want to unmask himself. Often, it does so only to destroy the vehicle of a comrade, who had imprudently risked to support the infantry...
The rain which falls hard hardly calms the fires which ravage the affected tanks, nor does it extinguish the uniforms soaked in flaming gasoline of those who run away screaming from the destroyed machines. This is war - what can we do about it? Nothing, except to learn from the sacrifice of others, until perhaps we too fall.
Sasha and his crew seem to have finally understood this rule a little. Their machine now refuses to enter the woods and other narrow passages, as they used to do before. Of course, his popularity with the infantry is affected...but he surely prefers, as I do, to be unpopular with the frontovikis and if this avoids him to be popular with the enemy anti-tanks !
Finally, after having advanced 4 or 5 kilometers northward and having left Nivy on our left, the action seems to calm down... until a machine on our right jumps like a cork in a bottle of champagne***. I look through the episcope for the enemy who has just inflicted us this new loss. Nothing to do, the optics are soaked and we can't see anything...
Finally, not holding any more, I open the pirozhok in spite of the protests of Andrei to examine the surroundings with the binoculars, while Fyodor makes us move back. Nothing near...
Until I finally distinguish, in a grove in the distance, a T6 which withdraws, perhaps out of ammunition. For some reason, I'm sure it's the one from the day before. And I'm sure he and I will meet again... It's going to end up being personal!" (Evgeny Bessonov, op. cit.)

HQ of the Heeresgruppe Mitte (Minsk) - Alone in front of the map - well, in the company of his aides, but they know how to be discreet - Field Marshal Erwin Rommel studies the state of his forces between Kirawsk and Jlobin. It is obvious to him that the situation had not escaped his notice. The XLIII. AK under von Oven simply has to move up as quickly as possible in order to free the three divisions in the Kirawsk area, even if it meant that they had to give up some ground and move towards the south. After all, these arewoods without interest... no one will blame him, especially with this new Russian armored corps prowling around. All the same, this Red Army, what a mass of maneuver - the Balkan Fox would almost revise his judgment of Manstein and Model's performance during "Zitadelle". Almost...
In short - once the 19. Panzer, 20. Panzer and 17. ID are disengaged, they should not take no more than 72 hours to reach Jlobin. Forty-eight if Hoth were to withdraw to the line he mentioned earlier on the phone. That may seem like a lot... but on reflection, it hardly matters. By repeating Kirawsk's move in front of Jlobin, the HG Mitte will only put Büffel's principle into practice once again. The OKH will admit it - and, if necessary, the Führer will hear it without difficulty. A 6 year old child understands the principle of a swing: go backwards and come forwards more strongly. And beware of whoever gets in the way!

Moscow - Always focused on the situation of Jlobin, and without much regard for the unfortunate defenders of Kirawsk - who will no doubt soon join the ranks of the posthumous heroes of the Red Army - Radio Moscow announces "the entry of Soviet forces into Jlobin. They fight with energy and bravery to wrest this new key city from the fascist leprosy, in what is already announced as a new victory for the forces of the Red Army in Belarus!"
.........
Berlin - This speech is not considered worthy of a response by the Reich services - Slavs are used to boasting about nothing, aren't they? On the other hand, Radio Berlin goes on at length about "the triumph of Kirawsk, a new sign of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel's brilliant genius and a pure demonstration of the intrinsic and natural domination of the National Socialist Aryan over the Slavic Jew. For insignificant losses, the forces commanded by the Balkan Fox captured or killed tens of thousands of Red soldiers, destroying at the same time dozens of tanks and considerable equipment.
After this new disaster, it seems obvious that the enemy forces in Ruthenia will not be able to hold territory and will have to withdraw to their original positions, or even beyond
."
Obviously, in view of the events in Ukraine - and more generally of the global situation in Germany at the end of the summer of 1943 - such news can give some hope to the man in the street who regularly sees Western bomber squadrons flying over his home. Nevertheless, would Herr Alfred-Ingemar Berndt not have pushed the envelope a bit too far this time?

Operations Kutusov and Rumyantsev
Zhukov returns
Ukraine
- The weather over Ukraine continues to deteriorate; thick clouds cover the front and rain showers regularly shower the fighters. The operations of the Red Army suffer, of course. Of course, it is not yet raspoutitsa, but it is still enough to make the Soviet offensives sneeze, which already had a cold.
To put these evils in order, Marshal Zhukov flies early in the morning to Moscow, leaving to others - and in particular to Vassilievsky - the task of managing the last actions of Suvorov. Kutusov and Rumyantsev will probably be the last major operations of the year - they are also the last chances for Stavka to register a real offensive success against the Germans in 1943. This means that Zhukov does not want to see the fate of Suvorov... But for the moment, he is stuck in his Lisonov Li-2 tossed by the winds. And while waiting for him, the show goes on, from north to south...

Kutusov - Recurrence?
Mozyr to Ovrush sectors
- The situation is virtually unchanged - the Soviet forces are still waiting for supplies and a firm decision from the high command on the further course of the operations.
.........
Olevsk sector - Another day of confusion in what should be the main axis of Kutuzov. Still unable to agree and coordinate, the Soviet forces multiply confused attacks, that the 3. PanzerArmee has no difficulty to contain - a fortiori under this rain which hinders the action of the Falcons of Stalin and transforms the ground into a quagmire where the shells of the Red artillery sink without exploding.
In the center, the 3rd Belorussian Front continue to push and take Stovpynka at the cost of great efforts. It arrives at the edge of the woods - but in the plain, the bulk of the Panzertruppen of the sector are waiting for it without any worry.
Further down, the 3rd Ukrainian Front does little better. On the outskirts of Zubkovychi, it is only 5 kilometers away from threatening the link between the 6. Armee and the 3. PanzerArmee. But it could as well be five thousand kilometers!
Finally, the only positive point for the Red Army is the advance of the 60th Army, which reaches Obyshche and now seriously threatens the road to Mozyr. Noting that the Soviets are bogged down in the center, Model does not hesitate: he brings up the 10. PanzerGrenadier (August Schmidt). This unit is not at its best, it is true - but it will be enough for what there is to do in these woods and under the rain!
.........
Yemiltchyne sector - The 4th Shock Army and the 37th Army continue their maneuver intended to seize Yemiltchyne, with a caution they began to forget in front of the astonishing German reserve. It is true that the 3rd Ukrainian Front is unaware to what extent of the 6. Armee is out of breath!
Unable to reestablish itself solidly on a new line - and knowing that the 9. Panzer of Walter Scheller will arrive only at the end of the afternoon (Model was a bit reluctant to lend it and preferred to wait for the first returns of the fighting in front of Olevsk...), the XLIV. AK has to retreat. Friedrich Köchling - covered by De Angelis, above all anxious to avoid losses and who knows to what extent his leader has other worries further south - orders the evacuation of this city.
This city is no longer an issue, so that they can redeploy along the Velyka Tsvilya - Pidluby axis.
That is to say a rotation towards the west of barely 6 kilometers, which preserves the communications of the Heer.
The forces of the XLIV. AK forces withdraw in good order - the Red Army is unable to continue. The 9. Panzer, which finally arrives at 15:00 behind Pidluby, covers the maneuver.
Thus ends, in the silence of indifference, no less than six days of fighting, which were of no use to anyone.
.........
Novohrad-Volynskyi sector - Another uncertain day for the 5th Shock Army, which has not found the resources to get out of the quagmire in which it has sunk. The XXIX. AK (6. Armee) is still firmly locking the city. But this doesn't prevent Ivan Chernyakovsky from calling in his artillery at any time of the day or night, and to call in the air force as soon as a target appears - if he can't repel the fascists, he can always hinder their movements!
.........
Around Chyzhivka - And indeed, for Werner Kempf, the problems continue... After having had to cross the Sluch at Chyzhivka during the night, under cover of darkness - but also under the shells of the red artillery - it is now necessary to circumvent the battlefield of Novohrad-Volynskyï, then the lines of the 6. Armee, before reaching the crossing point of Polonne... Damn Russian offensive which lengthens its way, damn 6. Armee unable to hold its lines and damn war! His forces will have to cross the Sluch again tomorrow morning, tonight they will probably be only at the level of Baranivka! All this, of course, without rest nor supply... Fortunately, we are moving away from the front line and it is raining, which should hinder aerial movements but the falling water turns the ground into mud and also seems to dissolve the fighting potential of the III. PanzerKorps...

Rumyantsev - Acceleration
Vysoka Pich sector
- In the woods and wet plains on the banks of the Sheika, the 1st Shock Army begins to launch timid probes towards the forces of the LIX. AK (von der Chevallerie), from the confluence of the Teteriv to Vyla, or even Zhovtyi Brid for some advanced elements - but unable to break through alone. Vlassov, with the help of riders of Dovator (who waded towards Kostiantynivka), seeks the fault at the junction with the 6. Armee... It exists without any doubt, but it is not for all that in a sector favorable to the exploitation! The day ends, once again, with insignificant gains, at best.
.........
Berdichev sector - Even if it started once again with fatalism to assault towards Chudniv, the 4th Shock Army progresses, to the great surprise of Ivan Muzychenko, it must be admitted. Now that the SS have left and the German reserves are held elsewhere, the XXVII. ArmeeKorps fights almost alone, hardly supported by the 205. ID of Ernst Michael, in the north, which still has to ensure the liaison with the LIX. AK! Thus isolated, Karl Burdach says to himself that he cannot consume men and ammunition indefinetly for the simple pleasure of holding some lost villages...
The German forces begin to retreat in good order and under the rain towards Dats'ky and Tyutyunnyky - only 2 to 3 kilometers back. It is not much - but it allows nevertheless Porfiry Chanchibadze to slide his 1st Armored Corps south of the railroad line leading to Polonne like a crowbar intended to break the German device. The tanks stop however, in Beizymivka - for lack of a 311. Stug Abt having gone elsewhere, Burdach has to order his 141. ID, so despised by the SS, to move up towards Haliivka to threaten the red flank. Thanks to this unexpected intervention, the front still holds... for the moment.
Nevertheless, the counter-attack launched by Bittrich a dozen kilometers further south loses all effectiveness. Lacking an anvil on which to crush the 5th Guards Army, the Hohenstaufen strikes in the void at Ivanopil. Fyodor Remezov only has to move back a handful of kilometers to the north, well covered by the 26th Army, and while the 1st Guards Armored Corps bravely counter-attacks the Nazi vanguards. At the end of the day, after being soaked by the rain, the SS hold the ground - but a ground without value of its own and which cost them 29 machines against 41 reds - a very poor ratio.
Finally, even further south, the 9th Guards continue to harass the Totenkopf, looking for a gap between it and the 10. SS-Panzergrenadier Frundsberg. Theodor Eicke took precautions: for the time being, he holds firm between the Hohenstaufen and the Frundsberg. But at the slightest weakness, the 4th Armored Corps (A.G. Kravchenko) is ready to act...
.........
Khmilnyk sector - It must be admitted that things are going from bad to worse for the Heer. The Luftwaffe is not really there, the counter-attack of the day before failed and the Red forces, considering themselves now assured of their rear, are free to resume their march towards the west or north !
At the base of the Khmilnyk salient, the Grossdeutschland and the Frundsberg continue a fruitless fight against the two cavalry corps hurriedly dispatched by Konstantin Rokossovsky.
Moreover, the Germans do not know it yet, but a new mechanized unit, the 1st Mechanized Corps (M.D. Solomatin), activated in haste two days earlier at Koziatyn, has just arrived on the battlefield of Velykyi Mytnyk. This corps joins the battle in the late afternoon and changes the course of the battle. Harassed by the VVS, with no prospect of a quick victory, the Nazi elite forces began to retreat under pressure towards Mytyntsi. The Khmilnyk - Staryi Lyubar road is cleared and the connection with the 5th Armored Corps and the 3rd Army is definitively re-established.
Far from running after the SS for a kind of decisive battle that would bring nothing strategically, these large formations engulf the German lines along two distinct axes. Mikhail Shumilov and his infantrymen of the 3rd Army set off again towards the north to face the IX. AK, thus attacking the heart of the 8. Army. In the evening, the frontovikis are in Mar'yanivka - a little slowed down, undoubtedly, by the last German reinforcements, but in the absence of the III. PanzerKorps, the outcome seems certain... As for the 5th Armored Corps, it runs west in the direction of Starokostantinov, in order to break the link between the 8. Armee and the 2. PanzerArmee. He has 50 kilometers to cover. In the evening, he has already done 20 kilometers (his first T-34 are in Lypky)... and Walter Weiß has nothing left to throw on their way to stop them!
.........
2nd Ukrainian Front sector - For Hans-Jürgen von Arnim, the day had started well... The Hungarians did not pose any particular problem - contrary to what one thinks in Rastenburg, where they think they are likely to retreat at the first whiff of the enemy. In Jmerynka, the Reds are struggling with the IV. AK of Erwin Jaenecke, without doing too much damage. And south of Shypynky, the tanks of von Vormann continue to push back the adventurous, and soon routed, Soviet forces.
But everything changes at about 14:00! A personal phone call from Erich von Manstein changes the orders of the 2. PanzerArmee: "Stop all offensive action, in order to limit the pressure on supplies. Urgently extend the position of the 4th AC to the north in order to close the gap that is being created between the 2. PzA and the 8. Armee. Prepare the immediate redeployment of a KG consisting of the 23. Panzer and at least one ID - the Hungarians of the 7th Corps and the 2nd Magyar AD will have to take over from the 23. Panzer."
Von Arnim is no fool - he has of course deduced that things are going very, very wrong in the north. After having undressed Paul to dress James, Manstein undresses Peter to dress Paul! But of course, he can only obey... The 2. PzA, which had however promising prospects in the South, must thus immediately stop all its operations. On the other hand, Golikov will deduce that he and his troops have simply worn out the fascists, now too exhausted to continue to advance... Even if in his staff, some relieved officers whisper that the rain is surely also for something.

HQ of the HG Nord-Ukraine (Kovel), 21:00 - For the head of the HG North-Ukraine, the situation is getting worse by the minute. His left flank has barely stabilized when his right flank already seems to be on the verge of cracking, with at least one breach that he does not have the means to close.
Of course, Manstein asks about the status of III. PzK - it is on the way, but it should take at least another 48 hours to reach its destination. Of course, he orders von Arnim to bring reinforcements from the south to the north - but they will only be able to weigh in in two days, at best, and the 2. PanzerArmee does not represent the elite of his forces. Of course, he instructs Walter Weiß to "continue to vigorously attack the flank of the Soviet salient with the II. SS-PanzerKorps" - he will always gain time, if he does not cut through this salient.
But all this, Manstein knows, is a delaying tactic. He ignores the state of fatigue and the extreme stretching of the forces of the 1st Ukrainian Front of Rokossovsky. For him, it is almost the whole 8. Armee which is now in serious danger of encirclement. And all this to hold a vague line of villages without importance, whose interest for the Reich becomes less and less obvious with each hour...
A decision had to be made - and that decision is to call Rastenburg... only to talk once again to the inarticulate Wilheim Keitel, to whom Manstein has to explain the embarrassment he is in once again. As expected, the answer is dry and unpleasant: "The Führer is currently with Herr Goebbels and his wife for a long-planned dinner. It is impossible for me to interrupt this high-level meeting - especially without knowing the ins and outs of the situation myself. So you'll have to wait - in the meantime, send me all available material to OKH for analysis."
With a more than palpable hostility, Manstein retorts: "Because you believe that the Russians are waiting for the analyses from Moscow?
- It is indeed possible that this is not the case - and that it harms them. See what Field Marshal Rommel has just achieved yesterday!

That's the last straw - Keitel using Rommel (whom he hates!) as an example and surrounding of a mediocre Soviet army, while he is allowed to stop wherever he wanted! General von Manstein hangs up, disgusted... Tomorrow, he will call back at 8 a.m. - in the meantime, the 8. Armee will hold on, against all odds.

Joint HQ of the 3rd Belorussian and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts (Korosten), 19:30 - It will be more difficult than he thinks... Marshal Zhukov arrived earlier in Korosten in the pouring rain, his mood as black as the shadow cast on his face by his red star cap. He is still a little feverish and sore - the long hours he spent stuck in a noisy, poorly heated plane have done nothing for his serenity.
Throughout the trip, his aide-de-camp, Lieutenant General L.F. Miniuk, heard him grumbling, but he understood only one thing: since Konev was now in charge of Suvorov, he, Zhukov, was going to do everything else!
So he might as well be... unpleasant. On the road, an incident should have already put the ears of his future interlocutors on alert - a sapper who had neglected to answer his driver's question had the fright of his life when he saw the marshal, furious, get out of his car by cracking his fists! The poor man had the presence of mind to instantly rectify his position and freeze in a statue-like attention. A reminder to the discipline as effective as brutal... But for Rodion Malinovsky and Nikolai Vatutin, both of whom are appreciated by the chief and both of whom are certain of their right and their favour, nothing like that can happen, can it?
However, in the underground shelter that serves as a meeting room, and while the two front leaders take their seats opposite each other (Zhukov presides, of course), everyone already feels that there might be some sport.
Vatutin is the first to attack, arguing that the 3rd Belorussian Front had not ceased to hinder his efforts and disrupt his supply lines. The 3rd Ukrainian Front was in the front line during the last Fascist offensive, and it was the one that provided the bulk of the effort at Korosten - it is inadmissible that it should be sidelined for the future.
Faced with Stalin's favorite, it is easy for Malinovsky to answer that if he claims to take the lead for the continuation, it is because the plan of operation orders it to him. For the rest, it is he who (he believes) gave the coup de grace to Korosten. His forces are the freshest and most concentrated - is it unreasonable for them to be in the lead to exploit?
- If he still has something to exploit!" retorts Vatutin. "Thanks to the chaos in your ranks, Comrade General, the fascists have been able to entrench themselves on a new line that you are unable to break through, even though you have been putting considerable resources into it for five days already. My forces are stretched, and yet they are close to throwing down the enemy's device. We therefore need priority, even joint command.
Obviously, Ivan Konev's little adventure has given us ideas. What inspires moreover to Zhukov, busy massaging his temples, a kind of warning: "Indeed, if things continue at this rate, the operations will end up like in Belarus: a 40-kilometer retreat of the fascists and that's it..."
- Absolutely," exclaims Vatutin, "that's why we have to...
He does not have time to finish his sentence - Jean Lopez tells the rest.
"At that moment, Zhukov suddenly got up and overturned the table, scattering cards and pieces, sending a few files flying and smashing one or two lamps. Shooting his two subordinates with insults - "Haven't you two finished pissing me off, you sons of kulaks?" reported the minutes - he brought back in an instant the calm and the silence in the room. This impressive outburst of authority (Malinovsky spoke of one of the "worst tantrums that he had ever witnessed") caused a moment of astonishment among his subordinates. Then Zhukov resumes (a little) more calmly, successively mentioning the recent loss of the 29th Army at Kirawsk, the capture of Jlobin by the Belarusian fronts, the slow start of Rumyantsev ("The scourge of the Turks is very soft, comrades!") as well as the necessity for the forces engaged in Kutusov to do better - in the interest of all! Certainly, the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front could perhaps reach Starokostantinov within forty-eight hours, and thus begin to break the German device, but this success would be possible only if the enemy could not continue to freely move his reinforcements. If he was worried, destabilized - in a word, if he was overwhelmed.
The next part was more unpleasant - a mixture of threats and reminders of reality, as only Zhukov knew how to do, in front of men he had commanded for several years, whom he respected and who spoke the same language as he did. A very clear statement: Kutusov was much too weak, and Moscow was waiting for results. Results that he would be happy to obtain in place of those in charge, if they were to go to Moscow to (for example) explain themselves personally with the Secretary General.
Unless a new mission of the NKVD decided to inspect the front like the previous month.
In summary, Zhukov gave a simple order: "I order you both to move forward without worrying about the rest or your neighbor. And the first son of a bitch in the rear who gives you problems, I swear I'll take care of it myself!" (reported by Malinovsky). These words are undoubtedly to be taken at face value, for those who knew the Marshal - the rest was much more constructive and lasted until very late at night. (Jean Lopez, Lasha Otkhmezuri and R. S. Pratsky, Zhukov, the man who defeated Hitler - Perrin, 2013)

Chernivtsi (Bukovina region, occupied Ukraine) - Something is happening in the territory under the triple rule of the Schuma, the SS and the UNO-R. The latter is obviously plotting something: the detachments made available to the Germans are missing, supply convoys disappear and the forest becomes silent again - it is already not very welcoming.
Those in charge of security on the rear of the Wehrmacht will soon realize the obvious: the Ukrainian nationalists desert! Worse, they turned against their former masters and attack the patrols sent to meet them with the weapons that they had been generously provided to them! Of course, there is not enough to really endanger the powerful Wehrmacht - but it is a nuisance that adds to that of the irritating Communist Partisans (who are undoubtedly rejuvenated by this defection!). To cope, Heer and SS can only put their installations on heightened alert and escort their convoys even more. Decidedly, things are getting worse and worse in what should be a part of the vital space - and future - of the German people.

* A graduate of the Moscow Infantry School, he was chief of staff of the 63rd Mountain Division (Transcaucasian military district) from February 1940 to June 1940.
** These soldiers most often owed their salvation to the fact that they paradoxically fled to the west, where the German lines were a little looser. Having joined the local resistance movements with arms and baggage, they will continue to fight the Reich, further aggravating the disorder in the region.
*** Soviet champagne, of course, not French capitalist champagne. The method of elaboration is very different from the champagne one (based on oak chips instead of foam), this drink has a taste quite far from the one of the tricolor wine... Its manufacturing process will receive the Stalin prize in 1942 - was the Party already considering victories that should be watered down?
 
16/09/43 - Mediterranean, Fall of Bulgaria
September 16th, 1943

Italian Campaign
Italian Front -
Nothing to report but some artillery exchanges. In both camps, we patrol and watch each other with binoculars. Why risk taking a bad blow when the leaders do not ask you anything, for once!

Greek and Balkan Campaign
Operation Presage
The ascent of the spahis
Ohrid region
- As the sun sets over a beautiful mountain landscape, the 4th Spahis Rgt comes into contact with the new German positions on the outskirts of Lake Ohrid. On its right flank, the 1st Greek ID (Vrachnos) is not far away - the first contacts between patrols will take place the following night.
The Gebirgsjägers are perfectly positioned in this bottleneck and, in any case, the orders from Athens do not ask to advance further. The Spahis take their quarters in the vicinity of Pogradec, and halted. The 155 mm guns of the 107th RALCA settle down a little behind. They shell the enemy lines from time to time, just for the sake of it.
This episode marks the end of the 4th RST's infiltration. The regiment demonstrated once again its expertise in difficult terrain... as well as the diplomatic talent of some of its members. With a single engagement in Leskovik, the Tunisians liberated 4,800 square kilometers of mountains and secured the flank of Presage, facing a very weakened German.

The difficult ride of the Poles
Central Albania
- After the unpleasant scuffle of the day before, General Maczek, in agreement with Anders, decides that it is no longer time to take the gloves off. The Jägers have disappeared during the night and the Poles understand that they have been cheated. A delaying action like this can only mean one thing: the Germans have decided to withdraw and are in the process of abandoning a large part of Albania without a fight. And since the permanent agitation of the population has certainly not allowed them
to leave behind them delaying elements in charge of ambushes, the tanks should be able to advance without risk. The order is therefore given to drive without hesitation towards Tirana.
At 13:00, the tanks arrive at Bradashesh, not far from Elbasan. But the crews notice that anarchy has taken hold of the region: small groups of people are fighting in real pitched battles for obscure reasons, when they don't launch themselves in manhunts with the appearance of ethnic cleansing (even if the expression is not yet in fashion). Maczek has to order an armored battalion reinforced by men of the 3rd ID to enter the city to restore order and drive away the militiamen. This police action continues, long and painfully, until the heart of Elbasan. There, for the first time, the Allied soldiers are shot at for the first time, without suffering any casualties. Do the gunmen want to make sure that the liberators will not start shooting at everything, as the Germans would have done?
When calm is more or less restored, the Poles realize that they had saved the day for the Legaliteli under the orders of Abaz Kupi, who claim to have been "attacked by the communists" of Enver Hoxha. As the military despair of being able to resume their advance towards Tirana and then Durrës as evening falls on the once again mountainous roads, the soldiers offer to act as guides for the armored vehicles. After a short hesitation, Maczek accepts : he might as well take advantage of the least good will... The Partisans open the road for the column, which starts again around 5 pm in the direction of the capital.
Previously, the Legaliteli were joined by a large number of other individuals, whose credo seems to be: "Shqipëria Shqiptarëve, Vdekje tradhëtarëve" (Albania to the Albanians, Death to the traitors). This is the motto of the Balli Kombëtar (the "national front" very committed to the Collaboration), but the Poles ignore it. The column thus sinks in the woods...
.........
On the coast, in a region of a relative calm but certainly less agitated than the one crossed by the Poles, the 3rd BMLE of Le Couteulx de Caumont seizes Lushnjë. The command invites it to press on towards Durrës, to the north.

Athens - Two Lockheed F5-A aircraft reconnoiter the Adriatic coast and northern Albania this morning, to take stock of the state of German forces... and of the country's infrastructure. Since the day before, Montgomery has been expressing his bad mood at every moment and his collaborators at the Athens HQ lower their noses; this means only one thing: he is worried. It had been eight days since the start of Presage, and Durrës had still not been taken.
The austere Briton doesn't blame his men - for having fought the Other War, he knows that an offensive is always easier to draw on a map than to execute on the field. But all the same... the reason for the existence of Presage is the Albanian ports. Nothing else. Moreover, reports from SOE and units on the ground bring up disturbing information. Allied forces should not be forced to do law enforcement work, they cannot use the same arguments as the Germans.
Finally, during the conference at 14:00, the photos are presented and everyone must unfortunately conclude that the port of Durrës is destroyed. Oh, the allied naval engineering works miracles, certainly, but it would take at least three weeks to restore the facilities, and the competent units that are not in Provence are waiting in the Aegean Sea for the capture of Salonika.
While the leader of the 18th Allied Army Group wrings his fingers in disappointment and ill-concealed anger, the intelligence officer adds shyly: "General, Sir, I am confused to tell you there is more to say about Tirana... ".
And to show numerous photographs of the city, which reveals a picture of devastation, collapsed bridges, destroyed train stations... but also fires and what seems to be street fights. In the absence of the Germans?

Tirana - In the Albanian capital, the situation turns into a bloody farandole, combining uprisings of crowds excited by agitators, more or less disguised assassinations and direct confrontations between Legaliteli, Ballists and communists. Even when it is not involved in these political-clan struggles, the civilian population, by years of deprivation, loots and pillages without anyone intervening: the gendarmes are either untraceable or affiliated with the Ballists, and the other movements are too busy preparing the future by getting rid of the past.
During this time, in neighborhoods that are apparently calmer, gunshots ring out and members of the agricultural aristocracy or clan leaders killed in their homes - with, it seems, a clear preference for members of the Catholic minority. This is the work of the 1st Assault Brigade of Mehmet Ismail Shehu. A long-time communist activist that studied at the military academy in Naples (at least until his teachers understood the depth of his convictions) before going to the 4th Battalion of the XII International Garibaldi Brigade. Interned in France in 1939, he was forgotten during the Grand Demenagement, then transferred to Italy, from where he was sent back to Albania in 1942. Having joined the Communist Partisans, he climbed the ranks thanks to his experience and has been in command of "his" brigade for a month. Close to Enver Hoxha, he hopes to become soon chief of staff of the Army of a proletarian Albania*.
But for the moment, it is necessary to seize the power before the arrival of the capitalist and reactionary troops. As soon as their task of executioner is accomplished, the men of Shehu throw themselves into the fray. Soon, the communist forces are able to push their opponents to the outskirts of the city before, if all goes as they wish, driving them out of the country.
From their point of view, they purge Albania of "social parasites". They actually destroy the little economic fabric of their homeland.

Northern Albania - General Hellmuth Felmy decides on the new defense position of his LXVIII. Armee-Korps. It will be behind the river Mat, between Milot and Alk. At this location, in addition to the obvious benefit of the river and the wet nature of the ground, the plain (if one can call it that) is only 11 kilometers wide. As soon as the 100. Jäger will have joined him, he will order Willibald Utz to send a battalion to Klos, in the mountains on his right flank. It is unlikely that the Allies will venture there, especially with what the natives are making them suffer (too bad for them, Felmy thinks, they'll just have to do what we do and shoot in the heap, it's the only way to keep those crazy Albanians quiet). But you never know?
Only one thing bothers him: the promised reinforcements are still not here and he has just learned that KG Schimana, of the 4. SS-Polizei-Panzergrenadier-Division, was taken away from him - he leaves today for Bulgaria, where he will be reunited with the rest of his division. In addition to the 100 Jäger-Division (Utz), he only has the 162. ID (von Niedermayer), reduced to two very small regiments, the 164. ID (Lungerhausen), which lost about half of its forces, the few remnants of the 11. LFD (Drum) and the 907. and
914. StuG Abt. This is not much for an army corps!

Macedonia - The 3. Gebirgs-Division deploys between Resen and Otechevo, on the eastern slope of Galicica, located between two lakes separated by only 5 kilometers. The 1. Gebirgs occupies the western slope. The two divisions now firmly hold the gully separating the lakes and occupy Struga, a town controlling the northern road.
The 4. Gebirgs, in the vicinity of Bitola, does not report any confrontation with the Allies. But its position is spread over 20 kilometers of front, and it only has the 92. Grenadier Rgt. Julius Braun insists that the 187. ID comes back in line as soon as possible, which will be done within two days.
In short, the withdrawal of the XVIII. Gebirgs-Armee-Korps is finished. Eduard Dietl can breathe a little, his situation is more or less stabilized.

Siege of Salonika
Stimulated by messages from 18th GHQ, General O'Connor re-launches the XIIIth Corps and ANZAC to attack Salonika. In Athens, Montgomery starts to contemplate the possibility of a failure of Presage, which would make the capture of the port even more necessary.
.........
Salonika (eastern sector) - The Australians of the 6th Infantry Division and their now neighbors of the 51st Highlands are preparing what they hope will be one of the last attacks, or even the final assault, who knows? Morale must be high - as one American general would say**, "the most important six inches of the battlefield are the ones between your ears!"
But the preparations, already complicated by the difficulties of supply, are still hampered by the legitimate humanitarian considerations of the Greeks, who are worried about the fate of the population in these densely populated districts. Thus, Lavarack and his staff spend a lot of time negotiating with the Greek liaison officers the rules of engagement for the artillery (now based in Agios Pavlos). Brian Horrocks has fewer worries: he sends the interested parties back to the Navy and its monitors. Nevertheless, there is a risk of breakage and the dramatic humanitarian situation in the enclave does not help.
The first reconnaissances leave in the afternoon and return in a sombre mood: the Jägers put the package to prepare their last square! The Agiou Dimitriou, Egnatia and Tsimiski avenues (among others!) have been transformed into pigeon shooting fields, and we can bet that Marders are lying in wait behind the rubble. The nut will be hard to crack.
In the falling night, the gaze fixed on the horizon whose few fires raise blue, Mathew improvises a few verses that he underlines with his harmonica: "The Darkness are falling, the Grim Reaper is calling, the Shadows are coming... to life!" His comrades make him shut up.
.........
Salonika (western sector) - The Kiwis of Freyberg are not more cheerful, despite the presence of Robertson's tanks. The Ampelokipoi district will be their target for tomorrow.
.........
Salonika (center) - Would the Allied soldiers be pleased to learn that the mood is not better among the men facing them? Probably not, but the Jägers - who have only two to three thousand able-bodied men left - are determined to make their opponents pay the highest price.
General Müller becomes concerned about the unrest in his remaining rear lines, as he is about to make a last stand. Without taking the trouble to summon his namesake, he sends him a murderous message naming as culprits "the uncontrolled Greek elements for which you are theoretically responsible". Without caring, the leader of the Kampfgruppe begins to distribute the food and ammunition on an ethnic basis. He thus aggravates the tensions within his KG, and of course the frustration of the men of the Hellenic State.
.........
Thessaloniki (a few blocks from Ermou boulevard) - In the evening, looking too serene to be honest, agent Ioannis Padokalis and main inspector Tsarkolis go down Vasileos Irakliou street in the direction of the industrial port. They stop before they get there, of course. The area is no longer guarded by the Jägers, who have long since destroyed what they could destroy. But Herr Müller's followers are still on the prowl, looking for a requisition or even an arrest. In any case, they have reached their destination, a shabby building in Esopou Street, not far from the station.
In sight of the building, Tsarkolis stops at the corner and waves his hand while lighting his cigarette. Interdict, the young Padokalis looks at him with the eye of the one who discovers the tricks of his father. Good boy! He immediately said yes when the inspector proposed to him to try to run with his sister Anthea. Oh, the kid probably has other ideas but Tsarkolis doesn't blame him - that or the Germans... But before getting Anthea out of her cellar-jail, we have to be sure that we can get her out of the city.
And for that, they need a vehicle: they are not going to leave Thessaloniki by oxcart! Besides, there are no more oxen, they were all eaten a long time ago - but a motorized vehicle has other advantages. In addition to its speed, it is likely that the German soldiers will never consider that a car could be anything other than a personality transport.
With any luck, they will react too late. So, a vehicle first. That's good news.
Tsarkolis knows just where to look.
A light turns on in the building; the two accomplices head for the entrance.
Going down to the vaulted cellar of the building, the inspector grins before knocking on the wooden door. Three times, then he waits five seconds before repeating his three knocks and enter. A large room cluttered with... various things that opportunely remain in the shadows. In the center, a game table lit by a small candle. And behind, a bearded and paunchy man with a murderer's face, who greets him with a suspicious cordiality.
- But who is it? Good old Tsarkolis! Pós eísai?
- Achilles, happy to see that you did not move!

The two companions congratulate each other warmly, like two old friends. But the man frowns a little when he sees Padokalis, who is obviously not at ease.
- Who is this kid?
- It's okay, he's... a friend.

Tsarkolis sits down heavily in front of their host and resumes without waiting: "I thought about your proposal, Achilles."
The interested party has already taken out a bottle and begins to serve - two glasses. Ioannis Padokalis manages to decipher the label: tsipouro? The man named Achilles weighs the bottle and looks at his second guest: "You're a bit young for that, I think... Ah, my proposal, Tsarkolis! Have you found a way to get my goods out of the port?"
The interested party sniffs the delicate scent of the liquor for a moment, before swallowing it in one go.
- Sort of, but I'm going to need some help and it won't be free. Do you still have your present from the commissioner?
.........
- But it's a wreck!" exclaims Padokalis in front of the machine that emerges from a pile of straw.
- A little respect, corrects Achilles, it is an authentic Tatra 30 of 1929! Imported directly from Czechoslovakia. It's beautiful, but the Germans didn't want it!
- I understand why! The tires are gone and there is an oil lake under the engine!

This does not seem to disturb Tsarkolis, who concludes for their host: "Perfect! Surely you will be able to repair all that by tomorrow?

Bulgarian affair
Sofia
- It is almost 11:00 when, after a busy night, the young Ekaterina Stayonov discreetly leaves from a building in a western suburb of the capital. Riding her bicycle, she sets out to get home quickly, despite the bad pavement, wondering how she will be able to explain her absence to her parents. In the distance, she hears a rumbling that she hardly pays attention to, all fevered with love that she is. Arriving on the boulevard, she accelerates... and is going to hit at the bend of a curve a metallic wall, rumbling and for the moment immobile. The chief of tank, who was looking for his way, doesn't have a glance for the unfortunate woman thrown to the ground by the shock while his machine starts again. She will be even more frightened (and have a damaged bike), but she will have a good excuse!
.........
It is now ten days since Prime Minister Muraviev declared Bulgaria's neutrality - and today the Reich is ending this dreamlike parenthesis. The main facilities of the city are already under control. They were seized intact: the late General Yanchulev had considered that it was useless to irritate the Germans even more by destruction, not to mention possible reprisals on the population. The tanks of the 1. Panzer Rgt quickly seize bridges, crossroads and administrative buildings, under a light cover of bored fighters - the sky is empty of allied planes. Sofia is now under martial law.
.........
Very early in the morning, the regent Kyril of Preslav addresses his people and the world in a short recorded address, which will go down in history for its dignity - but also by its desperate nature.
"Bulgarians, men and women of my homeland, brothers and compatriots. Today, our nation falls into darkness after having tried to rise to the light. Alone, helpless and unprotected, it has nevertheless risen against barbarism and hatred. Unfortunately, she will pay the price. I hereby announce to the German Reich and to Chancellor Hitler that... I take full responsibility for the actions of my government since September 6th, which have been taken in my name and under my authority. I have given orders to our Army and Administration not to resist and to collaborate with the occupying forces. It is useless to increase the number of deaths by useless violence. I simply ask the German Army to consider the soldiers in its power for what they are: prisoners of war covered by the Geneva Convention. As for me, it is God alone who will judge my actions, and I trust in his judgment. God bless Bulgaria, which will be reborn, be sure of it. And God bless every Bulgarian, wherever he or she may be at the moment."
The listeners perceive some sobs that the regent could not contain. From a political point of view, one will notice that this speech, which tries to preserve the integrity of the Bulgarian state, does not mention the abandonment of the Western Allies, nor the most doubtful role of the USSR.
One does not insult the future.
.........
At 11:30, a platoon of armoured vehicles arrives at Battenberg square***, preceding a battalion of PanzerGrenadiers who disembark from their semi-trailers and deploy in front of the royal palace.
Immediately, a white flag appears on the guard post, and an officer carrying a white cloth comes and declares in German: "Don't shoot, we surrender, we don't fight under the Tsar's roof!" The soldiers ruthlessly disarm the guards, and head for the throne room. Corridors, stairs and antechambers are deserted, which does not prevent the grenadiers from smashing some furniture.
At 11:45, the doors of the throne room open with a bang on the big room, where Kyril of Preslav is waiting. The latter is wearing the same large uniform as the day before - in fact, he has not left it. He is alone. The Feldgrau search the room before the lieutenant leading them walks up to the Prince, who simply says, "I know I'm your prisoner. I hope that you will allow me to take some things." The Regent, with a suitcase in his hand and flanked by four soldiers, crosses his deserted and silent palace, then descends the great staircase. The lowest bell of the Alexander-Nevsky cathedral resounds: it is midday.
On the staircase, an unpleasant surprise awaits him: Adolf Beckerle in person. The SS had hurried to come to revel in the decline of his enemy, as soon as his embassy was cleared by the German troops. In black uniform, cap screwed on the forehead and chin raised, he looks at the Prince with a grimacing smile. "Ah, Herr Beckerle... Do with me what you will, but spare my people," says Kyril of Preslav. The SS pretends to salute the Bulgarian, and replies: "You have played a very bad trick on me. We will do what is right, Herr Preslav!" and he brutally brings down his right hand on the face of the Prince, who takes the slap without trying to avoid it. The SS then completes, apparently anxious to be precise: "And above all we will do what we think is necessary. Take him away!"
.........
"Kyril of Preslav (1895-1959): Bulgarian prince, brother of Tsar Boris III. At the death of the latter, he presided over the Council of Regency set up while waiting for the majority of Simeon II. He tried to oppose indirectly the pro-German policy of Bozhilov, at the risk of stirring up tensions with the Reich and its representative in Sofia, Adolf Beckerle. On September 6th, 1943, he finally decided to break with Germany and appointed Konstantin Muraviev Prime Minister of a government whose tragic fate is known.
Captured by the Germans on the 16th without having tried to escape, he was sent to the Buchenwald camp. He never saw Bulgaria again. However, he survived his captivity and was freed by the American soldiers during the very last days of the conflict, when he was part of a "death column" thrown on the roads by the Allied advance. The Soviets and the government established by them in Sofia will not cease to claim his repatriation to judge him, by accusing him of facts of collaboration committed during his regency. What the interested party will refuse, fearing not without reason for his safety - the destruction of the plane of the general Yanchulev in the night of September 15th to 16th, 1943 were obviously in his mind, not to mention the fate reserved for poor Muraviev and his ministers.
He took refuge in Italy, then in Madrid, where Tsar Simeon II had settled, and died on November 17th, 1959, from the after-effects of his deportation. Although consputed by the communist regime, he is nowadays the object of an official historiographic rehabilitation by the Republic of Bulgaria, which sees him as "the man who raised his head".
Another form of homage: Tsar Simeon had to baptize Kyril his son the Duke of Saxony, born on July 11th, 1964. (Robert Stan Pratsky - Dictionary of the Second World War in the Mediterranean, Flammarion, 2008)
.........
"Konstantin Muraviev (1893-1965) : Bulgarian politician and member of the National Assembly elected in 1923, then from 1927 to 1934. Several times minister, he was chosen by Prince Kyril of Preslav to lead the short-lived anti-German government of September 1943. He was the author of courageous political acts, including the suppression of the racial and anti-Semitic laws of the Bozhilov government (unfortunately reinstated and expanded), he spent the end of the conflict under house arrest in the USSR embassy.
He was arrested in 1944 by the Bulgarian Patriotic Front - that is to say by the Communist Party - under the charge of treason and intelligence with the enemy. Sentenced to life imprisonment, he was incarcerated until 1955, briefly released and then detained again from 1956 to 1961 at the Belene labor camp. In 1963, he was able to publish a book entitled Events and People of the Kingdom of Bulgaria, which deals with Bulgarian politics until 1943. He died on January 31st, 1965 in Sofia." (Robert Stan Pratsky, op. cit.)
.........
"Kyril Dimitrov Yanchulev (1896-1943) : Bulgarian officer who fought in the First World War. Trained at Saint-Cyr (class of 1922), he taught military history at the Military School of Sofia from 1928 to 1929. Appointed colonel in 1934, author of the book La guerre russo-turque de 1877-1878, he was military attaché in London and then Paris from 1934 to 1939. He returned to Bulgaria where he was successively appointed general, head of the Military Academy, and finally as head of the Army Headquarters. He then held a series of other positions of responsibility: deputy chief of staff, major-general, and finally chief of staff under the Muraviev government. Trying in vain to defend Bulgaria against the German advance, he died in troubled circumstances when the plane that was supposed to allow him to flee Bulgaria was shot down during the night of September
September 16th, 1943.
The consequences of his death are controversial. According to some, it prevented the formation of a Bulgarian military force in exile, which the 12,500 men (including nearly two hundred airmen) evacuated would have authorized. But for other authors, the Allies would have refused the constitution of an independent Bulgarian military force.
In any case, out of 12,500 men, about four thousand accepted the "generous offer" of the USSR to be integrated into the Red Army, where they rendered important services during the entry of the Soviet forces into Bulgaria. Among them, about sixty airmen formed a fighter regiment that flew under the Red Star during the last six months of the conflict.
Two thousand men, including about thirty airmen, preferred as opposed to join the Communist banner, to wait in a quasi prison camp in Greece or to join the Foreign Legion. The French need for manpower was such that France (which had hardly supported Bulgaria in September 1943) did not see any inconvenience. This is how Captain Stoyan Iliev Stoyanov won his fifteenth and last victory in November 1944 at the controls of a Mustang, within the GC II/5. After the conflict, he chose to join the air force of the People's Republic of Bulgaria." (Robert Stan Pratsky, op. cit.)

Ihtiman Region (4th Army) - While the routed 2nd Regiment of the 11th Division retreats to Lake Iskar, the 6th Division retreats to Kostenets for what looks like a last stand. The 19. PanzerGrenadier pursues it through Dolna Banya, while the planes of Fliegerführer Scharzes Meer bomb the positions of the Bulgarian artillery. Without any direct link with the troops on the ground, the British fighter patrols in the area fly unopposed and win several victories, but without being able to protect the infantry and the guns of the Bulgarians. In the same way, in the ignorance of each other's positions, the RAF ground support aircraft could only hinder the German supply, without directly influencing the fighting.
With its artillery silenced and unable to maneuver in a plain given over to the panzers, the Bulgarian division fights with the energy of despair. General Rafail Stoianov Banov thinks, by his sacrifice, to allow the survivors of the other units of the 4th Army to flee towards Thrace or, at least, to disappear in the mountains, which a good number of them will indeed succeed in doing. The 6th Division finally surrenders at 16:45, the fight becoming irrelevant and turning to carnage.
At the end of the day, the 19. PanzerGrenadier continues its march southward to Pazardjik, trying to catch up with some escapees. The 2. Brandenburg Rgt (Oberst Oesterwitz), finally arrives from Macedonia, participated in the reduction of the last pockets of resistance. Being away from the main fighting, it is him who, correctly identified by the reconnaissance of the RAF, suffered the most from the bombing and strafing of the Banshees.

The last triumph of the Blitzkrieg
Pernik area (1st Army)
- Faced with the increasingly catastrophic situation of its units now encircled in three separate pockets at Kopanitsa, Leskovets and Pernik, and the while the capture of Sofia is announced even by the allied radios, major-general Nikola Kochev Nakoff requests at 16:00 a suspension of hostilities.
The negotiations begin at 16:25 and end at 16:30: the Germans will only accept an unconditional surrender - no question of military honors. The Bulgarian general can only accept it. Very pale, he indicates that his men will surrender at 17:00 - which gives him time to order the destruction of the equipment and allows the bravest to try to flee in the mountains towards Kladnitsa.
At 17:15, as the Landsers start to gather their prisoners, a shot resounds under the tent that serves as the general's headquarters. Nakoff shot himself in the head with his service weapon. On his table, we find a letter of apology to the Regent, and a second one to his family. The first one will never be transmitted.

Annexed Thrace - With his first elements now halfway to Lake Koronia, Major-General Stoychev learns from the smiling mouths of his German chaperones of the news of the fall of Sofia. The news spreads quickly in the troop, which does not seem too satisfied. But the chief of the 2nd Army has a very simple answer to these veiled reproaches: the fall of the capital only demonstrates the relevance of his choices...

On the allied airfields between Alexandria and Larissa - The fields are overflowing with aircraft with the Saint Andrew's cross. A veritable menagerie of 173 aircraft lands in the morning, often with a passenger or two on top - passengers who are not always military and are sometimes even of the female gender!
At Larissa, three Dornier 17s escorted by eight Bf 109 Gs and a whole squadron of Spitfires land. The twin-engines preferred to wait for the small day before taking off, after the destruction of the aircraft of the general Yanchulev.
The first Do 17 stops at the right of the barracks used as a mess. A group of crawlers sets up a stepladder and, to the surprise of the British pilots attracted by the curiosity, the first to descend is a woman, one of the Queen's attendants, who has a child in her arms - a little czar of only 6 years old. Simeon is followed by his sister Marie-Louise, aged 10, and by two ladies-in-waiting of the queen-mother (and regent) Ioanna. The latter finally disembarks last.
The British officers observe the scene with a phlegmatic eye, before remembering that they too serve a monarchy. A platoon is urgently called to do the honors in front of the pilots and other personnel who open wide eyes at this unusual situation. The young sovereign and his mother will be very quickly taken to Athens, from where they will go to take refuge in the family of Ioanna, in Italy. The royal line of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha still lives...
.........
"Simeon II of Bulgaria (1937- ): born Simeon Borissov Sakskobourggotski, he became Tsar in title at the death of his father Boris III. Too young to reign, he undergoes without understanding the tragic events that shook his country in September 1943, before fleeing with his mother and sister in a bomber of the Royal Bulgarian Air Force. He waits for the end of the conflict in Italy with the House of Savoy, then settled in Madrid where he set up a government in exile opposed to that of the Popular Republic, which did not prevent him from becoming a wealthy businessman. He returned to his homeland in 1996 to great acclaim, settled permanently in Sofia in 2001 and became Prime Minister after elections that saw his party win 42.7% of the vote. We can therefore say that Simeon II has led Bulgaria well. However, he refused to run for the presidency of the Republic, which will be fatal with its political career. Married with Margarita Gómez-Acebo, from the Spanish nobility, he has five children and continues to this day to assume representation functions for the Bulgarian Republic" (Robert Stan Pratsky, op. cit.)

On the air - Is "Der Chef" having a bad day? Tonight, among the usual stream of insults and threats, one notices this curious sentence: "The two divisions sent by the Führer have succeeded in subduing the shameful Regent's regime, demonstrating in a striking manner the intrinsic superiority of the Aryan race. This unique feat in military history, however, cost them severe losses, which proves that, led by worthy leaders, the Bulgarians could have honorably fought on our side."

* Having acquired a reputation of brutality fully justified (at the 1st Congress of the Albanian CP, he declared: "If anyone disagrees with our leaders, we will spit in his face, hit him on the chin and, if necessary, he will be shot in the head"), Shehu will become the number 2 of the People's Republic of Albania. He will be, among other things, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Defense and head of the Sigurimi - the regime's secret police. Partisan of a break with a post-Stalinist USSR judged too understanding towards the West, his zeal will not save him from a curious suicide, a bullet in the forehead in a hotel. Suicide being a crime under Albanian law, Shehu was declared an enemy of the people and buried in a wasteland.
His family will be arrested under obscure pretexts. Some people claim that he questioned the autarkic nature of the regime. Mike Burke, a CIA agent who made several attempts to overthrow the Albanian communist regime, said in 1986 that Shehu was "a big son of a bitch."
** General Mattis, 1995.
*** Named after Tsar Alexander Joseph of Battenberg - known as Alexander I of Bulgaria, the first ruler of modern Bulgaria. After the war, the square will be renamed Russo-Bulgarian Friendship Square by the communist regime, to become September 6th, 1943 Square after the fall of the latter.
 
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