Germany is headed by the President of Germany (Reichspräsident) who is elected for a seven-year term renewable indefinitely by a direct election using a two-round system. The President maintains broad powers, many of which are never used or exercised only at the will of the Chancellor (Reichskanzler). The Reichstag is the parliamentary body of Germany (Deutsches Reich) which is split into two Chambers, the Reichstag and Reichsrat. Universal suffrage over the age of 18 elects members of the Reichstag, which deals with the majority of the legislation of the country, and is where the Chancellor must sit. Members are elected in single-member constituencies. The Reichsrat is appointed by state legislatures, each based on their population (Prussia, being the largest state in Germany, dominates this chamber).
Germany is divided into Free States (Freistaats) and Free and Hanseatic Cities (Freie und Hansestadt):
Free States:
Anhalt
Baden
Bavaria
Brunswick
Hesse
Lippe
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Mecklenburg-Sterlitz
Oldenburg
Prussia
Saxony
Schaumburg-Lippe
Thuringia
Württemberg
Free and Hanseatic Cities:
Bremen
Danzig
Hamburg
Lübeck
Each State and Free City are Republics, with legislatures elected directly by the people. Bavaria and Prussia are the only two states with an upper chamber, which representation is given to the state's provinces.
The system greatly resembles a Westminster parliamentary system due to the fact that the Commonwealth had aided Germany in the civil war against the Communists, and were instrumental in assisting the fledgling group of anti-Communists, while being mindful to promote those more prone to democracy, not wishing to side with the monarchists and other hard-right figures. Instead, the British worked with Zentrum, SPD, and the German Democratic Party to help establish a parliamentary republic.
Today, the political scene revolves around the two largest parties, the Social Democratic Party and the German Democratic Party, each representing the broad centre-left and centre-right respectively. Zentrum had merged into the DDP in the 1960s, along with the Bavarian People's Party. German nationalists and monarchists still remain a strong force, with the National People's Party (unrelated to the similar but defunct German National People's Party, which started the disastrous war with the Soviet Union) being the catch-all for the right to far-right elements of the electorate. The German National Worker's Party is the third-largest fascist party in Europe, holding similar beliefs to the Fascist Party in Italy (the largest and current opposition party in Italy). The German National Worker's Party has never been in government nor in the Opposition, and its appeal is mostly limited to those with little job opportunities and as a protest vote.
The Polish Party represents the still sizable Polish minority in eastern Germany, concentrated in upper Silesia and southern East Prussia, as the region has historically been home to Polish people, but had become a destination of refugee for escapees of the Communist regime in Poland. In Prussia, the Polish Party is split into two, contesting constituencies that are majority Polish, but federally, they are a unified party which allies itself with either the SPD or the DDP depending on their stance on Polish issues. Roughly 4 million Polish people live in Prussia alone, with another estimated half a million living in other states in Germany.