Sardinian Troops in the Battle of Piacenza.
Piedmont would start marching east under the command of Major General Eusebio Bava. The Army of Piedmont consisted of 105,000 Infantry, 3.600 cavalry, and 9 batteries** of field guns. Bava marched his men like the devils of hell were behind them covering the 87 miles between Turin and Milan in just 3 days. The speed of Bava’s march ment that the Major General Maso Venturi commander of the Defense Forces in Milan was not able to gather his full muster of Militia to support his small Regular Imperial Army Garrison of 10,000 infantry, 600 cavalry, and one battery of field guns. When Bava’s men arrived outside of Milan they just 25,000 Infantry, 1,300 Cavalry and 3 batteries of artillery apposing them. The First battle of Milan would be a brief affair lasting just 3 hours from 1000h to 1300h on May 13,1842. Bava’s more numerous army quickly out flanked the defenders who were forced to with draw to the east. General Venturi would halt the retreat at the town of Treviglio. The next station on the Milan Venice Railway, there he would continue to call up militia men and reservist.
Meanwhile on the Southern bank of the Po River Grand Marshal Lazzaro Ennio Sacco was concentrating the forces of the Imperial Italian Army from up and down the Italian Pansolar thanks to the Railroad and a new invention the Electric Telegraph*** in just five days the Italians were able to assemble an army of 65,000 Infantry, 3,500 cavalry, and 12 batteries of artillery members of the Imperial Italian Army, in addition to the 30,000 infantry, 2,500 cavalry and 2 batteries of artillery that the Local Militia was able to call up from the surrounding country side. This force would become known as the Army of Northern Italy. This massive logistical effort was not overseen by the Grand Marshal but rather his eldest son Colonel Luigi Napoleon Sacco. Sacco was forced to divide his force to cover the two most convenient crossings of the Po River. He Kept the bulk of his force at Piacenza on, while he sent 25,000 Infantry, 1,000 cavalry and 3 batteries to Cremona, he placed this force under the command of Major General Enzo Lombardi. Lastly he detached Brigadier General Alexander Marius Capone with 3,000 cavalry to attack the Sardinian Supply lines between Turin and Milan.
Bava would leave Milan on May 16, 1842 after having to detach 5,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry to garrison the city. He would arrive on the north bank of the river Po opposite the city of Piacenza on May 19, 1842. Bava knew he was in a delicate position with his army surrounded by three Italian formations however he recognized that if he could defeat the larges group in detail the rest would fall back due to moral shock. In a move that shocked Bava Sacco allowed him to cross the river with his army before offering battle on the fields south of the city. When the battle was joined at 1200h on May 19,1842 Sacco commanded 70,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry, and 11 batteries of artillery vs. Bava’s 100,000 Infantry, 1,100 cavalry and 9 batteries.
Sacco stuck to the defensive allowing the accuracy of the new Rilfed muskets and his more numerous artillery to take a toll on the Sardinians who attempted to attack the Italian eastern flank. The Sardinian attack lasted for 3 hours before Bava was forced to call it off. Twice the Sardinians almost broke though Sacco’s flank only to have a timely counter attack by the Italian reserve plug the gap in the line at the last minute. At 1500 Sacco launched a feint attack on the Sardinian western flank in the hopes to shifting the focus of the battle to the other end of the line to allow his eastern flank to recover. Sacco was also playing for time, because as soon as Bava’s army had cross the River he had sent a telegraph message to Lombardi to bring his force to Piacenza.
By 1730 Bava was concerned the battle was looking more evenly matched than he expected the new rifled muskets made attacking a costly affair. He had hit the Italian eastern flank hard to start with and had come close but in the end couldn’t quiet pull off a break though. Then the Italians had played around with a series of feints on his eastern flank. He needed to end this battle before they could bring reinforcements to the battle his cavalry had reported dust on the eastern horizon about half an hour ago. He had not expected Marshal Sacco to fight a defensive battle it went against everything that Bava knew of the man’s fighting style; Bava realized that he must possess more of a numbers advantage than the though. Going on this line of thought he sent out orders to reinforce the center of the line with one of his 1 reserve divisions and full attack on the center of the Italian line. His staff officer had just finished writing the orders down when all hell broke loose on this eastern flank.
Lombardi and his men had marched hard making a six hour march in just under 3 hours and upon arriving he had formed up all 25,000 infantry and launched a massive corps sized attack on the Sardinian Eastern Flank as he watched the men advancing in neat formations he couldn’t help but to notice how beautiful war was. The Sardinian artillery and rifle fire was starting to cut holes into his lines but it was still a thing of beauty his artillery was deploying and soon it would start raining death of the Sardinians as well.
Behind the Sardinian lines it was chaos. Bava had watched that beautiful massive attack come in an hit his eastern flank like a wave he had also watched his eastern flank crumple and break too. Only the commitment of a three reserve divisions have kept his army from being flanked with no reserve offensives were out he was now fighting for time till dark ended the battle and he could disengage his men under the cover of a crescent moon.
The Battle of Piacenza was a bloody one (but not as bloody as the one that preceded it on the other side of the Atlantic, word of which was just now starting to filter back to Europe). The Italian Imperial Army suffered 680 men killed in action, 1,320 men wounded in Action and 650 men missing in action. The Sardinians lost 560 men Killed in Action, 1,085 men wounded in action, and 2,600 men missing or captured in action. Bava and his army would retreat back to Milan wait for reinforcements, and build defenses for the inevitable Italian attack to retake the city. Sacco would take two days to see to the wounded and prisoners before having his men march north towards Milan.
*Its easy to be ready for a war that you provoke
**for ease of math all batteries equal 6 guns.
*** The first working system having been invented in Britain by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1834, and Napoleon II having read the reports of the invention by his ambassador had ordered 50 sets of the Wheatstone ABC telegraph for the Imperial Italian Army and Navy. The Weatstone system was complicated and required 5 wires to send messages but it would become the standard in mode of electrical telegraph in the Italian Empire for the next 50 years with Italy not adopting the more common Adams Telegraph clicker and telegraph Phillips code developed for it until wireless telegraphy was invented in the 1890’s.