Fantasque Time Line (France Fights On) - English Translation

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6633
December 30th, 1942

Guadalcanal, on the Seahorse, 02:48
- The day before, Onishi noted with frustration the change in American tactics: not only was their new method of assault more effective, since they managed to clear two thirds of the western slopes of the Seahorse, but it makes them much harder to kill! Admittedly, the bunkers were mostly occupied by the wounded or sick: the lifeblood of the Seahorse garrison is not too badly affected, but Onishi knew that as soon as the Americans reached the top of the hill, his fortress would soon cease to exist.
Dying in the service of the country and especially of the Emperor does not scare him. However - and this is probably due to his experience as a soldier of the rank, bound by honor and discipline to obey orders, no matter how stupid, Onishi is not like most of his fellow officers, who think only of leading a banzai charge to die gloriously under American bullets. A glorious death is not enough for him, he also wants to inflict as many losses to the enemy as possible. To simplify the task of the Yankees by rushing to the slaughterhouse may be honorable, but it is also stupid, as General Kawagushi himself reminded him. And Onishi, the best officer in his division (and, for sure, in the Seahorse), does not feel entitled to die foolishly.
So he has devised a two-stage plan, which should allow him to continue to strike hard blows at those Americans foolish enough to pretend to threaten the Mikado.
The first part of this plan, which he had Colonel Oka adopt without reluctance, commander-in-chief of the Seahorse as the highest-ranking officer still alive (although very weakened by the privations and illnesses he has been enduring for several months), consists to buy some time by counterattacking. Onishi needs to make only one argument: "We heard it last night, the Navy covered itself with glory by sinking many enemy ships and allowing General Kawagushi to go on the offensive on other grounds. Shall we let them take all the credit?" That is why, once again, he finds himself lying in the mud of Guadalcanal, in the middle of two hundred soldiers under his command, his trusty watch on his wrist, waiting for 03:00 to rush to the advanced positions of the Marines, some forty meters below (in reality, they are not Marines, but men of the 164th IR, but for Onishi, Americans, Yankees and Marines are synonymous).
.........
Guadalcanal, on the Seahorse, 03:00 - On the dot, the GIs clinging to the western slopes of the Seahorse are suddenly assaulted by a howling pack led by a familiar figure armed with a deadly sword. Caught off guard, the sentries are overwhelmed; machine guns open fire, grenades are thrown, but the fanatical imperial riflemen drown the American front line in a few minutes of savage hand-to-hand combat.
As if in a dream, Onishi has the sensation of moving through enemies who are advancing in slow motion. His sword regularly swings left and right, parrying bayonet strikes with a disconcerting ease, opening a bloody furrow for his compatriots, who are now throwing themselves on the second enemy line.
A dozen meters ahead, the section to which PFC Burt Krueger belongs witnesses the violence of the assault. Krueger hails from the hills of Montana, where his second favorite pastime is bear hunting - so he's a cold-blooded man. But his favorite pastime is fighting with the local Indians or, more rarely (because we see less of them), beating up a passing negro. But for him, kicking yellows is just as good and that's why he joined the army: to be able to kill monkeys without risking the penitentiary or even the electric chair (some judges lack a sense of humor). So when one of his comrades yells, "Look, it's the guy with the sword!", Krueger is delighted. In the dim and flickering light of a flare, he spots this lemon face waving his toothpick, points his gun, and fires, sure to hit the bull's eye.
At the same time, Onishi brandishes his sword to send his men on their way. The bullet ricochets off the guard, tearing the sword from the captain's hand! With a shrill scream, Private Watanabe, who was following closely behind his leader, throws himself on the impudent Long-Nose and nails him to the ground with a masterful bayonet blow in the abdomen. For a moment disconcerted, his right hand bloodied, Onishi picks up his sword and goes to congratulate his brave Watanabe, when he notices that half of Watanabe's head had been turned into bloody pulp by the rest of the American's magazine. The captain suddenly bursts into a rage: who will now be able to write his letter to the minister? Furious, he takes out his pistol and puts two bullets in the head of the infamous Yankee, involuntarily shortening his suffering: the wound in the stomach was fatal in the long run and, in the immediate future, excruciatingly painful.
Then, Onishi, noticing that he could not see any of his men (standing, at least), returns to his lines with dignity. Out of six hundred men, more than a hundred have lost their lives in this assault, in exchange for barely forty Americans. But the captain ignores this petty accounting - in fact, he doesn't care. For his nightly assault had achieved its goal:
Shaken by this unexpected blow, the Americans were content, all day long on the 30th, to ferociously shell the Seahorse and retake the positions lost during the night.
During this time, the invulnerability to bullets of the man with the sword quickly became known to the 164th IR. Unaware of this fame, Onishi spends the day fine-tuning the second part of his plan, knowing that his fate might be decided the next night.
.........
Guadalcanal, Poha River - To the surprise of the 28th Engineer Regiment, the entrenchments hastily dug in around Kokumbona and on the Poha River (the river that forms the new line of resistance - if that is what it is called) have still not been attacked!
No sign of the Americans or even of their air force, which is concentrating on the Seahorse and on hunting (not very successful today) Japanese ships.
Without complaining too much about their good fortune, the Japanese take advantage of this respite to continue their retreat towards Cape Esperance methodically and in good order. The bulk of the troops and the few remaining guns still available move from the west bank of the Poha to the west bank of the Bonegi, at Tassafaronga, less than ten kilometers to the west. The defenders of Kokumbona take over on the Poha.
.........
Guadalcanal, at Patch's HQ - The Americans are in the fog of war! They know that a major Japanese amphibious operation has just taken place, but while it had been thought that new reinforcements were coming, reports from the light ships plying the Bay and surveying the coast suggest that in reality, there has been an evacuation! Mistrust, advises the Americal's staff, scalded by the previous night's counter-attack on the Seahorse. But Patch is not convinced. He remembers the trenches of the Other War, where morale played such a great role... Nevertheless, he ends up rallying to DeCarre and the Marines, who have been reporting for several days obvious changes in the Japanese position south of Point Cruz.
At 1400 hours, the 7th Marines and 132nd IR are ordered to launch reinforced patrols, to make sure that the enemy is still on its positions. By 16:00, the reports from these patrols are formal: the enemy had disappeared! Patch immediately orders to prepare, for the next day, a double thrust of the two regiments towards the west, inland (132nd IR) and along the coast (7th Marines). At 19:30, he learns that the patrols of the 7th Marines, having taken the initiative to continue their advance, are in sight of Kokumbona. Patch then modifies his position. He orders the 182nd IR to move forward in the darkness to cover the advance of the 132nd Infantry Regiment on the left, in order to allow it to progress more rapidly as soon as the light allowed it. On the right, the 8th Marines is placed in immediate support of the 7th. A dozen Stuart tanks are also allocated to the latter, in order to take Kokumbona at dawn. Only one battalion of the 182nd and one of the 8th Marines, in addition to the coastal surveillance elements and the other tanks, stay in reserve.
Finally, Patch orders the troops that are attacking the Seahorse to finish it on the 31st, before the twelve strokes of midnight...
.........
Meanwhile, in Ironbottom Sound - The mini-submarines delivered earlier this month by the Nisshin have been in action for two days, but no one has noticed it so far on the American side. And for good reason!
The day before, Lt Yamaki's HA-30, delivered by I-16, had its rudder damaged at the time of its launch. Unable to steer normally, it was scuttled by its crew, who were able to save themselves.
The day before, the HA-12 of Lt Mukai, transported by I-24, could not be launched because of damage and had to return to Truk for repairs.
Finally, last night, the HA-11 of Lt Kunihiro, launched by I-20, succeeded in torpedoing the small auxiliary transport Majaba, which was unloading on Red Beach. This one ran aground. The mini-submarine was shot up by the escort, but it escaped! Alas for him, victim of a damage of his gyrocompass, he ends up pitifully grounded on a reef... The crew can evacuate it, but the small craft is recovered by the Allies a few months later.
 
6634
December 30th, 1942

Central Ukraine
- The British Admiralty informs the Soviets of the approach of a very big disturbance coming from the north-west, which should hit Belarus, Ukraine and Romania around January 2nd. The Soviet liaison officer, comrade Evgenia Puzirova, is already aware since the day before thanks to her personal contacts: charming academics from Cambridge attached to the British staffs. She doesn't let it show and warmly thanks the British*.

* E. Puzirova will be awarded the British Military Medal for her participation in the Lend-Lease convoys to the USSR. The affair of the "Cambridge Four" will become one of the biggest spy scandals of the post-war period. See Pavel Sudoplatov, Memoirs, p. 65-66.
 
6635
December 30th, 1942

Operation Kolso (elimination of the remains of the 2. PanzerArmee)

Taking advantage of the lull, the Luftwaffe tries to parachute supplies to the main German concentrations. In this game, the divisions of the III. PzK divisions which are the best at it., but around Jashkiv and Bohuslav, the parcels that fall into the Soviet lines are as numerous as those that reach their addressees.
The day is used by the Soviets to reorganize and resupply the troops and to rest the men, as much as possible. Informed by Comrade Puzirova of the upcoming weather, Rokossovsky decides to wait for the reinforcement of General Winter to finish with what remains of the 2. PanzerArmee.
 
6636
December 30th, 1942

Operation Saturn (against the German-Romanian forces)
Saturn-1
- On the right wing of LIV. AK, the pressure of the 9th Soviet Army is irresistible. In the morning, the 170. ID shatters when after an umpteenth assault of the 14th Infantry Corps, the 2nd Armored Corps takes over. The German division is dispersed into several groups spread between the Koayma River and the villages located to the south.
With its right flank exposed, the 50th ID hastily reorients its position; a fierce assault allows it to retake Berezky by driving out the few cavalrymen and engineers of the 48th Mixed Corps which occupied it. But General Friedrich Schmidt knows that his division would be no match against a large-scale armoured assault.
Around noon, the 50th ID is however relieved on its left flank by the unexpected arrival of the 60. PzGr, whose first elements cut in pieces the detachments of the 9th Cavalry Division forming the right wing of the 48th Mixed Corps. Overconfident, the Soviets had not taken care to really watch their northern flank. Hustled against the river, the divisions of the 48th CM were unable to take advantage of the defeat of the 170th ID to suffer the same fate as the 50. ID.
Rastenburg is immediately informed of this success, but also of the fact that the Soviet resistance is stronger than expected. Hitler decides to reinforce the 60. PzGr with a heavy tank unit, the 502. Schw Pz Abt. But this Tiger battalion could only join the front line in the first days of January...
.........
Saturn-2 - Facing the 2nd Shock Army, the XI. AK signals that it is reaching the limits of its resistance. Ammunition stocks are at their lowest, the wounded are clogging the infirmaries and warehouses, and morale is dangerously low. The Romanian air force is able to free some bomber and fighter squadrons, but they can only save their honor in the face of a much more numerous opponent.
In the afternoon, von Kortzfleisch decides to evacuate Berezovka, which had become untenable, at the cost of splitting his position. The 95. ID could not cross the railway line under the Soviet fire and withraws towards the north-west and the village of Zavodovka, approaching the 73. ID. The rest of the XI. AK (212. ID and remnants of the Romanian 6th ID and 1st AD) is concentrated in and around the ruins of Viktorovka.
Von Kortzfleisch is unaware that the Soviet situation is not much better.
Although only fifty kilometers separate Berezovka from Voznessensk, Soviet logistics are iffy. The few roads are clogged, groups of German and Romanian stragglers attack the isolated convoys and the engineers do not manage to restore the communication routes quickly enough.
But if von Kortzfleisch is unaware of his adversaries' difficulties, he received some really good news around midnight: the first elements of the Guards Division of the 5th Romanian Corps reached contact, in Stepanovka.
.........
Saturn-3 - End of the battle of Krasnoye. Reduced to a few isolated groups fighting for their survival, the 8th Romanian ID is crossed by the Soviet forces, in front of which the cavalrymen of Racovita's 6th Brigade are trying to escape from their counterparts of Selivanov's 2nd Corps. The rest of the 51st Army marches towards Fedorovka, where the 215. ID, supported by the Romanian 8th Cavalry Brigade, is feverishly entrenched.
To the left of the German division, the Romanian 13th ID dig in on the west bank of the Tylihul.
On the right of the 215. ID, the 14th ID ensures the link between the XXX. AK and the 2nd Romanian Corps, facing in particular the 79th BMS.
Along the coast, the 5th and 8th Marine Brigades are regrouped, but, under the pressure of the two divisions of the 2nd Romanian Corps, the 5th and 8th Brigades of the 2nd Romanian Corps, have to withdraw around Rybakovka. Near the sea, their situation improved, thanks to the intervention of the old cruisers of the Black Sea Fleet Krasnyi Kavkaz and Krasnyi Krym, whose artillery provides welcome support.
Generals Kleffel and Macici agree on the necessity to crush these troublesome Marines so that the 2nd Corps could come to support the XXX. AK. To this end, as there is no question of disarming Odessa, the two generals obtain from Reinhardt the dispatch of 2nd Romanian Mountain Brigade, from the reserve of the 11. Armee, to support the two divisions of the 2nd AC.
.........
The engineer officers of the 18th Soviet Army, energetically motivated by the special representative of the Stavka, Lev Mekhlis (who has just been reprimanded by Stalin), assure General Petrov that the Nikolayev bridge will hold! The crossing of the Bug is thus once again allowed to the heavy vehicles of the 9th Armored Corps.
The columns of the 18th Army are now heading towards the front, forming a nice target for bombers. However, the attempts of the FFAR squadrons are repulsed by the MiG-3Us of 126th IAP, vigorously motivated by their commander, who has no desire to be transferred to the head of a mine-clearing detachment in the Belarusian marshes.
 
6637
December 30th, 1942

Italian front
- As the weather improves a little, French tankers of the 3rd armoured division and the Belgians of the 1st Armoured Brigade, as well as the infantrymen of the 34th US-ID resume their efforts towards the Civitavecchia-Viterbo line. However, the advance is very slow because of the stiffening of the German forces. Colonel Piron is slightly wounded by an 88 mm shot while he is carrying out a reconnaissance on the front.
The soldiers of the French 14th ID enter L'Aquila, where very hard fighting took place.
At the end of the day, part of the city is still in the hands of the Germans of the Das Reich and the GrossDeutschland brigade.
On the east coast, Allfrey's troops, having secured Foggia, move up to Pescara.
.........
From 09:00, the DB-73 of the 23rd and 25th EB carry out support missions for the 3rd AD.
Covered by the Mustang II of the 5th Fighter Squadron, they pound the 10. Panzer positions. They come up against a mixed formation of Fw 190 of III/SKG 10 and Bf 109G of I/JG 77. Seven German aircraft go down for 4 Mustangs and 3 DB-73, but the Flak, always active and efficient, shoots down 4 other DB-73.
At the same time, the Americans of the 25th and 47th BG attack Viterbo, escorted by the Spitfires of the 31st FG and the P-40s of the 57th FG. As for the Boston and Beaumont of the 235th and 237th Wings, they attack Pescara.
The strategic air force is not left out: the B-26s of the 17th, 319th and 320th BGs attack the Florence train station and the B-24s of the 97th, 98th and 376th BGs, escorted by Lightnings, attack the marshalling yard of Bologna. This raid is intercepted by the Bf 109 of the II/JG 77; 5 P-38 and 3 B-24 are lost, for 5 Bf 109.
.........
Rome - After consultations, the allied staff decides to integrate the grouping constituted around the 102nd motorized division Trento between the 1st Belgian Armored Brigade and the 34th US-ID to "minimize friction" between the Allies and the co-belligerents - the command and, even more so, the French soldiers are very hostile to the presence of Italian troops. Very satisfied with these decisions, General Ambrosio calls Marshal Badoglio on the phone to explain to him that the effective presence of Italian troops on the front is absolutely necessary to weigh politically in the balance when it will be time to discuss the status of Italy - in the winning camp or not, and with what label.
The Trento Division completes its regrouping south of Rome; its soldiers are in good spirits and seem very determined. In fact, the rumors about the massacre of the Peloponnesian units have spread in the troop and among the officers. If these rumors will prove to be inaccurate (or at least exaggerated), the testimonies on the exactions committed by the German troops in Italy itself are all too true. Indeed, the division incorporates during the day a certain number of survivors of the Pasubio and Trieste divisions, who had escaped capture and confirm the massacres committed by the former allies of the Italians, especially during the "Blood Christmas". Meanwhile, the divisions Ariete and Emanuele Filiberto Testa di Ferro, which had been severely tested by the desperate fighting of December 25th-27th, are relieved and head towards the south of Rome.
.........
Elba - Unable for the moment to mount an amphibious operation against the island, the Germans decide to make its defenders bend thanks to their air superiority. The day before, some bombers had come to launch leaflets calling for the surrender of the island or else the main urban centers would be "razed to the ground". This day, a warning raid is launched in the middle of the afternoon. A dozen He 111s share between them Portoferraio and Porto Longone. The damage inflicted on the two towns is limited; on the other hand, one of the attackers is shot down by the flak and two others return damaged.
 
6638
December 30th, 1942

Ajaccio
- The 7th Fighter Squadron moves from Trapani to Campo-dell'Oro, accompanied by 34 DC3s which transport the ground echelon of the squadron, as well as ammunition. In the afternoon, the DC-3s make a second rotation on the airfield.
 
6639
December 30th, 1942

Genazzano, late afternoon
- While the fighting seems to be calming down, the convent of the Madonna del Buon Consiglio sees the arrival of the Marquise Giuliana Benzoni, driving her Fiat Ballila. Dying of anxiety, she was able to learn from Zanotti Bianco where the Princess was and started looking for her as soon as the roads were reopened to civilian traffic. Between roadblocks, military convoys and air alerts, it took her nearly six hours to cover the fifty kilometers between Rome and Genazzano. She immediately informs the convent hostesses of the military situation. "It even seems that Belgian troops are taking part in the fighting!" she adds, which literally electrifies Queen Elisabeth. However, there is no news from the rest of the royal family. It seems that they had fled Rome on Christmas night. The BBC announced that "the King of Italy and his family" were "safe and in Italian territory", but should we believe this announcement?
Elisabeth, Marie-José and Giuliana Benzoni are thinking about what to do. The priority of course, is to get their little world to safety. The Germans are not far away - who knows if they are not preparing a lightning counter-attack? Why not take refuge in Castel Gandolfo, in Vatican City, which is only thirty kilometers away? But cars and an escort are needed: the four unfortunate royal carabinieri who had accompanied them to Genazzano who could provide adequate protection in these circumstances. One tries to call Montini, but the telephone communications are still not restored outside the small city. To get out of it, the marquise proposes to leave the next day in search of Italian soldiers or, failing that, allies, who could take things in hand in good security conditions.
 
6640
December 30th, 1942

Lussino/Lošinj (Northern Dalmatia)
- At nightfall, the Comando Militare Marittimo of Lussino sends the light forces still present in the port of Lussinpiccolo in the direction of Southern Italy. Following the evacuation of Lagosta the night before, this evacuation leaves to the embryonic navy of the Yugoslav Resistance the Dalmatian islands, at least as long as the Germans are not able to react.

Dubrovnik/Ragusa (southern Dalmatia) - The Germans want to put an end to the presence of Italian units around the city. On the evening of the 29th, they therefore propose to General Ugo Santovito, head of the VI Corps, a meeting to negotiate the conditions of their evacuation. When night falls, Santovito goes to the German headquarters accompanied by General Etelvoldo Pascolini, commander of the 156th Vicenza Territorial Division. Instead of a negotiation, the two general officers aretaken prisoner.
Shortly after midnight, keeping Pascolini under control, the Prinz Eugen staff sends Santovito, under good guard, to convince his troops to lay down their arms without delay. But the affair does not turn out as expected. Instead of talking about surrender, Santovito incites his men to resist. A group of soldiers of the Vicenza manages to deliver the chief of the VIth C.A. and, giving vent to their anger against the treachery of the Tedeschi, their comrades attack the positions of the Prinz Eugen. Furious fights take place in the streets of Dubrovnik at the end of the night and in the early morning of December 30th; the second in command of the Prinz Eugen is wounded during one of these skirmishes.
The clashes continue for part of the day. But the Italians, dispersed, have difficulty to coordinate their efforts. In addition, not only did the population of the city not intervene, but the three Croatian battalions of the garrison, which had remained on the defensive, end up speaking to the Germans.
At the end of the day, the men of the Vicenza and the rest of the garrison have to give up the fight. Once again taken prisoner, General Santovito is executed without delay. General Pascolini is given a special treatment: two mock executions before being sent to a camp of officers prisoners with a severe regime... Paradoxically, however, the vigorous reaction of the Italians earned them a certain consideration from the Germans. There are no generalized reprisals, only a few officers suffered the same fate as Santovito and a few dozen others like Pascolini.

Kotor/Cattaro (South Dalmatia) - A German force divided in several columns presents itself in various points of the Straits from Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi) to Risano (Risan).
Supported by sailors and carabinieri, the men of the 155th Infantry Division Emilia (General Giuseppe Romano) make a front.
Cattaro, an important naval base because of the Teodo/Tivat arsenal, is the headquarters of a Comando Marina (Navy Command), entrusted to captain Mario Azzi*. As his colleagues did in the Upper Adriatic, Azzi carries out the orders received from his superior in Marialbania (H.Q. in Durazzo), who receives them from the Military Department of the Ionian Sea and the Lower Adriatic.
On the evening of December 26th, Azzi began to send some of the boats present in the Straits to southern Italy. Before setting course for Italy, these units had been sent to collect and evacuate the personnel dispersed in various posts whose abandonment had been decided (harbourmasters' offices such as that of Antivari/Bar, lookout stations, etc.): in total more than 400 men.
After the German air raid of December 27th, Azzi had other ships set sail the same day and the next day, including the patrol boat Rovigno, which reached Cephalonia, the minesweeper RD-27 and two tugs. This second wave brought back to Italy a little more than 300 men. However, unlike the other ports of the Adriatic, the CV Azzi did not make an absolute vacuum in Cattaro: it kept on hand in the Straits, besides the Quarnerolo (ex-Yugoslavian Hvar finally repaired), some good-sized merchant ships, like the two cargo ships Milano and Fanny Brunner or the oil tanker Annarella (5,456 GRT), or of more modest size, like the mixed cargo ship Carlo Borsini (ex-Yugoslavian Srbin, 982 GRT). It can also hope to recover the units undergoing maintenance or repair in the arsenal, notably the torpedo boat Giovannini, damaged on December 27th, as well as the MAS-431, 432, 433 and 437.

* He commanded the light cruisers Alberico da Barbiano and Giovanni delle Bande Nere at the beginning of the war, before Mercurio/Merkur.
 
6641
December 30th, 1942

Igoumenitsa (Epirus)
- General Ricagno, of the 3rd Alpine Division Julia, receives very bad news: the town of Paramythia, about forty km inland, is surrounded by Greek "bandits". This sector is held by a militia of Chams, i.e. Albanians from Epirus, that the Italian occupiers have armed and financed at their expense and it is well known that Napoleon Zervas, leader of the main Greek resistance movement of the region, the EDES, does not hold the Albanians in his heart.
Ricagno has no desire to see an interethnic conflict break out. He gathers the most complete of his two infantry regiments, the 8th, which set out on foot, on horseback or by carriage, since mechanical means are rare and not very useful in this mountainous country. Its chief of staff, colonel Giuseppe Molinari, is in charge of commanding the forces left in Igoumenitsa.

Alexandroupolis (Dedeagatch) - The capital of Aegean Thrace has changed masters and names many times. At the moment it is under German-Bulgarian occupation. The Bulgarians are in charge of holding the ground and fight the Greek maquis, while the Luftwaffe and the Kriegsmarine maintain a string of bases in front of the forces of the Allies, which do not hasten to come and flush them out. But since the coup d'Andros, Air Force General Robert Ritter von Greim, head of the Vth FliegerKorps, knows that this respite is precarious. He will use his transport unit, the KG zbV-60, to link, if necessary, between them and to Alexandroupolis his support points of Kavala, Thasos and Samothrace. Namely, a handful of Ju 52s, repaired a hundred times, plus two Bv 138 C-1 seaplanes, almost new. These were to be equipped for minesweeping - with a high-powered magnetic frame that detonates the mines at a distance - and made available by the Kriegsmarine; but the equipment has not yet arrived. Too bad, they might have avoided the loss of General von Randow.
During the night of the 29th to the 30th, a dozen Ju 52s and the two Bv 138s, flying low over the waves to avoid radar, bring General Wilhelm-Friedrich Müller from Attica with a battalion of the 22. Luftlande ID. Von Greim is in favor of evacuating Samothrace, too exposed, but the HQ in Athens received opposite instructions. It seems that the Führer did not renounce to cut the route of the Turkish straits and the Soviet Lend-Lease, and Samothrace is the closest German base to the Dardanelles.
As no one, on the German side, put an exaggerated confidence in the fighting spirit of the II/4th Italian Infantry Regiment, although this one officially rallied to the continuation of the fight against the Allies, Müller, reluctantly supported by von Greim, begins to set up a SturmBrigade NordÄgäis to secure Victory Island. A welcome reinforcement begins to arrive via the Bulgarian railroads: the 113. InfantryDivision, which had been "rested" after the fighting in Russia. Without waiting, Müller requisitions the two seaplanes and the few available ships. The Ju 52 do not participate this time because the only air strip of Samothrace, bombed many times, is pierced like a skimmer. During the night of the 30th to the 31st, the vanguard of the "North Aegean Assault Brigade" embarks for Samothrace.
 
6642 - Interallied Council, 31/12/42
December 31st, 1942

Alger
- Beginning of the Interallied Council. The status of the participants was the subject of a long and difficult debate. The United States wanted to distinguish what it called the "United Nations", grouping together all the allied countries, from the members of the Council with a voice, called the "Interallies". They thus oppose the presence on the Council of the Greeks (considered pro-British) and the Yugoslavs (considered pro-French). The Dutch and the Poles are not present either, on the pretext that their interests are not immediately concerned by this meeting. France, in the person of Paul Reynaud himself, had to fight hard to obtain the presence of the Belgians*, who finally qualified because of the presence of their troops in Italy!
Reynaud also raises the question of Soviet participation - given the undeniable fact that two thirds of the German troops are opposed to the Soviet forces, the presence as an observer of the USSR ambassador to the French government was accepted (not without Margerie having unofficially affirmed to his American interlocutors that France was ready, in case of refusal, to include a Soviet embassy attaché in the French delegation!).
The meeting lasts all day, interrupted only by a quick lunch, which General de Gaulle took advantage of this to go to the Mustapha hospital to visit his comrade Charles Delestraint, whose condition does not improve.
The first item on the agenda is the general strategy, to finally resolve the questions that the debates of the Allied General Staff had not been able to resolve since the meeting in London in August. A heated debate immediately arises between Roosevelt, his advisors and Winston Churchill. The latter, as usual, had meticulously prepared this meeting with his War Cabinet and his Chiefs of Staff Committee and he had his own ideas, solidly argued! Behind him, the British delegation, united, defend an oblique strategy, centered on the Balkans, which Churchill describes as the "soft underbelly of Europe" and supported by continuous pressure in Italy. On the contrary, the Americans arrived divided between the supporters of the "Pacific First" option, who wanted to "avenge MacArthur" and were content for the moment with strategic bombing in Europe, and the supporters of the "Europe First" option, in favour of an offensive as quickly as possible in north-western Europe. General Marshall, deeply irritated by this discrepancy, drew conclusions and ensured that future conferences would be prepared by the Americans in an at least as professional manner.
However, there is no question of the Americans accepting Churchill's strategy.
Some feared that a multiplicity of offensive axes in Europe would require additional resources, necessarily to the detriment of the Pacific; the others see Northwest Europe as the most direct route to bring down Germany and call for a landing in northern France in the second half of 1943.
If the French could see the advantages of a Balkan offensive, they also understand the difficulties. The fact that the Germans are about to evacuate the Peloponnese, as shown by aerial reconnaissance, does not change anything. It would be necessary to pass the bottlenecks on the northern border of Greece, a difficult task to say the least and one that promises to be costly without bringing any immediate benefits. As for the Italian front, its only current interest is to fix as many German troops as possible. A landing in France is therefore necessary, and this is what pushes the French to support the American position, even if one doubts that such an operation is possible as early as 1943 on the coasts of the English Channel. In any case, the American strategic choices validate a posteriori the decision of France, taken unilaterally four months earlier, to withdraw its forces from Greece in order to prepare a return to the Metropole: it is therefore the Americans who agree with the French...
In the end, the Americans refuse to accept the oblique strategy, but admit that the Allies would not have the means to land on the Channel coast in 1943.
The idea of a landing on the French coast of the Mediterranean "as soon as possible" is therefore adopted. For geographical reasons, one could not expect for this operation to end the war: this landing, in addition to its major political importance for the French (and for the Americans, whose determination to fight Germany it would confirm), the objective of this landing is to attract a maximum of German troops in the south of France in order to facilitate a second landing in Normandy or in the Pas-de-Calais, scheduled for April or May 1944 and which will take the Germans by surprise.
Consulted, the ambassador of the USSR can only agree with these perspectives of opening new fronts against the common enemy. However, he asks for the rapid organization of a quadripartite summit conference.
The priorities are set in the following order:
1. Landing in the south of France in the summer of 1943, on the coasts of Provence or Languedoc. However, this landing implies not only the difficult implementation of a trans-Mediterranean logistical system, but also the rapid reconstitution and regrouping of the majority of the French battle corps, which had to be at the forefront of this operation, but which is currently partly deployed in Sicily, Italy and Greece, and partly at rest in North Africa after its withdrawal from Greece. In addition, the Americans promise to expedite the delivery of the necessary leasing equipment.
2. Continued operations in Greece and the Balkans, with the hope of a breakthrough to Romania. Nevertheless, an offensive beyond the limits of the Peloponnese is only possible with a stronger involvement of the Greeks and the Yugoslavs. A second Greek infantry division, formed from recruits from the south of the Peloponnese and the Dodecanese, is about to be operational, as well as a Greek armoured brigade and a new Yugoslav infantry division (in early February). The Polish troops interned in the USSR, which began arriving in Syria at the end of November, should be able to quickly form a second division which, together with the 3rd DIP, the Mountain Brigade and the Armoured Brigade, will constitute an operational Polish army corps from May onwards. These reinforcements allow France to maintain an Armée d'Orient, even if it will be mainly composed of a Yugoslavian and a Polish corps, with only the equivalent of two French divisions.
3. Maintaining the activity of the Italian front through a greater commitment of the Commonwealth forces in order to reduce the commitment of French forces to two or three divisions. The United States agree to keep the 1st US armoured division as well as three infantry divisions, which would form a solid Franco-American army. These forces are to block the maximum number of German forces in the Peninsula by maintaining the pressure and by taking advantage of the opportunities, but no offensive objective is assigned to them.
This debate on strategy is coupled with a debate on command organization. All the preparations for recent operations have shown the difficulties of arbitrating the distribution of means between the different Mediterranean theaters, due to the divergence between the commands and the disparity of objectives; this point was clearly highlighted in the Torch assessment drawn up by Frère, Cunningham and D'Astier de la Vigerie... If all the military leaders agree in noting the inefficiency of the current organization, there isno unanimity among them or among the politicians as to the solution to be found.
President Roosevelt opens the debate by calling for the establishment of a Supreme Allied Commander in Europe (SACEUR) in order to ensure an optimized distribution of resources between the various European fronts, and claiming this responsibility for an American general. This proposal meets with French opposition, personified by De Gaulle, who does not accept the prospect of a foreign general commanding Allied troops on liberated national territory. Churchill, for his part, refuses to see a single leader implement a global strategy as long as the objectives and means of the Balkan front have not been defined...
This Balkan front is the subject of lively discussions. Indeed, Churchill had long wanted to see one of "his" generals appointed in Giraud's place, on the grounds that the Commonwealth troops are now the most numerous on the Allied front in the Peloponnese.
Contrary to what Giraud believed, Algiers had defended him, mainly for a question of prestige. But a few days earlier, the British had been outraged by his unilateral decision to launch Operation Ciseaux, even though it had recovered Andros. They claim that such casualness could have turned into a catastrophe. At the same time, Churchill (who knew a lot about casualness...) had the nerve to criticize the French general for "his lack of decisiveness", suggesting that an energetic action on his part in the Peloponnese would have made it possible to trap the five or six German divisions that were there (or were there before the beginning of the evacuation).
The French are not fooled, but this time they give in. It is true that Giraud had never had good relations with De Gaulle... And above all, it is time to prepare for the Great Return.
For that, one could not leave many people in the Peloponnese and it was very difficult to demand the command of a theater where one has only a handful of units left.
Churchill then burned the courtesy of his staff: while he would have preferred to replace Giraud by Alexander, he imposed "Monty, of course". He felt, probably rightly so, that Bernard Montgomery would be the best person to give concrete expression to his views on the interest of a Balkan offensive.
.........
After long and bitter discussions, a compromise is found, which for the moment satisfies everyone.
A Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean (SACMED for the Americans, who have difficulty understanding why this acronym makes the French chuckle) is appointed; it is to be General Frère, who had proved himself in Sicily. He is to command the commanders-in-chief in the Balkans (Montgomery), in Italy (an American general to be designated - the prognosis is shared between Bradley and Clark) and in the south of France (a French general to be named).
The command of the Allied forces concentrated in Great Britain in view of the landing in northern France is entrusted to General Eisenhower, Supreme Allied Commander for Northern Europe (SACNEUR). In theory, the two "SACs" are at the same level - however, it is clear, even to De Gaulle who doesn't like it , that the appointment of a SACEUR (supreme commander for all Europe) will be necessary in the long term and that it would necessarily be an American.
Finally, the preparation of the landing operations themselves remain in the hands of the command of combined operations. Preparations in the Mediterranean would be personally directed by Admiral Darlan, while those in the Channel are directed by Admiral Ramsay.
The second major issue discussed concerns the status of Italy. For different but convergent reasons, the United States and France agree to grant it only the status of "co-belligerent" nation, without participation in the Councils or in the "United Nations", at least until the final victory. The British, initially more favorable to the Italians, eventually agree to the arguments of both sides.
The following decisions are made:
I. The Italian government would have only limited sovereignty until the end of the conflict and will have to refer to the allied military authorities. A process of "de-fascization" of the administrations will be implemented. Any decision on the nature of the political regime [thus on the future of the monarchy] is postponed until after the war.
II. The Italian land forces will be under Allied operational command. There is no question of creating an Italian army corps. However, in view of the behavior of Italian troops since December 24th, it is certain that they will be able to participate in the fighting in Italy [which simply validates a state of affairs].
III. The Italian forces must evacuate Corsica immediately.
IV. The forces of the Regia Aeronautica will be able to resume operations on January 1st, but exclusively to support the ground forces in Yugoslavia and Albania, and under Allied operational control. To this end, the air forces currently based in Sardinia will be redeployed to mainland Italy as soon as possible.
V. The units of the Regia Marina will remain interned until further notice [in practice, light units will be able to resume operations in support of the ground forces in Yugoslavia and Albania]. Those who are currently at sea will have to go as soon as possible to an allied port to be disarmed, and those currently in a German or Japanese controlled port must be ordered to scuttle. After the conclusion of the peace agreement between Italy and the Allies, the ships of the Regia Marina will be allocated as war damages to the countries that had suffered from the Italian aggression.
VI. Sicily and Sardinia are placed under Allied [actually American] administration.
VII. The Italian prisoners of war (essentially the soldiers taken prisoner in Libya, East Africa, the Peloponnese and Sicily) will be progressively released according to the the reliability of the Italian government as co-belligerent.
These conditions are transmitted in the evening to the duke of Acquarone who, if he ticks on clause VI and emits a protest of pure form on this point, considers in his heart that his country does not get off (too) badly. He probably knows that the French have asked to participatein the occupation of Sardinia and that their partners were opposed to it, promising in exchange to help with the reconstruction of Corsica.
However, the question of the equipment of the co-belligerent Italian troops arises, because the Italian industry is essentially concentrated in the north of the country. The French are opposed to the Regio Esercito receiving American aid as long as their own needs and those of the "Little Allies" are not covered. In return for financial compensation, they agree to hand over to the Regio Esercito the equipment captured during the campaigns in Libya, IEA and Greece (which is not much, because a good part of this material has already been sent to the Chinese!), and to sell it about sixty Sav-41 tanks taken from stocks, as well as one hundred Valentine IIIs built in Canada and about fifty Marmon-Herrington self-propelled guns built in South Africa, which were paid for and are not leased equipment.

* Prime Minister Pierlot, Minister of Foreign Affairs Spaak, Minister of Defense Delfosse, as well as Lt-general Keyaerts, commander of the Belgian troops in the Mediterranean.
 
6643
December 31st, 1942

Moscow
- In the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Molotov receives the foreign press. He is pleased with the successes of the past year and is even more optimistic about the results of 1943. He is rather discreet on the question of Italy, a domain (apparently) reserved for the Western Allies, he is a little more expansive on Romania. He deplores the "insanity" of Antonescu's Fascist regime had dragged a people that had once been friends of the French, British and Russians into the Axis camp. He points out that, apart from border "rectifications" in Bessarabia, the USSR had no intention of undermining the freedom and integrity of the Kingdom, even if the needs of operations led the Red Army to operate west of the "recognized borders".
 
6644
December 31st, 1942

Eysses
- The total number of prisoners in the Eysses prison is now 1,203, of which only about a hundred of "common rights". The "political" population is very heterogeneous: there are PSF and former Croix-de-Feu around La Roque (always escorted by Mitterrand), communists (Pierre Georges alias Colonel Fabien, Auguste Havez, Arthur Dalidet), former members of the Action Française (Arthuys, Valois), socialists (Amédée Dunois, Jean-Baptiste Lebas), plus a few Spaniards who were unable to move in 1940 and French soldiers - or Polish soldiers under French uniform, who had gone underground during the debacle and had since been captured by the police of the New French State.
After a few initial clashes, a true sacred union takes shape within the walls of the prison. United within the same collective, the prisoners set up a resistance organization within the prison itself. These men of all origins form a real union, wresting from the prison administration improvements in living conditions (the right to teach, the right to circulate in the courtyards), they write (by hand!) newspapers of 4 pages: Le Patriote enchaîné, L'Unité, and even form an FFI battalion! But all these activities have only one goal: to prepare a general escape.
 
6645
December 31st, 1942

Berlin
- Before being able to enjoy a New Year's Eve with his family, which he considers as deserved as he hopes gemütlich (in a very Germanic atmosphere and good taste), Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler, in his function as acting boss of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt - on the Führer's orders, he has to assume it in person since the death of Reinhard Heydrich - has the order to launch the Bernhardt und Paul operation on January 2nd, 1943, at 21:00, given to the Gestapo HQ in Avenue Foch. Under this code name is hidden the operation Bordell und Puff, otherwise known as Slap and Puff.
The Obergruppenführer Karl Oberg, Höherer der SS und Polizeiführer (superior chief of the SS and the German police) in occupied France, is given the green light to carry out, in one fell swoop the dismantling of the "line" n° 4 of the "métro" of the DGPI. Its Parisian services (first alerted by the report sent from Clermont-Ferrand by Dr Ketzel), the KdS of twelve localities and seven Truppen of the Feldgendarmerie prepared this action with their meticulousness, but not without institutional and hierarchical conflicts, disputes and misunderstandings that are the hallmark of the Third Reich.
The Reichsführer does not forget to wish Oberg "ein glückliches Neujahr" (a happy new year) in his telex. But he continues to deplore, as he repeats to his secretary, that the Christian calendar, which is still in force, forbids the celebration of the New Year on the winter solstice as the ancient Norse did.
 
6646
December 31st, 1942

Guadalcanal, on the Seahorse, 01:00
- Onishi looks out over the (very small) hundred or so men around him, with the eight survivors of the 28th Reconnaissance in the front row (tough guys!), then he gives the signal to leave. In the greatest silence, in single file, the small force leaves the Seahorse by its southern side, which the Americans had neglected to block - the patrols sent by Onishi the last two nights made sure of that (the Americans did not imagine for a moment that any of those damn Japs would have the idea of leaving the hill!). After two hours of marching, while everyone expected to turn north-west - towards the enemy, they were surprised to find that Onishi was leading them west towards the course of the Lunga. Once they reached the small river, the soldiers' perplexity increases even more, because their leader orders them to go upstream, i.e. to head due south!
Their perplexity is understandable: Onishi has a reputation as a formidable fighter, with his sword always pointed at the enemy. In fact, a few hours earlier, during the conference convened by Colonel Oka before what everyone sensed would be the final American assault, Onishi had volunteered for an offensive mission! "We know that the 28th Engineer Regiment has been drawing the enemy westward for two days, stretching its lines of communication. While a portion of the Yankee troops pursued in vain the 28th, which exhausted them by tactical movements [there is no question of merely suggesting that this regiment might retreat], we have bled the rest of their forces dry [a little self satisfaction never hurt]. While the bulk of our troops will have the honor of defending the Seahorse, I propose to lead an attack with a group of volunteers in the back of the Americans who have ventured west of the Matanikau. We will cut off their lines of communication, allowing the 28th Engineer Regiment to annihilate them! All I need, colonel, in addition to your authorization, is to bring a radio to coordinate our efforts with the 28th Engineers.
The proposal was met with polite silence. No one seriously believed that this plan had any chance of success, but to oppose it openly would be to look like a coward and to acknowledge American superiority: rather, to swallow a grenade with the pin pulled. Onishi is well aware of this and relies on his countrymen's particular concept of honor - a concept he knows well because he shares it and approves of it... which does not prevent him from using it to his advantage. As the silence continues, everyone turns to Oka. The colonel holds the captain's gaze for a few moments, then articulates in a still firm voice:
"Great idea! Let's do it." Finally, to Onishi's surprise, Oka stands up with difficulty, and shakes his hand with a kind of smile.
However, Onishi never intended to carry out this fanciful plan. He simply wants to just to go and fight with men who are still motivated: if not on Guadalcanal, it will be somewhere else. And the radio, jealously watched over by his faithful soldiers of the 28th Reconnaissance, must allow them to contact the Navy so that they can leave this island. Their true destination is the only one possible, given the American advance (Onishi did not expect to join the 28th Engineers): Beaufort Bay, on the southwest coast of Guadalcanal. This meant going up the Lunga River to its source, and then crossing the steep hills that separate the northern lowlands from the southern coast. All in all, a difficult trip, all the more reason to leave the Seahorse behind without wasting any time. Yet, as they pull away, Onishi couldn't help but feel a pang of respectful regret for Colonel Oka...
.........
Guadalcanal, on the Poha River - In the early morning hours, the Marines of the 7th Regiment complete the encirclement of Kokumbona. While gunfire from across the Poha River indicates the presence of enemy troops, the Americans do not know if the village is really abandoned or if the apparent calm was only a cover for a new trap. When in doubt, the hamlet is duly razed by the combined action of artillery and air force, then, around noon, the Stuarts take the lead in the assault. But the village is empty, apart from a few Nipponese soldiers left behind as lost children to simulate a garrison. The Americans have wasted hours on a decoy.
In the afternoon, the men of the 132nd IR and 7th Marines test the Poha's defensive lines and study their weak points. However, once again, the enemy refuses to fight. At nightfall, the 28th Engineers company left in the rear guard disengaged and took the road to the Bonegi, where the rest of the regiment is waiting, reinforced by the disparate elements who had missed the embarkation during operation Ke.
.........
Guadalcanal, Patch's HQ, 14:00 - The ease with which his men were advancing westward alleviates Patch's last doubts: the enemy is in full retreat and the naval operation of the other night was indeed an evacuation. The general's feelings are however mixed. If he can now foresee a much faster victory than expected, he regrets that the Japanese could evacuate a good part of their troops. And in front of the skill and the promptness with which the Japanese still on the island withdraw each time his men think they have caught up with them, Patch is afraid that they would also succeed in slipping through his fingers a rescue by a flotilla of destroyers. Worse still, this behavior deprives him of the possibility of testing his project of envelopment by sea by a landing on the Japanese rear: the necessary boats would never arrive in time.
Still... Vandegrift told him about a project of this kind, conceived by Colonel Jackson: a massive landing on the Japanese rear, near Cape Esperance, organized with the resources available in the Bay in terms of light craft and in particular the flotilla of small civilian New Zealand boats more or less militarized...
.........
Guadalcanal, on the Seahorse, 18:20 - The explosion of a last bunker signs the conquest of the Seahorse by the Marines of the 6th Rgt and the GIs of the 164th RI. At the top of the hill, Moore and Jackson shake hands, surrounded by their men who cheer.
The end was hastened by the attitude of the Japanese, who blew themselves up in their bunkers or launched suicidal charges, trying to drag as many Yankees as possible with them.
But the strict orders given to the assault troops, following the advice of the Marines, used to the extreme methods of their adversaries, prevented heavy casualties.
There was not a single prisoner, but that was expected. And in the evening that falls on the now silent battlefield, no one pays attention to the corpse of a Japanese colonel who lies in his CP, a gun still in his hand...
.........
Guadalcanal, Patch's HQ, 20:30 - Taking advantage of the New Year's Eve meal (not really different from the ordinary), Patch asks Jackson and DeCarre to urgently prepare, for January 3rd, a landing operation at the northwestern tip of Guadalcanal. The operation could be supported by the ships that would bring the first elements of the 25th ID (Operation Argonaut), but for the most part, it will have to be done with local resources. Finally, the committed troops could not include the 7th Marines, because this one has to re-embark on Argonaut's transports.
.........
Ironbottom Sound, 23:30 - After launching the HA-30, the I-16 returned to the Shortlands to pick up Lt. Hoka's HA-10. On New Year's Eve, the small craft spots the large transport Alchiban (AK-23, Maj. Freeman) in front of Red Beach, unloading, as a gift, ammunition and aviation gasoline for the Cactus Air Force. Out of two torpedoes, one hits the target, severely damaging the transport. Commander Freeman manages to beach his ship before it sinks.
However, the HA-10 would not be heard from again, thus having the uncertain honor of being the last warship lost in 1942.
 
6647
December 31st, 1942

Chongqing
- While his wife is courting the Americans (something she is definitely doing a little too enthusiastically for her taste), Chiang Kai-shek takes stock of the events since January and can, for the first time in five years of war, have the luxury of cautious optimism.
Of course it was necessary, under the pressure of the Allies, to give up the lucrative habits of foreign aid and financial speculation, at the cost of the good understanding with his brother-in-law H.H. Kung. It was also necessary to give up a military command system that was exclusively centered on him, and replaced it with a more regular structure (at least on paper) and by delegating some of his responsibilities to the new Chief of Staff Chen Cheng. Finally, it was necessary to put an end to practices inherited from the Warlord period, which simplified things well, such as the forced mobilization of peasants and the supply of armies through confiscation.
The Generalissimo (he did not give up his title after all) sighs: every time he tries to escape American pressure by invoking the Japanese occupation, his interlocutors answer: "Look at the French, their situation is worse and they don't use it as an excuse to fuck things up"
Finally, he does not lose out: it is now a modest but uninterrupted flow of new or almost new equipment that reaches him via the Burma road, and his army is gradually returning to the level it had in 1937, when it could count on German military equipment and advisers, before the great bloodletting of the Battle of Shanghai, in which he had swallowed up all his best forces in one fell swoop. The difference is beginning to be felt, and the outcome of the Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign confirmed him in the idea that he had made the right decision, even if it was reluctantly;
Moreover, he did not hesitate to exploit this victory for his personal glory.
Better still, if possible: the past year has also strengthened him against his other enemy, the Communist! Not only has he established his authority in Xinjiang, where the Soviets had held for too long, but the development of ideologically reliable militias thanks to demobilized soldiers allows the securing of rural areas threatened by subversion, and the establishment of American air bases in communist zones will sooner or later push the Japanese to react and clean up their act. In short, the war against Japan will finally benefit the Nationalists and not the Communists, it is only a matter of time.
 
6648
December 31st, 1942

Operation Kolso (elimination of the remains of the 2. PanzerArmee)

The parachute drops continue, with varying degrees of success, thanks to calm weather and a relatively clear sky. Some wounded are even evacuated by light aircraft, but von Wietersheim refuses his evacuation - a refusal that the German propaganda will present as a gesture of Aryan courage in the face of Slavic sub-humans. It seems that the German general is rather afraid of being scapegoated for the defeat by the OKH if he accepted to be evacuated.
However, the men of the 75. ID and the few remaining elements of the 57. ID fail to organize themselves in a coherent manner and receive virtually nothing. Many of them have had almost nothing to eat for two days. That is why the forces of the 4th Ukrainian Front who are gradually tightening their grip on them are taking many prisoners. On the other hand, in the Soviet camp, the three armored brigades that have taken the airfield are reorganized and reinforced by the 32nd Armored Brigade, borrowed (like the 61st Heavy) from the 14th Army.
 
6649
December 31st, 1942

Rovno
- Today, von Manstein sees the arrival of the 23. Panzerdivision (General Hans von Boineburg-Lengsfeld). Stationed in the west of France, it had been sent to Dieppe during Operation Rutter, but it did not have the opportunity to demonstrate its capabilities.
However, this reinforcement makes Manstein smile (a little): in two weeks, he should receive the 24. Panzerdivision (General Bruno von Hauenschild). This division is currently being completed in the north of France. Who knows, if the weather holds, allowing the parachuting of supplies, there could be some German soldiers left to recover at the end of January on the Bohuslav side...
 
6650
December 31st, 1942

Operation Saturn (against the German-Romanian forces)
Saturn-1
- The LIV. AK, reduced to a weakened 50. ID and a 170. ID in the process of disappearing, takes a risky decision: Hansen orders a general attack... towards the north. In the night, the German soldiers cross the Koayma River in force, surprising a 48th Mixed Corps that is caught in a pincer movement between the 50. ID and the 60. PzGr. The 48th CM suffers heavy losses and retreats painfully south of the river, leaving the remnants of the LIV. AK and the 60. PzGr to concentrate around Krivoye Ozero. The commander of the 48th CM will not survive this defeat.
Nevertheless, a large hole is opened in the Axis lines and the 2nd Armored Corps seizes Lyubashevka. This victory is greeted as it should be by the Soviet propaganda ... which omits to point out that the initial objective of the 9th Army, Kishinev, is still nearly a hundred and forty kilometers away.
.........
Saturn-2 - Gallitsky faces a dilemma. At dawn, the scouts of his 2nd Shock Army inform him of the arrival of Romanian reinforcements south of Berezovka. But these reinforcements appear to be quite limited, perhaps of the order of one division. On the other hand, there is nothing left in the west. And Tiraspol is not so far... What to do?
In Stepanovka and Viktorovka, the arrival of the 5th Romanian Corps revives the energies. But Leventi (of the 5th Corps) and von Kortzfleisch (of the XI. AK) are not fooled. Knowing that they are not in a position to go on the offensive, they decide to wait for the outcome of events by blocking the Soviets on the southern road, which leads to Odessa, the only objective worthy of the name in their eyes in the region.
North of the sector of the XI. AK, the 73. and 95. ID are now isolated between two rushes of enemy armor.
On the Soviet side, after having directly called Stalin (without asking anything to Lev Mekhlis whom he despised, without saying it too loudly), Gallitsky makes his decision. First of all, he trusts his 10th Mixed Corps to hold at least the German forces on the Troitskoye side. Then, he covers his left flank by holding in Berezovka the 276th ID of the 17th Infantry Corps and the survivors of its 196th Armored Brigade and the 864th and 866th Independent Armored Battalions, plus the 347th Artillery Brigade. Finally, the 8th Armored Corps and the remainder of the 17th Infantry Corps will march on Stalino, then Ponyatovka and finally Tiraspol. He chooses to go west, while Romanians and Germans are waiting for him in the south!
.........
Saturn-3 - The lack of passable roads threatening to hinder the deployment of the 51st Soviet Army, General Batov sends units on reconnaissance northwest of Krasnoye to try to locate possible crossing points on the Tylihul River. But the scouts quickly report the presence of Romanian detachments on the other bank. It is of course the 13th ID, stretched all along the right bank of the liman.
At Fedorovka, the German-Romanian stopper barely holds the first shock against the forces of the 51st Army, despite the state of exhaustion of the latter - the 215. ID, the main element of the defense, is not in much better shape.
On the coast, the marines now know that the Soviet command has no reserves to send them. They have to hold or die. The 79th BMS tries to break through west of the Berezansky liman, in the direction of Viktorovka, but the 51st Army is unable to support it and the 14th Romanian ID blocks its way.
 
6651
December 31st, 1942

Italian front
- During the night, the battle group formed around the 102nd Trento Motorized Division is inserted between the Tancrémont armored brigade and the 34th US-ID. The American soldiers observe the new "co-belligerents" with a condescension tinged with contempt, because of their old-fashioned equipment, while some Belgian tankers, who had fought in East Africa, show a latent animosity.
The Italian troops arrive on a stabilized front. General de Lattre had in fact ordered the troops under his command to take a break in order to be able to refuel and replace the men lost. He also took the opportunity to relieve the 2nd Spahis, which had perfectly behaved as a cavalry unit, but at the cost of heavy losses.
Further east, the fighting is still intense at l'Aquila, where the 14th French ID receives the support of the British 46th ID, which attacks from the east with the support of the 1st Army Tank Brigade and the 6th AGRA. L'Aquila is completely cleared by the end of the morning, the Das Reich Division leave there, among others, its last Somua S-35*. The front line stabilizes 5 km north of the town.
On the east coast, the British forces take Pescara, but they run into the 69th and 112th German divisions, as well as the first elements of the SS-Division Hohenstaufen, which are firmly entrenched.
Generals Clark, de Lattre and Ritchie decide to modify the division line between the CA commanded by de Lattre and Ritchie's X Corps. The French 14th ID will move westward, ensuring the protection of the eastern flank of the 3rd armoured division (French), while the 46th ID (British) will take its place, supported by the 44th ID (British) and the 1st ID (South African), which will make the junction with Allfrey's V Corps, on the Adriatic coast.
The allied air force maintains its pressure on the front line, but also on the enemy's logistics with repeated raids on Florence, Arezzo and Bologna. These raids do not provoke much reaction from the Xth FK because of the exhaustion of men and equipment.
.........
Rome - The formation of the first Giustizia e Liberta regiment, composed of volunteers trained by officers and non-commissioned officers of the Regio Esercito, is completed.
The American engineering units start to rehabilitate the Fiumicino airport and to widen the runways of Littoria airport.

* Recognizing the French machines under the German camouflage, the French soldiers will work hard to erase the enemy insignia on each of the wrecks...
 
6652
December 31st, 1942

Ajaccio
- Arrival of a convoy escorted by the Volta and the Cassard and composed of two freighters, two Belgian liners and an oil tanker. This convoy is carrying ammunition and fuel for the French planes, but also the men of the 11th DBLE Teruel.
In the afternoon, the B-25s of the 31st EB land at Campo dell'Oro. The DC-3s make 51 rotations to bring men and material.
 
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