1978 Election
People's Representative Council of Indonesia (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Indonesia)
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555 Seats
Partai Nasional Indonesia Raya (National Party of [Greater] Indonesia) - 172 seats - 30.99%
- Fraksi Nasionalis (Nationalist Faction) - 45 seats
- Fraksi Golkar (Military Faction) - 71 seats
- Fraksi Ungu (Purple Faction) - 31 seats
- Fraksi NU (NU Faction) - 25 seats
Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (Progressive Union Party) - 205 seats - 36.94%
- Fraksi Hatta (Hatta Faction) - 79 seats
- Fraksi Malaya (Malayan Faction) - 105 seats
- Fraksi Madagascar (Madagascar Faction) - 21 seats
Partai Komunis Indonesia (Indonesian Communist Party) - 139 seats - 25,05%
- Fraksi Untung (Untung Faction) - 69 seats
- Fraksi Pro-Cina (Pro-China Faction) - 43 seats
- Fraksi Pro-Uni Soviet (Pro-Soviet Faction) - 27 seats
Partai Umat Islam (Islam People's Party) - 15 seats - 2,70%
Barisan Koalisi Daerah Timur (Eastern Coalition Front) - 20 seats - 3,60%
Melanesian Alliance Party (Partai Aliansi Melanesia) - 4 seats - 0,72%
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People's Regional Council of Indonesia (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Indonesia)
View attachment 560047
114 Seats
Partai Nasional Indonesia Raya (National Party of [Greater] Indonesia) - 38 seats - 33.33%
Fraksi Nasionalis (Nationalist Faction) - 10 seats
Fraksi Golkar (Military Faction) - 12 seats
Fraksi Ungu (Purple Faction) - 12 seats
Fraksi NU (NU Faction) - 4 seats
Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (Progressive Union Party) - 40 seats - 35.09%
- Fraksi Hatta (Hatta Faction) - 15 seats
- Fraksi Malaya (Malayan Faction) - 18 seats
- Fraksi Madagascar (Madagascar Faction) - 7 seats
Partai Komunis Indonesia (Indonesian Communist Party) - 23 seats - 20,18%
Fraksi Untung (Untung Faction) - 13 seats
Fraksi Pro-Cina (Pro-China Faction) - 7 seats
Fraksi Pro-Uni Soviet (Pro-Soviet Faction) - 3 seats
Partai Umat Islam (Islam People's Party) - 8 seats - 7,02%
Barisan Koalisi Daerah Timur (Eastern Coalition Front) - 3 seats - 2,63%
Melanesian Alliance Party (Partai Aliansi Melanesia) - 2 seats - 1,75%
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Presidential Election 1978
Nasution - 48,52 %
Subandrio - 51,48 %
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1978 marked the first change inside the dynamic First Party System. For nearly 33 years, nationalist politicians had ruled Indonesia. From the legendary PNI to the newer PNI-R, the government was mostly a right-wing one, teeter between country-nationalism and race-nationalism. The slow drift towards the right also caused Javanization and Javacentrism. Alas, the reign is officially ended in this election.
Surprisingly, even though how slanted PNI-R has become, the percentage they received still remains high. But, the PPP holds the leaderboard. Climbing as the first party, PPP has a decent 37% percentage, while the PNI-R acclaims 31%. Before coming to minor parties, PKI has a 25% of the seat, rising than before. The others are BKDT, PUI and Melanesia Party in descending order. PPP and PKI reformed their alliance, so the DPR is theirs.
The distribution is fairly reasonable. In Malaysia and Madagascar, almost everyone votes for PPP, while there are small pockets of PNI-R here and there. In Sumatra, only Aceh votes for PUI, while the rest is a solid PNI-R. In Borneo, the populous is split between PPP and PNI-R, PPP holds North and West, while PNI-R holds East and South. In Sulawesi, North and South were split between PPP and PKI respectively. In Papua, Maluku and Melanesia, PNI-R holds strongly while Melanesia Party and BKDT still several seats. The DPD threshold was quite similar to the DPR ones, the difference was that the PUI actually attains more seats than usual, even holding several Pasundan's key seats. PNI-R also neck-to-neck with PPP, the only difference is a slight percentage. But anywhere else is quite similar to DPR's results.
The legislative election is PPP-PKI win, and LKY immediate ascended into Premiership. And then, the presidential followed suit. Different than the legislative election, the Presidential one is perplexing, as not only regions are not valid into judgement, but also how balanced the vote is. Almost nearly 50-50, Subandrio wins the Presidency in a slim 2 % from Nasution.
A long story short, Subandrio would be inaugurated in October as president, and LKY as Premier. They would determine Indonesia’s history for the next five years.
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3rd August 1978
Tokyo, Japan
Foreign Minister Suharto is angry about Nasution’s loss in the election. The PPP, although not majorly, has swept PNI-R off the government, and in October, they will take over the government. Nasution thought that he was certain that the Presidency is theirs, him lobbying with influential local figures were not helping, as Subandrio has now won.
Suharto also found a new flaw on the Constitution, which was the three-month gap on Legislative and Executive Election. Legislative Elections is held of every April on 5 years, while Presidential Elections on July. The three-month gap was very ineffective and time-consuming, especially as Indonesia is technically a semi-presidential Republic, not a Parliamentary one. Moreover, the domestic ran first, then the Presidency. So, when in May the Legislative Results had come up, the PPP establish a ‘shadow government’ – controlling most parts of the domestic sector, even though PNI-R is still the government.
Indeed, PPP was already the leader for domestic policies for the last five years, but their controlling tendency reaches out towards foreign policies, including Suharto’s occupation. As PKI is also the elected-government, Suharto was informed by Subandrio that he must not jeopardize any relations harming with socialist states, and that includes China. Suharto just groaned on that matter, but cannot disobey. Suharto even irritates harder when he discovers the situation in China.
In 28th March 1978, Chinese officials reported the official death of Mao Ze Dong. Dies from a heart attack, the medical aid was too late for the ruler. The government held a public farewell on the hero, the man who built Communist China as it is now. Mao was a better communist leader, better than Stalin or Thorez. Balancing authority and rotation of power, Mao has created the People’s Republic of China from a small pariah near Shanxi to an agriculture power, even surpassing the Soviet Union’s records.
Mao’s death leaves the state in early industrialization. In 1975, Mao has ordered that agriculture was good enough for China to continue of the next stage of growth. Rice productions were at an all-time high, even enough for distributing to all of East Asia. For the first time, the abundance of rice in China made their population not starving, and increase rapidly. Economically, Mao’s reign was the pinnacle for China’s entrance to an economic powerhouse.
Politically though, Mao was surrounded by his cronies. Called the Gang of Four, the members criticized Mao’s lack of authority for eradicating all traitors and non-believers of Mao. The group consists of Jiang Qing, Zhang Chun Qiao, Yao Wen Yuan and Wang Huo Wen. After the death of Mao, there was a power vacuum in the political leadership of the party, and immediately Gang of Four takeovers.
Just only months ruling, Jiang Qing announced that a ‘Cultural Revolution’ must be established, erasing all anti-revolutionaries. Suharto at first was delighted about the news, these figures were destabilizing their nation. However, Suharto’s concern was Jiang Qing’s realignment to the Soviet Union, which Suharto definitely doesn’t want. China has shifted India to becoming a pro-communist nation, joining with the Soviets? It would be a disaster.
Certainly, France doesn’t want to lose her ally, from Lin Biao and Deng Xiao Ping, these pro-French officials conduct battles against the Gang of Four, and the battle has begun.
Suharto is trying to contact Japan for a possible alliance. Now or later, China would grow far beyond the United States’ capacity. Indonesia and Japan must prepare themselves for the inevitable.
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Casablanca, French Fifth Republic
Conservative Representative Ronald Reagan is visiting this part of the French colony for
détente purposes. Joining with other Democrats for possible friendship. Ronald Reagan deeply knows that his arrival to this wonderful African region was not for France, but for Moroccan separatist groups. President Jimmy Carter has given the green light for Operation Shadow War, which was essentially fighting rivals from within. Although in the front, Carter is pro-peace, philanthropists. The inside is more complicated.
Ronald Reagan is fighting for the presidential nominee of the Conservative Party, but meet up with his rival Barry Goldwater. Barry Goldwater is pro-segregationist and was endorsed by Nixon and Thurmond. Meanwhile, Reagan is pro-business, but rather not discuss segregation. After Nixon’s abrupt first term, the United States is trending towards more equality. In Carter’s presidency, even the
hippies are no longer a movement, as most of their key demands are fulfilled by the Democrat President.
However distant Reagan is with Carter in terms of domestic policy, both of them agreed on America’s supremacy. America has emerged as the global superpower since WW2, and both figures hope that would remain long. The difference was Carter go with a more discreet attitude, where Reagan would just go stand-off like the Old Wild West.
In his acting career, he was patronized by fellow colleagues from his workforce. Notable actors from Hollywood even endorsed him on his Conservative Nomination, but fail because of Nixon’s one last attempt on becoming President in 1976, therefore Ronald Reagan as Vice President. Even Star Wars actors, like Mark Hamill and Harrison Ford, become great young friends for Reagan to converse.
He is distracted by his companions, saying that King Hassan II of Morocco has arrived.