Map Thread XXI

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Russia is certainly going to push for its allies Serbia and Montenegro to partition the Kosovo Vilayet (except ofc the Sanjak of Skopje which is going to Bulgaria). Serbia can be expected to get more than Montenegro, as IOTL unsurprisingly given its the bigger state.
Just want to point out that Serbia isn't an ally of Russia at this point but instead pro-Austria. Especially considering Russia going full in on supporting Bulgaria, the Serbo-Bulgarian war (if it still happens) would look quite interesting. Russophile groups have been a problem in Serbia, Serbia might go full deck on allying Austria ittl.
 
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I’m kinda curious about what exactly mutualism looks like ITTL. Apparently, Norway’s a Khmer Rouge-esque regime, but the Spanish flag looks a bit more anarchist, so are the mutualists a weird coalition of something in line with Proudhon’s original ideology and an authoritarian revision?
Norway is an outlier within the mutualist movement ITTL, so much so that it's been booted from the Mutualist International with extreme prejudice
 
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This is an attempt by me of a "Reversed WW2 scenario." To be specific, it's a cover of a proposal made by rvbomally a while ago on the old Oneshot Thread. The main flips are America/Germany, Britain/Italy, and Russia/Japan. It also takes influence from his own "Reverse WW2" maps. The main text for the map will be edited in later.

EDIT: Here is the text:

-The first real member of the Axis would be the British. Having been on something of a downward spiral since the rise of Germany and the US, it was no surprise when the British lost in the one front war against the Dual Alliance of Germany and Italy. This defeat would lead to the rise of the Vehemance Party, a party which espoused a radical new ideology of it's party name. The British Military is dominant now, seeing the old nobility as the reason to blame for Britains loss in the great war. While the first of it's kind and an inspiration to it's big brother America, the British Army has definitely seen better days. Performance in Africa and the Middle East was alright, but their performance in the invasion of France and Germany has been laughable at best, and has forced the Americans to divert several of their troops to help.

-The United States sees a Progressive victory in the 1912 election, leading to the US joining in the Great War on two fronts in 1915. While the pacific front against Japan sees Japan break when a mutiny erupts into a full scale civil war, things go worse in the European front as the US army proves just as unprepared as the rest of Europe. This break in isolation leading to failure sees an uprising at home, which culminates in a defeat for the Allies, including the US, which forces President Roosevelt to resign in favor of his VP. The US sees an economic downturn as a result of the failure that sees the rise of radical third parties. One of these parties, the National Ascendancy Party, falls under the tutelage of war veteran Jud Hammond, who manages to win the party domination of Congress, and eventually the presidency. The result would be the transformation of the United States into the authoritarian and militarized "Greater American Nation."

Unlike his British counterpart, Hammond's Americanized version of the Vehemance ideology has strong racial and religious tones. Anti-communism is a large part. Catholics, Jews, Mormons, and other non-protestant religious denominations are treated as foreign agents that seek to undermined America, but Jews especially are a target oh Hammond's hate. Labor Camps have already been set up for dissidents as well as those who are considered subhuman. Those who have it worst are those considered non-white by Hammond's regime. Asians have seen a large amount of hatred, especially after the regime began it's war in the Pacific with Eastasia. The Conquest of South America and the Pacific, as part of Hammond's dream of "manifest destiny," has seen major resistance, although collaborators have popped up. While they are starting to slow down in the Pacific and are spreading themselves thin in Europe, the US has successfully secured an American Empire across the New World, and it's likely that Hammond's new order may see a limited victory.

-Eastasia was a product of the Great War. Japan saw a quick rise, only for it all to fall down when they lost against Russia in 1905, seeing their desired sphere go down. An attempt to regain glory saw them join the Central Powers. While they saw success against China (largely due to the Qing forces being far worse off), they saw no real success in the Pacific against the United States, with Japanese forces being slaughtered in Alaska and the Philippines. The repeated failures lead to an unexpected revolution lead by the Japanese Workers Movement that saw the establishment of the worlds first communist state. After retaking the home islands, the newly formed Union of Eastasia would expand to take several colonies in the far east as their overlords back home fell in the chaos of the Great War.

Eastasia would soon fall under the rule of General Secretary Sakamoto(1), who went about turning Eastasia into a totalitarian state. While he would build up the glory of Japan in his "great leap forward", he would also create a cult of personality that would rival that of the old Emperors. Furthermore, Sakamoto would engage in several purges of society, throwing many into prison camps as well as instilling fear with his "Guardians of the Revolution." While the goal was to make Eastasia into a world state, Sakamoto has opted for a foreign policy more akin to the old shogunate, and while he claims all in Eastasia are equal, in truth it is the Japanese who remain dominant. To the surprise of many, Eastasia and America would form a non-aggression pact that divided the Pacific amongst themselves, which Sakamoto used as the opportunity to take desired territories in the Pacific, as well as seize the rest of Indonesia(2). However, this was not to last. Hammond craved the territory that Eastasia controlled, and the Eastasian's communism combined with Hammond's delusions made Eastasia the main target of Hammond's nationalism, and so the US went to war, starting with the surprise invasion of Eastasian Hawaii, which resulted in Eastasia joining the Allied powers.

Initially, many native hawaiians saw the Americans as liberators, only for American racial policy to flip them back to the Eastasian side and starting a partisan war on the islands. While the Peoples Navy was initially devestated and outmatched by the more modern American fleet(3), they are beginning to rebuild and hold the line against American Forces in the South Pacific. And where the navy fails, Eastasia has a lot of fanatical conscripts willing to give their lives for glorious Eastasia in the hellish jungle islands against American troops.

-Italy was a fascinating country. While initially embarrased by there performance in Ethiopia in the 1890s, Italy would see great reform and victory in the Great War, seeing domination over Africa and the Middle East. Of course, with Germany taking a day off, Italy had to do a lot of running in the post war order, and tha includes befriending a lot of newly independent colonies like India as well as occupying a lot of territory that the Germans were unwilling to help with. Now they are holding the line alongside the French against the Axis invasion of France due to German reluctance to enter the war again, with the Prime Minister invoking the Roman Phalanx, announcing that Italy shall never surrender! However, with German entry into the war, it looks like things may change for the better. Good timeing too, as Italian forces are becoming more and more depleted.

-The Russian Empire is the other main axis power. Russia saw a rise in the 19th century that largely arose after victories against the Ottomans and Japan. After participating with the Dual Alliance and gaining even more, Russia gained a desire for more. The Great Depression hit Russia particularly hard, and saw a rise in extreme nationalism, especially in the Russian military. The Russians first invaded their age old punching bag in the Turkish Republic, which was ignored by most of the world, but saw widespread condemnation when word of their atrocities got out, resulting in their expulsion from the League of Nations. Using a strong amount of crusader rhetoric mixed with old school knight honor and absolutism, the Russian army has justified this abhorrent behavior amongst it's enlisted. The old feudal idea of "Divine Right of Kings" is not only well and alive around the Tsar, but it is used to justify the Russian invasion of Turkey, citing Peter the Geats dying wish of retaking Constantinople. The German Federation was particularly mirked at Russian activity in the Balkans and cut off trade with Russia. While rich with resources, Russian industry was underdeveloped and reliant on imports, meaning the embargoes hit Russia particularly hard.

Given the choice between withdrawing and looking weak or expanding their war to Eastern Europe, Russia chose war and opened their declaration with an invasion of Scandinavia, followed by a massive push across Eastern Europe, with claims that they intend to liberate the region from the German boot. The push through Eastern Europe goes well as German troops are disorganized, but their rhetoric of liberation has failed to win many over, with Russian brutality only inspiring more resistance, and gradually their advance is being halted. It appears that the Russian hope of quickly blitzing Germanies eastern lands and scaring them into re-opening their markets won't be happening any time soon. On the homefront, the Military has a large amount of power, with the Tsar's advisers and the Orthodox Church largely being subordinate to the army commanders, although the church has been utilized heavily to keep order, alongside a strong heaping of anti-communist rhetoric. Most of this is due to the young and rather fragile Tsar Alexei not having as much power as his forefathers did, largely keeping to himself in his palace and being uninterested in foreign affairs, or whatever nasty CW his forces are using in his name, but also having a strong fondness for said military.

-The Germans are probably the most powerful of the Allies. Formed in 1870 under liberals rather than the conservative Prussian leadership, the German Federation proved to be a liberal republic. While liberal at home, the German Federation did pick up on Bismarck's foreign policy of balancing the great powers. After it's victory in the Great War, Germany continued this foreign policy until Russia attacked and Britain invaded France. The Russian advance has seen Germany rearm quickly, and resulted in the military taking large amounts of power away from the civilian government. German industry is some of the finest in the world, and with it's great engineering and weapons, the tide is already being turned in Europe. The germans are taking a west first approach, hoping to push the Anglos out of France before turning to take out the considerable Russian forces in the East.

-The Turks had been humiliated over the course of the 19th century, but losing to Russia again, some would say, was the final straw. The 1911 Revolution did away with the Sultan, and a shaky republic was put in place. However, the current leadership is highly corrupt and struggling to win over the peasantry from the Communists in the countryside. This civil war was put on pause when the Russians invaded. It started in 1931 with a Russian intervention in the East that saw a puppet monarchy carved out of Armenia, a full scale invasion would occur in 1937. Millions have been killed as the Russians pour everything they have into breaking the Turks, but they do nothing but stiffen the Turks resolve to keep Russia out. The Turks are divided, poorly equipped, and lose the majority of engagements against the Russians, The will to stay free is a strong one. Initially the Turks were supported by the Americans as well as the Sympathetic Germans, but with the American alliance with Russia, the Turks are now firmly in the allied camp.


(1) TL 191 After the End reference.
(2) Before 1939, they only controlled Malaya.
(3) Not to mention the suicide attacks by battleships on their last line.


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Just want to point out that Serbia isn't an ally of Russia at this point but instead pro-Austria. Especially considering Russia going full in on supporting Bulgaria, the Serbo-Bulgarian war (if it still happens) would look quite interesting. Russophile groups have been a problem in Serbia, Serbia might go full deck on allying Austria ittl.
My bad 100% forgot the year when talking about relations, I was thinking in terms of 1905 when I said that.

Now, on the other hand Montenegro was still Russophile and drew on the same Serb national mythos at this point. It would be interesting to see Russia backing Montenegro as "the real Serbia"/"the real leader of the liberation of the Serb people" as opposed to the "Austrian bootlickers" in Serbia. Perhaps even giving it Kosovo (note that Montenegrin patriotic music, including a song written by the king himself that was supposed to be the anthem at one point made, frequent mention of Kosovo at the time, just like Serbian stuff) though that depends on just how much power the Russians have in the decision making process.

With Serbia going austrophile, that does change Austria's thinking on both Albania and Bosnia though. There's no way Russia is giving all of Bosnia to Montenegro, it's too big of a bite to swallow, so the north's fate is likely to be decided by Austria which could mean either annexation (which was done IOTL at a time when Serbia was more Russophilic but could still be done ITTL), or Austria lets friendly Serbia have it, perhaps Russia gives it to Serbia to try to court them, which could go well or poorly, I'd honestly rather like to see Russophile Montenegro and Bulgaria vs Austrophile Serbia though. Again, an independent, Muslim Bosnia is possible if the Russians want to spite Serbia and Austria, but Russia isn't exactly known for its support of Muslim powers and this would kind of ruin its image as the liberator of Christians in the Ottoman empire.

As for Albania, who knows. Stopping Montenegrin expansion that way would still be an Austrian goal, so independence seems likely.
 
I wonder in this case if Austria would be more lenient to Serbia's designs for Albania. Serbia had aimed to annex most of Albania during the First Balkan war but was stopped short by Austria & Italy. It'd allow the two powers to encircle the Russophile Montenegro completely.
 
Jewish Belarus

khug5XR.png

The national flag, the "White-Red-White" (Бела-чырвона-белы)

In a timeline where the Khazars make it further west, some Slavs convert to Judaism. The Kryvich tribes around Polatsk specifically take the religion seriously, eventually developing their own version (known as Kryvich Judaism) akin to Karaite Judaism OTL. Differentiated from other Jews by their rejection of the Oral Torah and numerous local traditions, Belarusian Jews use red ruchniks (traditional Slavic fabric weaves) as their prayer shawls. The segmented Star of David, known as a Kryvich Star, appears on the flag in the same way it does on prayer ruchniks.

Wfradpf.png

Territorial evolution of Belarus

The Kryvichians expanded from their homelands under the rule of Kniaz Dobromir and his son, Kniaz Ruslan. Ruslan allegedly had a vision of a six-pointed star and an angel, which led to his submission to the Khazars and conversion to Judaism. After his conversion, he took the name David and declared the Kingdom of Belarus in 925. Military expansion continued even after the collapse of the Khazars, until finally the Catholic states of Europe helped Poland to push them back.

FlaDhJB.png

Example of a prayer ruchnik, with examples of the three major Kryvich symbols: the Kryvich Star, the Holy Gate (a three-barred cross), and the Split Sea (anvil-like shape)

Prayer ruchniks are not standardised, but are generally expected to have at least one Jewish element. Traditionally, it is considered good luck to have all three Kryvich symbols, which are the Kryvich Star, the Holy Gate, and the Split Sea. The Kryvich Star is a mark of faith and unity of family/nation, representing the vision of Prince Ruslan of Minsk. The Holy Gate symbolizes security and safety, and represents the gates of Heaven (in Kryvich Judaism, ideas of Heaven and Hell were syncretized from neighboring Christians). Finally, the Split Sea is a largely abstract symbol thought to predate Judaism in the region, but it is said to represent the splitting of the Red Sea by Moses, bringing safe passage to those who wear it.

Notes:
-The Kryvich(ians) are a real tribe which existed, but there's not much historical record to go on. Belarusians consider them to be one of the predecessors to modern Belarus
-The star is inspired by traditional star/cross patterns which appear on OTL rushniks (also seen here in the logo for the Belarusian Christian Democrats)
-Ruslan is not a real historical person, just made him up. The Star Vision was inspired by Constantine's vision of the Chi-Rho.
-The Holy Gate is inspired by the Temple Menorah which was the most popular symbol of Judaism before the Star of David was popularized in Europe. It is a simplified version which also appears in some Kabbalah manuscripts. I took the name from the Holy Gate of Dawn in Vilnius (mentioned in the Belarusian song "Pahonia")
-The "Split Sea" symbol is a symbol which appears on a lot of weave patterns around the world, I just gave it a new name and a meaning for judaism
-Ruchniks are a real thing and are frequently displayed in religious contexts, so I figured they might be used in Judaism if Belarus went in that direction.
-Belarus and Ruthenia were "Khazarized" to a degree; their customs and language were subtley influenced by Turkic customs, and thanks to the strong centralized state emerging in Belarus, Novgorod remained very Scandinavian and Moscow remained... not very important.
-The "Second Northern War" was a coalition of Europe fighting against the powerhouse of the British Isles, Scandinavia and Novgorod.
 
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I wonder in this case if Austria would be more lenient to Serbia's designs for Albania. Serbia had aimed to annex most of Albania during the First Balkan war but was stopped short by Austria & Italy. It'd allow the two powers to encircle the Russophile Montenegro completely.

I expect they'd want to, though OP said Russia controlled the drawing of the map, so it's possible that pro-Russian Montenegro would get Kosovo and block the way, though if Austria backs Serbian designs on Albania, Russia might gain some popularity among Albanians, though it's still preventing greater Albania.
 
Jewish Belarus

khug5XR.png

The national flag, the "White-Red-White" (Бела-чырвона-белы)

In a timeline where the Khazars make it further west, some Slavs convert to Judaism. The Kryvich tribes around Polatsk specifically take the religion seriously, eventually developing their own version (known as Kryvich Judaism) akin to Karaite Judaism OTL. Differentiated from other Jews by their rejection of the Oral Torah and numerous local traditions, Belarusian Jews use red ruchniks (traditional Slavic fabric weaves) as their prayer shawls. The segmented Star of David, known as a Kryvich Star, appears on the flag in the same way it does on prayer ruchniks.

Wfradpf.png

Territorial evolution of Belarus

The Kryvichians expanded from their homelands under the rule of Kniaz Dobromir and his son, Kniaz Ruslan. Ruslan allegedly had a vision of a six-pointed star and an angel, which led to his submission to the Khazars and conversion to Judaism. After his conversion, he took the name David and declared the Kingdom of Belarus in 925. Military expansion continued even after the collapse of the Khazars, until finally the Catholic states of Europe helped Poland to push them back.

FlaDhJB.png

Example of a prayer ruchnik, with examples of the three major Kryvich symbols: the Kryvich Star, the Holy Gate (a three-barred cross), and the Split Sea (anvil-like shape)

Prayer ruchniks are not standardised, but are generally expected to have at least one Jewish element. Traditionally, it is considered good luck to have all three Kryvich symbols, which are the Kryvich Star, the Holy Gate, and the Split Sea. The Kryvich Star is a mark of faith and unity of family/nation, representing the vision of Prince Ruslan of Minsk. The Holy Gate symbolizes security and safety, and represents the gates of Heaven (in Kryvich Judaism, ideas of Heaven and Hell were syncretized from neighboring Christians). Finally, the Split Sea is a largely abstract symbol thought to predate Judaism in the region, but it is said to represent the splitting of the Red Sea by Moses, bringing safe passage to those who wear it.

Notes:
-The Kryvich(ians) are a real tribe which existed, but there's not much historical record to go on. Belarusians consider them to be one of the predecessors to modern Belarus
-The star is inspired by traditional star/cross patterns which appear on OTL rushniks (also seen here in the logo for the Belarusian Christian Democrats)
-Ruslan is not a real historical person, just made him up. The Star Vision was inspired by Constantine's vision of the Chi-Rho.
-The Holy Gate is inspired by the Temple Menorah which was the most popular symbol of Judaism before the Star of David was popularized in Europe. It is a simplified version which also appears in some Kabbalah manuscripts. I took the name from the Holy Gate of Dawn in Vilnius (mentioned in the Belarusian song "Pahonia")
-The "Split Sea" symbol is a symbol which appears on a lot of weave patterns around the world, I just gave it a new name and a meaning for judaism
-Ruchniks are a real thing and are frequently displayed in religious contexts, so I figured they might be used in Judaism if Belarus went in that direction.
-Belarus and Ruthenia were "Khazarized" to a degree; their customs and language were subtley influenced by Turkic customs, and thanks to the strong centralized state emerging in Belarus, Novgorod remained very Scandinavian and Moscow remained... not very important.
-The "Second Northern War" was a coalition of Europe fighting against the powerhouse of the British Isles, Scandinavia and Novgorod.
Why red?

Blue (well, a specific dye called tchelet that was probably a variant of Tyrian purple but is normally considered to be blue by modern Jews) as a sacramental color is actually in the Torah.

On the other hand, there is a species of snail in the Mediterranean which produces bright red dye, so I guess it could be that these Jews consider that tchelet was probably supposed to be red? (I'm sure that's now where you took the red from, but it's a fun post-facto justification...it can even be an "in-universe" justification after centuries of use of red just because it was the traditional color of the tribes that converted or something).
 
Why red?

Blue (well, a specific dye called tchelet that was probably a variant of Tyrian purple but is normally considered to be blue by modern Jews) as a sacramental color is actually in the Torah.

On the other hand, there is a species of snail in the Mediterranean which produces bright red dye, so I guess it could be that these Jews consider that tchelet was probably supposed to be red? (I'm sure that's now where you took the red from, but it's a fun post-facto justification...it can even be an "in-universe" justification after centuries of use of red just because it was the traditional color of the tribes that converted or something).
Red makes you go fast
 
Jewish Belarus

khug5XR.png

The national flag, the "White-Red-White" (Бела-чырвона-белы)

In a timeline where the Khazars make it further west, some Slavs convert to Judaism. The Kryvich tribes around Polatsk specifically take the religion seriously, eventually developing their own version (known as Kryvich Judaism) akin to Karaite Judaism OTL. Differentiated from other Jews by their rejection of the Oral Torah and numerous local traditions, Belarusian Jews use red ruchniks (traditional Slavic fabric weaves) as their prayer shawls. The segmented Star of David, known as a Kryvich Star, appears on the flag in the same way it does on prayer ruchniks.

Wfradpf.png

Territorial evolution of Belarus

The Kryvichians expanded from their homelands under the rule of Kniaz Dobromir and his son, Kniaz Ruslan. Ruslan allegedly had a vision of a six-pointed star and an angel, which led to his submission to the Khazars and conversion to Judaism. After his conversion, he took the name David and declared the Kingdom of Belarus in 925. Military expansion continued even after the collapse of the Khazars, until finally the Catholic states of Europe helped Poland to push them back.

FlaDhJB.png

Fun! I presume the Ruthenians convert to Greek Orthodoxy as OTL?
 
Why red?

Blue (well, a specific dye called tchelet that was probably a variant of Tyrian purple but is normally considered to be blue by modern Jews) as a sacramental color is actually in the Torah.

On the other hand, there is a species of snail in the Mediterranean which produces bright red dye, so I guess it could be that these Jews consider that tchelet was probably supposed to be red? (I'm sure that's now where you took the red from, but it's a fun post-facto justification...it can even be an "in-universe" justification after centuries of use of red just because it was the traditional color of the tribes that converted or something).

Kryvichian Jews converted at a great distance and superficial level, so I imagined that a lot of smaller bits of knowledge were lost or became confused over time. Throw into the mix that we don't even know how extensive Khazar conversion was and... It's conceivable to think that conversion was less than Kosher. If they're not sure what colour Tekhelet is, they may guess maybe?

I imagined that the Kryvichi did not receive the Oral Torah, leaving the door open for a lot of things

Edit: rewrite because I got mixed up with what was Halakha and what was in the Torah.
 
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While perhaps Novgorod follows the Scandinavians into the western Church and, I dunno, becomes *Protestant later.
I don't recall reading anything about q Protestant Russia, seems like a great idea for alternate history if executed properly and by the right person.... *nudges*
 
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