The North Star is Red: a Wallace Presidency, KMT Victory, Alternate Cold War TL

I have an idea. Peron is killed by an antiperonist gunman before the negotiations with Lonardi and the violence escalates. The one that leads the Peronist movement will be John William Cooke, a communist that was Perón's right hand man. He could drive Peronism further left.
Perón only nominated Cooke as his sucesor in case of death in 1956. In part because Perón was in exile and a lot of people that were actual powerbrokers in Argentina like the trade unionists had distanced themselves from him out of personal convinience.
 
Hmmmm yes but add the man of steel in between.
It seems Steelman wants Mao to scream before comming to stop the war as the "hero" of north china. So for now he will be watching. A way to make the adventures of tbe south american populist block more relevant to the timeline may be to get McCarthy into the argentinian conflict and butheads with Brazil.
A group of actors which their Internal politics aren't estructured in a left vs right axis adds a lot to the cold war. Which is why a communist front in 1955 Argentina apart of making no sense makes the conflict less interesting.
 

BigBlueBox

Banned
Even if they wanted to, I don’t think the Soviets can help North China in any way other than sending them obsolete equipment. They’re still fighting a war in Europe.
 
Even if they wanted to, I don’t think the Soviets can help North China in any way other than sending them obsolete equipment. They’re still fighting a war in Europe.
Mostly true but it may be winding down. The uprising in Poland was put down, the vast majority of Finland was already effectively taken and Sweden's entry is relatively limited and unlikely to accomplish much aside from helping Finns escape, buying time, showing solidarity and maybe occupying the Aland Islands to protect the Swedish population there. Turkey has caused some trouble in Bulgaria but its government is less than completely stable and its setbacks in the East are alarming enough that it's probably not going to be able to do much more in the West at the moment. A lot of American equipment is now already going to the US itself, which was underarmed because it wanted to fight proxy wars, and to South China, which is kind of flagging (plus a ton of good stuff the US had sent to Korea just got captured, most of it probably intact). Yugoslavia is by far their most serious fighting at the moment but that country has been battered, suffered attrition and the British and French face major crises elsewhere, especially with the Middle East, while the Americans have dedicated far too many resources to the now breakneck timetable in North China to do much of anything to help (and while I think their thirst for some kind of revenge against North China would be considerable, they're otherwise apparently no longer in the mood for this constant risky adventurism anyway). As a result of all these events, the front on Yugoslavia seems pretty stable at the moment and the Soviets can afford to move most of their troops to the far East if pushed. The war is iirc, still of limited intensity. They also have nuclear weapons and a submarine force that would make amphibious campaigns more difficult (it can theoretically operate out of North Japan too) and even relatively modest reinforcements in Korea could make an amphibious invasion way harder. Not that they want to get into a war. They really, really don't. But I personally suspect that they're not quite as tied up as they seem so the Americans still have to take their threats seriously, even if they're bluffs.
 
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Chapter 70 - Together for Victory
Together for Victory
During the global war of the mid-1950's, several Western nations notably refused to rush to the aid of what was broadly referred to as the Western Alliance. The most famous was Italy, which had left a war it had entered for the third time, leaving the war while retaining most of Italian national interests (such as the safety of its PoWs). This incident shocked the United States intelligence services and foreign policy establishment, which hoped that no other such "betrayals" would arise from the anticommunist bloc. Russell generally tried his best to restrain the American intelligence services, but his defeat in November meant that American intelligence operatives felt they could simply totally ignore the lame duck president. Instead, they celebrated the new incoming President, who repeatedly said that he would let the intelligence services do anything they wanted to win. They would try as such.

Another nation that explicitly stood out of the war was Australia. In 1954, Robert Menzies's narrow 62-60 majority fell after the Burma catastrophe. The election was a landslide victory for Australian Labor, giving them their largest parliamentary caucus in history (69-53). Interpreting the election as a thorough vindication of his views, Prime Minister H.V. Evatt began implementing aggressive socialist measures, such as strengthening state control over the Commonwealth Bank, increasing employee protections, and making it easier to unionize. Evatt also reversed the Liberal Party's movements away from the White Australia Policy, instituting laws that made it significantly more difficult for non-Europeans to move into Australia, a policy that proved popular among the Labor Party base, but not the Australian political establishment (which feared such openly racist policies would only encourage Communism in Asia). Unlike most of the Commonwealth, Evatt's Australia remained strictly neutral when Stalin invaded Yugoslavia. Drawing on his position as a former UN diplomat and founder, Evatt hoped that he would eventually bring prestige to Australia by acting as an uninterested mediator between the East and West. His insistence on neutrality remained unshaken by the North Chinese attack on America. Although the Americans argued that he was obligated to fight with them due to the ANZUS Treaty, Evatt noted it was non-binding and that American soil wasn't even directly attacked. Outraged American diplomats sought to turf him out.

Many more conservative (disproportionately Catholic) members of the Australian Labor Party, fearing that Evatt was too soft on Communism and realizing that Evatt was systematically excluding them from important party positions, grew to resent the Prime Minister. In late 1955, 7 Labor Party members left the caucus, declaring the formation of the "Anti-Communist Labor Party." However, this was not enough to actually destroy Evatt's majority. Sir William Slim, Governor-General of Australia, was a veteran of the Burmese front in World War II, personally disliked Evatt for both his racial and foreign policy views, and was under tremendous pressure by both the British government and American intelligence services to act as they desired. He did so, immediately sacking Evatt, dissolving both chambers of the legislature, and sparking a constitutional crisis. Australia headed immediately to an election, one waged almost entirely on whether Australia ought to enter the war. The election became one of the most polarized in Australian history, with the coalition of the Liberals, National/Country Party, and the Anti-Communist Labor Party constantly attacking Labor as a Communist party. Labor attacked the Coalition as being a "Frankenstein stitched together by global capital to flood Australia with Asiatics." Both American and Soviet intelligence services were remarkably active in the election, with several candidates on both sides assassinated under mysterious circumstances, something that only further contributed to the rage on both sides. At the end of the election, the nation had nearly deadlocked 50/50, with Labor holding onto a narrow 62-60 majority in the House of Representatives but losing their Senate majority. Menzies retired upon his defeat. Stepping up his rhetoric, Evatt officially barred American ships on route to Asia from refueling in Australia, causing America to suspend Australia from the ANZUS Treaty.

Similar to Australia, New Zealand had elected a Labour Government in 1954 after the Burma catastrophe, with Labour earning a 43-37 majority. However, New Zealand Labour had previously undergone a bruising primary between Walter Nash and Arnold Nordmeyer, largely over the issue of Burma. Nash's radical policy of calling for a total withdrawal did not win out. As a result, it would be Nordmeyer who led Labour to victory. Seeing the constitutional crisis in Australia and deeply opposed to Communism (as a devout Christian minister), Nordmeyer decided to fully commit to the war. With compulsory military training, New Zealand had a surprisingly large army, the vast majority of which would be shipped from New Zealand to China to assist Allied troops, directly participating with American troops in Operation Flying Tiger. Indeed, in the entire global war, New Zealand suffered the fourth highest casualties as a percentage of its population, a remarkable outcome considering that #1, #2, #3, #5, and #6 had been all invaded or bombed by foreign countries.

Prime Minister St. Laurent of Canada was also a reliable anti-Communist, and although he counseled Canadians away from drastic and hasty anti-Communist witch hunts, reliably participated in the Western alliance. Canadian troops would land in Yugoslavia and Finland and upon the attack of America, would also join the war in China, although their troops would take significantly longer to get there. The anti-Communist regimes of Spain and Portugal would also send serious expeditionary troops, Spain in particular, where the military establishment sought to avenge what had happened to Spanish expeditionary troops in the Second World War. However, the smaller nation would punch most above its weight was ferocious Sweden.
 
Chapter 71 - Operation Nyenskans
Operation Nyenskans

The goal of Operation Nyenskans (named after a famous fort in the Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia) was not to simply interdict Soviet aircraft targeting Finnish refugees fleeing to Aland and Sweden. Although most Soviet commanders were tricked into believing this, Swedish turbojet planes had a significantly higher operational range than Soviet intelligence had originally believed. Instead, Swedish planes sailed across the Baltic Sea, destroying Soviet airbases in Southern Finland, running bombing runs nearly 24-7 in order to knock these airbases offline. Although the Swedish Air Force took heavy losses, a shocked and surprised Soviet Union saw most of their air bases across Finland put out of operation for several months, necessitating that air support come from the Baltic SSRs. With only sporadic air coverage in Baltic, Allied forces took total control of the Baltic Sea, allowing refugees to freely escape Finland and war material to freely enter the Turku Perimeter. Reinforcements from the UK, Canada, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Sweden were thus able to deploy (notably missing, West Germany and Italy). By the time Soviet airbases in occupied Finland came back online, the 1955 winter had hit, buying Allied troops far more time to consolidate the defenses in Turku. Allied war commanders were generally unanimous in their conclusion that the Turku perimeter would have fallen in 1955 if not for Swedish intervention in the war. However, the surprise Swedish attack was only able to temporarily knock out the Soviet airbases. The surprise weapon that the Soviets had was their SA-2 Dvina surface to air missile system, which shocked Allied air forces and made most bombing runs against heavily guarded areas (such as the air bases that were being slowly rebuilt) outside of surprise attacks very deadly for Allied pilots.

The Swedish Air Force comprised around 4,000 top-of-the-line planes (mostly fighters, with roughly 1,500 jet planes), enough to pose a serious threat to the Soviet Air Force, which only had around 10,000 planes (split evenly between fighters and bombers). The most advanced units of the Swedish Air Force, especially the new Saab 35 Draken, the only supersonic aircraft in the world, were significantly more advanced than their Soviet counterparts. However, they did not prove to be the "wonder weapons" that Sweden had expected them to be. New Soviet MiG-17s still put a major fight against supersonic Saab 35s. In addition, the workhorse of the Soviet Air Force, the MiG-15, generally matched up to the older Swedish jet aircraft (such as the Saab 29 and De Haviland Vampire). The lower-end Swedish aircraft (usually high-tier WW2-era aircraft such as surplus American P-51 Mustangs) found themselves outmatched by Soviet MiG-15s. Finally, Soviet pilots were significantly more experienced than their Swedish counterparts. The overall advantage held by the Soviet Air Force allowed them to slowly claw back air control of Finland, but the ability of the Swedish Air Force to engage Soviet airplanes only with overwhelming numerical superiority meant Swedish aerial forces had a higher than expected kill ratio, almost (but not quite) inflicting 1:1 losses against the Soviet Union, although this ratio worsened as Sweden was forced to resort to older and older aircraft. However, the entry of the Swedish Air Force significantly lessened aerial pressure in Yugoslavia, further blunting Soviet offensives that began to lose momentum on the drive to Sarajevo. By the end of the year, 3,500 Swedish airplanes had been shot down at the cost of over 2,000 Soviet aircraft. Swedish morale most notably failed to flag even when the Swedes were forced to pull out surplus World War II aircraft, surviving Swedish pilots describe how young pilots genuinely believed their sacrifice would stop a possible Soviet bombing campaign against Sweden itself, combined with the omnipresent fear of a nuclear strike.

In many ways, Soviet high command began to panic. The wars in Yugoslavia and Finland seemed like probable victories, but they had not come as quickly as originally promised. Although Soviet Army was in fact entirely intact, aerial fights over Yugoslavia and Finland had devastated both the Soviet Air Force and the air forces of Western Europe. Soviet planners quickly became keenly aware that a large power gap was building between the Soviet and American air forces, leading to outrage and fear when the United States entered the war due to the North Chinese attack. Soviet war planners began discussing the use of tactical nuclear weapons in the case of an American entrance into the war in Finland and Yugoslavia.

In many ways, the Allied defense of Turku was always a holding action. The Red Army was far beyond the Allied armies in both sophistication and firepower. In addition, the terrain was unlike Yugoslavia, where mountains, rivers, and industrial cities could negate Soviet firepower superiority. As a result, Turku became the primary port of departure for anti-Communist refugees from Finland, who typically fled to the (rapidly overpopulated) Alands and to Sweden. Allied forces also linked up with anti-Soviet Finnish partisan groups, forming a Finnish Army-in-Exile, akin to the Polish army in exile during World War II. The initial Soviet offensive in March 1956 nearly managed to collapse the entire Turku perimeter, if not for a ferocious defense in a critical salient by Canadian troops, who faced hours of intense bombardments and were forced to launch suicide bomb attacks against Soviet T-54s. They were saved only by a relieving force of Anglo-Polish volunteer troops led by Władysław Anders, who also had sky-high morale due to being inspired by the Siege of Krakow and comparing their own relieving force (which had practically sprinted the entire way) to the Polish hussars at the Battle of Vienna.

Regardless, Soviet offensives had by late 1956 largely chipped away at the perimeter, with another total collapse several months later only forestalled by the arrival of the cold Finnish winter. Using the blizzards as cover, Allied forces began outright withdrawing from Finland, redeploying to Yugoslavia and the Alands. The Soviets declared victory, while Allied forces dubiously insisted the war in Finland wasn't over. Soviet forces would finally waltz into Turku itself over token resistance as soon as the snows melted. The fall of Finland would cause harsh recriminations in the United States, as President-elect McCarthy screamed at President Russell and his generals for not directly intervening to "save" Finland. American anti-communists quickly referred to the failure of the United States to intervene in Finland as the "Northern Betrayal."
 
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You know how every once in a while people criticize Sweden for its role in WWII and accuse it of being weak or cowardly? There won't be much of that from now on.

But what is the state of Sweden's old tradition of neutrality now? If Sweden intervenes in Yugoslavia, and that's definitely an if, it's kind of throwing out any pretenses of neutrality it may have had. Still, whether they officially join NATO or not, there will surely have to be closer cooperation with it from now on.


By the way, since it's 1957 I think it's worth noting that the Soviets are about ready to roll these out:

Sa-2camo.jpg


The SA-2 Dvina surface to air missile. While primitive compared to modern systems, it was a big deal back in the day. These might end up giving their overworked air force some relief and present a new problem for allied forces as well should they attempt attacks on Soviet bases. This was after all, the missile that would go on to down Gary Powers in his U-2 IOTL.
 
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You know how every once and while people criticize Sweden for its role in WWII and accuse it of being weak or cowardly? There won't be much of that from now on.

B ut what is the state of Sweden's old tradition of neutrality now? If Sweden intervenes in Yugoslavia, and that's definitely an if, it's kind throwing out any pretenses of neutrality it may have had. Still, whether they officially join NATO or not, there will surely have to be closer cooperation with it from now on.

One thing is that the swedish royal family still had the "emergency powers" to be called in case of war at this point... Maybe the King could use them, or at least do not revoke them to prevent their house from being a purely cerimonial power like OTL.
 
Regarding the SA-2 - one of the critical components required for its success was the proximity fuse. As I understand it, the proximity fuse design was given to the Soviets by Julius Rosenberg. Did that also happen ITTL? If not, then SA-2 introduction may be later than OTL.

Ric350
 
Regarding the SA-2 - one of the critical components required for its success was the proximity fuse. As I understand it, the proximity fuse design was given to the Soviets by Julius Rosenberg. Did that also happen ITTL? If not, then SA-2 introduction may be later than OTL.

Ric350
A good observation, however apparently he delivered this proximity fuze well before the POD in this timeline so it looks like they still would have gotten it.

On the other hand, the Americans will also be putting their sidewinder missiles into service and the Soviets lag far behind in air to air missiles and still used beam riding. IOTL, China unfortunately managed to recover a pristine dud after a clash in the Taiwan Strait and sent it to Russia. This obviously didn't happen ITTL so unless somebody fired a faulty missile and it got recovered ITTL too or if some spy got his hands on one (keep in mind that there's fewer sympathetic people), the USSR will take longer to get something comparable.
 
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You know how every once in a while people criticize Sweden for its role in WWII and accuse it of being weak or cowardly? There won't be much of that from now on.

But what is the state of Sweden's old tradition of neutrality now? If Sweden intervenes in Yugoslavia, and that's definitely an if, it's kind of throwing out any pretenses of neutrality it may have had. Still, whether they officially join NATO or not, there will surely have to be closer cooperation with it from now on.


By the way, since it's 1957 I think it's worth noting that the Soviets are about ready to roll these out:

Sa-2camo.jpg


The SA-2 Dvina surface to air missile. While primitive compared to modern systems, it was a big deal back in the day. These might end up giving their overworked air force some relief and present a new problem for allied forces as well should they attempt attacks on Soviet bases. This was after all, the missile that would go on to down Gary Powers in his U-2 IOTL.

Regarding the SA-2 - one of the critical components required for its success was the proximity fuse. As I understand it, the proximity fuse design was given to the Soviets by Julius Rosenberg. Did that also happen ITTL? If not, then SA-2 introduction may be later than OTL.

Ric350

A good observation, however apparently he delivered this proximity fuze well before the POD in this timeline so it looks like they still would have gotten it.

On the other hand, the Americans will also be putting their sidewinder missiles into service and the Soviets lag far behind in air to air missiles and still used beam riding. IOTL, China unfortunately managed to recover a pristine dud after a clash in the Taiwan Strait and sent it to Russia. This obviously didn't happen ITTL so unless somebody fired a faulty missile and it got recovered ITTL too or if some spy got his hands on one (keep in mind that there's fewer sympathetic people), the USSR will take longer to get something comparable.

Thanks for the tip! I'll edit something in about that. It actually explains really well why outside of the surprise Swedish attack, the Allies never really manage to knock out another Soviet airbase in Finland (the Soviets can just leisurely rebuild them), which means the Soviets claw back air superiority slowly, but surely.
 
Chapter 72 - Operation Flying Tiger
Operation Flying Tiger
Operation Flying Tiger was very much the brainchild of outgoing President Richard Russell, who sought a way to end the war before the new President, McCarthy, could take office and "shove a nuke up Mao's ass" in the words of Russell. The largest amphibious assault since the Battle of Okinawa in 1945 and perhaps even Operation Overlord in 1944, Operation Flying Tiger involved American, New Zealander, and Filipino troops. Canada volunteered troops, but they would have taken too long to get there, so it was understood Canadian troops, arriving as quickly as they could, would have to come later. The goal of Operation Flying Tiger was to quickly encircle any North Chinese troops in the Liaodong peninsula - and then flank the North Chinese troops defending against the combined KMT-US forces in the 10-10 Offensive towards Liaoyang. It was understood that the fighting would be hard, but Russell was confident. After all, the Americans had whipped Japan on Okinawa, a heavily fortified island. An entire peninsula, with more room to mobilize, would go much easier. However, the PLA in Dalian, organized under the Soviet-trained Liu Bocheng (and thus an expert in Soviet-style urban warfare), was also preparing for the inevitable attack.

In early-to-mid-November, just days after Russell's presidential defeat, the United States Seventh Fleet opened up with a massive bombardment of the North Chinese city of Dalian. Within a few hours, Allied troops had hit the shores of Dalian, immediately facing some of the hardest fighting of the entire war. A mostly urban city, troops had to land under heavy artillery and machine gun fire, fighting their way through apartments and factories. Dalian, which was controlled by Japan from 1905-1945, was a largely Japanese-style city. Indeed, much of the infantry fighting manuals from the proposed Operation Downfall proved extremely useful as a result. It was only thanks to incredible morale, discipline, and raw firepower that Allied troops were to secure a beachhead. The bloodiest beach was the New Zealander sector, the ironically named Love Beach, where New Zealander forces took an amazing 85% casualty rate in securing a beach head, stacking bodies of fallen comrades as sandbags to push closer to North Chinese bunkers, which were then destroyed. The final charge of the beach was led by veterans of the former Maori Battalion, which led a charge on the North Chinese trenches that quickly descended into hand-to-hand combat that the Maori won.

However, the operation was not to gain total success after the beach head, as was expected. Strict orders were given to all units to leave Port Arthur itself totally unmolested, as it was a Soviet naval base and any direct attacks on the Soviet Union were viewed as tantamount to starting a Third World War. Although many private individuals referred to the conflict as a "Third World War" and indeed even Charles De Gaulle had used the phrase once, almost every other government blacklisted that word from their vocabulary for the simple fact that all powers feared a direct USSR-US confrontation that might lead to nuclear conflagration. Despite that fact, the Soviets were not unwilling to poke the Americans in the eye. Realizing that the Americans had funded all of the Allied forces, including Yugoslavia and Finland, the Soviets were deeply unsympathetic to North China, but were still willing to give them the tools to give a black eye to the West. The Soviet Union deemed the North Chinese cause to be largely lost and figured it wasn't a huge loss given how erratic they had behaved (Soviet planners preferred more obedient puppets), but funding the North Chinese was seen as an easy way to get revenge for Finland, similarly bleeding the West.

Soviet interceptors were repainted with North Chinese flags and Stars of Davids and immediately ordered into combat. Although the Allies knew that the pilots were speaking to each other in Russian, the official Soviet response was that they were actually Jewish-Chinese, Jews who had been deported to China under Stalin's persecutions. In reality, almost none of them were, because Jews who were seen as "useful" such as soldiers, bureaucrats, scientists, and etc. had been exempt from the deportations. Interestingly, there were also actual Chinese pilots operating from Port Arthur alongside the Soviet pilots, meaning that Communist radio chatter often became characterized by a strange Russo-Mandarin pidgin. In addition, Soviet submarines, similarly painted over with North Chinese flags and Stars of David, operated in the area, sinking merchant mariners and any other isolated ships. One of the worst American losses of the war took place after an isolated troop transport was caught off-guard, before the Americans knew what was going on. 3,100 soldiers drowned in the disaster, the worst day in the American navy since Pearl Harbor.

Worst of all, the hills outside of Port Arthur had huge amounts of North Chinese artillery, as supplied from Soviet Port Arthur, making it impossible to cut off supplies or encircle them. Although the Allies had overall air superiority, Soviet interceptors made their air superiority patchwork. In addition, the Soviets "donated" several SA-2 air defense systems to the North Chinese (coincidentally also manned by "Jewish Chinese"), who quickly used them to defend their artillery network against American bombing. This artillery network on the hills also overlooked almost the entire city of Dalian. Thus, with North Chinese artillery overlooking the city as well as Allied battleships off shore, both sides could freely call in artillery strikes on the other, quickly turning the city into a bloodbath. By all accounts, the Allies had a vastly superior force, but the thorn of Port Arthur meant that they could not use their superior numbers and firepower to encircle and destroy the enemy in one fell swoop. Instead, the battle was a meat-grinder through every single block of the city. As a general rule of thumb, the Allied forces would shell a block with as much artillery as they could, send their men to fight in close-quarters through the ruins of the block, and then upon clearing the block, immediately face a North Chinese bombardment that inflicted equally terrible losses to the advancing regiment. The biggest American advantage would actually prove to be their armored superiority, the M47 Patton (and other less common tanks, like the M48 Patton) easily bested any North Chinese tanks. Indeed, the only hope of North Chinese troops against the Patton was urban ambushes with Panzerfausts, which were common, but not enough to staunch a seemingly inexhaustible supply of American tanks. American armor was the mainstay of every American assault and crucial to the success of Allied troops. The overwhelming power of American armored forces meant that North Chinese forces knew that the battle was lost as soon as the city itself was lost - the PLA had no way of stopping an American advance over plains, so a defeated PLA would be forced to retreat into either other cities, the mountains, or the swamps.

The battle was further compounded by the rather cold winter. Although Dalian remained a warmwater port, further landings around the city to the North advanced not much faster, as the frozen hills and swamps of the Liaodong peninsula proved equally gruesome. The Changbai mountains proved a non-feasible avenue of advance, so it was decided upon securing Dalian, Allied forces would advance up the coastline of the Liaodong Coast onto Jinzhou, flanking the city from both the West (the KMT) and the South (the Western Allies), seizing the city, and then advancing onto Anshan and the largest city of Shenyang (Mukden).

President-elect McCarthy ranted and raved against the "cowardice" of Russell that was clearly getting American troops killed. It was clear that America was "having to fight the war with one arm." The American public had entered the war with determination, prepared to pay back the humiliation of Korea. In terms of losses, they had easily done so multiple times over, but the public had not expected the losses that Allied forces would eventually pay. Compared to the relatively bloodless fall of Turku, the conquest of Dalian enamored the world. In 1956, Dalian was the largest port not only in North China, but all of China and the entire Eastern Bloc. With a population of roughly a million, it was the second largest city in North China and the third largest city in all of Northern China (Beiping, the former Imperial capital, had 2 million).

Allied forces would eventually secure Dalian, a completely shattered city, but at great cost. Only half of the city had evacuated and losses were huge among the remaining. Infuriatingly, the North Chinese artillery units that had inflicted the most hideous losses onto Allied forces continue to rain fire on the Allied forces until bloody charges up the hills finally routed them...at which point they simply retreated into the Soviet Port Arthur. However, regardless, the plan had succeeded. Dalian fell and with Allied troops advancing to Jinzhou, PLA forces in Jiznhou were forced to retreat from the possible encirclement, allowing the KMT troops from the West to link up with Allied troops. Further infuriating the Americans, the bulk of the retreating PLA from Dalian also escaped into the Changbai mountains and then into nearby Anshan, losing much of their heavy equipment, but escaping otherwise intact. The equipment was not seen as a large loss, as the Soviets simply transferred them more surplus equipment.

American troops attempted to follow them into the mountains, but this was largely unsuccessful. Retreating PLA troops were aided by local Manchu guides in the Changbai Mountains (the historical heartland of Nurhaci and the other Manchus who had conquered China), as these mountains were very much the last bastion of non-sinicized Manchu culture in China. Allied troops...were far less welcomed (due to their associations with the hated KMT) and often came into conflict with the local villages. In one incident, wildly broadcasted across the entire People's Republic, a Canadian motorized infantry regiment was forced to retreat under Manchu arrow fire, which to Allied shock, actually penetrated the hoods of Canadian trucks, thus proving deadly. Although this was merely an asterisk onto an otherwise extremely exemplary Canadian military record (especially in Finland), the incident would be the butt of anti-Canadian jokes for generations to come ("who would win, a Canadian motorized infantry company or one stringy boi?")
 
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