The Co-Prosperity Sphere

[CountofDooku]

Hope this is enought detail, if anyone has further questions or wishes for chapters feel free to ask for them. ;D

 

[Shreyas69]

The respective nuclear programmes?

 

[CountofDooku]

The respective nuclear programmes?

At the moment mostly the American one is running properly. In Germany many high ranking old guard Generals are sceptic about it and so is the Emperor.

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 481: Agostino Lanzillo and the Italo-Roman Empire:

Agostino Lanzillo (born 31 October 1886) was an Italian revolutionary syndicalist leader who later became a member of Benito Mussolini's fascist movement. Agostino Lanzillo was born in Reggio Calabria on 31 October 1886 to Salvatore and Giuseppina (Cosile) Lanzillo. Agostino attended primary school and secondary school in his hometown. He acquired a Law degree from the University of Rome and wrote his thesis on the socialist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Lanzillo was drawn to revolutionary syndicalism and became a follower of George Sorel. For some, the importance of Sorel in socialist historiography is in my opinion close to that of Marx and Engels. Lanzillo corresponded personally with Sorel, and published in 1910 the first biography of Sorel. Lanzillo also contributed to the syndicalist journals Avanguardia Socialista and Il divenire sociale. In 1909, George Sorel started collaborating with the French nationalist-monarchist movement Action Française, creating national syndicalism. While many in the Italian Left attacked Sorel and reproached him for his close links with Action Française, Italian revolutionary syndicalists supported Sorel. Lanzillo, for example, defended his master in a series of articles published in Il divenire sociale. Later, Lanzillo wrote to the national syndicalist journal La lupa. From 1912, Lanzillo published under Benito Mussolini editorship, contributing to Avanti!, Utopia and Il Popolo d'Italia. In 1921 Lanzillo was a lecturer in political economy at University of Rome. In 1922 he became a Professor of Political Economy at the Royal University of Milan and in 1923 he became a professor at the University of Cagliari. Later, Lanzillo was appointed rector of Royal Advanced Institute of Economics and Commerce in Venice. Lanzillo was among the founders of the fascist movement, and was a member of National Fascist Party. Lanzillo was a member of Italian Chamber of Deputies (a house of Italian Parliament), in the 27th parliamentary session (24 May 1924 – 21 January 1929). Lanzillo was also a member of the one-party National Council of Corporations in 1931. Lanzillo agued that the Italian Colonial adventure was nessessary to break tribal, ancient structures that still enslaved african societies and was holding them back. With Italian and later Roman colonial rule he saw the opportunity of establishing syndicalist doctrines and test them out as state models in the Italian colonies of Libya and Africa Orientale. He also argued that unlike the Roman Empire that once again brought civilisation to barbaric people, the Allies, mainly Britain, America and Free France only hold onto their colonies for Imperialist and egoistic reasons, that was why the Italians should better govern their colonies instead of them. Lanzillo later died on March 3, 1952, still believing in the Syndicalist Nation State of the Roman Empire hehad helped to create.

 

[CountofDooku]

Uniforms, Ranks, Tactics and Strategy of the Imperial Chosen Navy:

The Imperial Chosen Army (ICA) of the Empire of Chosen, a member state of the Co-Prosperity Sphere was mainly crewed with Koreans, often ones who had before been served in the Imperial Japanese Army. When the Empire of Chosen gained independence formed the Co-Prosperity Sphere together with Japan (Nippon) and Manchukuo in April 1935. Married with the Japanese Princess Masako of Nashimoto since 1920, the Chosen Hwangje (Emperor) Ri Gin (also known as Uimin or Euimin) commanded them from Gyeongbokgung Chosen Palace alongside Japanese advisers. Because of increasing Japanese settlers, that soon made up 2,000,000 of the 24,000,000 citizens in Chosen, many Japanese served in the Imperial Chosen Army and equally many Chosen, who had before independence served in the Imperial Japanese Army. Together they formed the core of the officer and command corps of the Imperial Chosen Army, that during the heights of the Second Great War numbered around 2,000,00 to 2,500,000 soldiers, or roughtly about 10% of the overall Chosen Population. They would see battles all around the Co-Prosperity Sphere and while parts of it's forces stayed in Korea and Manchuria, fighting the Soviet Union, many of them also saw the battles in Southeast Asia and the Pacific alongside their Asian brothers, defending the the Co-Prosperity Sphere and the Yen-Block, while inside of both the Empire of Chosen became a powerful and important national member state. They were often outdated with older Jpanese equipment, but since their independence, they also started to supply their own forces, either by building some originally Japanese designs, or their own take on some of these.

The Uniforms of the ICA were directly modelled after the Imperial Japanese Ones, but the color sheme of their elements was more in the red color sheme of the Imperial Chosen Flag (the Yang), but also used camouflage uniforms besides these parade uniforms, depending on where they were stationed in operations. In the new Chosen Empire, this Yang part of the flag and the Yi (Fire) and Kun (Heaven) sign it pointed up to represented the new Imperial Chosen Army, as well as the Chosen/ Korean peninsula and it's skies as a new “independent” member State of the Co-Prosperity Sphere, that they defended. Because of the mostly defensice role of the ICA, many of it's Chosen Commanders and Generals while being skilled in Defensive Doctrines, Skirmishes, Ambushes, Camouflage, Guerillia Fighting, Hill and Mountain Warfare, as well as well aware of their homeland in the Chosen/ Korean Peninsula were not the best, when it came to offensice tactics and strategies, or invasions. For the Hokushin-Ron, the Northern Strategy/ Northern Assault on the Soviet Union, they thereby only played a secondary role, where they accompanied the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Chosen Army helped during this initial phase to push onto Wladiwostok (later annexed by Manchukuo and renamed Haishenwai again). The majority of the Imperial Chosen Army however was part of two groups, the Imperial Chosen Border Army, at the Northenr border to Manchuria along the Yalu River and the Tuman River, that also had a secondary defense line along the Taedong River and a third one along the Imjin River, all of them supported with trenches, bunkers, fortifications, artillery, anti-tank, anti-aircraft and mortar positions. The second major group of the Imperial Chosen Army was the Imperial Chosen Peninsula Army, tasked with defending the coastlines of the Chosen/ Korean Peninsula form any form of Allied or Soviet invasion. This also meant that they cooperated with the overall Imperial Chosen Police, the local Imperial Chosen Militia to protect local peace and security, engage against bandits and anti-government Bandit Gangs and Rebels (like Socialist and Communist uprising Peasent rebellions) and even the Chosen Imperial Guard, who secured the Hwangje Ri Gin, the Imperial Chosen Family and all their palaces, holdings and direct possessions.

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 482: Lucien Rebatat and the Fascist French Empire:

Lucien Rebatet (born 15 November 1903) was a French author, journalist, and intellectual. He is known as an exponent of fascism and virulent antisemite but also as the author of Les Deux étendards, regarded by some as one of the greatest novels of the post-war era. Rebatet was born and died in Moras-en-Valloire, Drôme. As a young man, Rebatet was educated in Saint-Chamond, Loire. From 1923 to 1927 he studied at the Sorbonne, after which he became an insurance agent. It was only in 1929 that he began his career as a writer, becoming a music and film critic (the latter under the pseudonym François Vinneuil) for the far right integralist Action Française newspaper. In 1932 Rebatet became a contributor to the right-wing newspaper Je suis partout, for which he wrote most of his life. In 1938 he became head of information for Action Française and worked closely with the movement's founder, Charles Maurras. Long before the outbreak of war between France and the German Empire, Rebatet expressed sympathy for National Monarchism, notably in his articles for Je suis partout ("I Am Everywhere"), in which he accused Jews of fomenting a war to topple the old European Monarchies onceagain (reffering to the First Great War). In 1940 he was drafted into the French Army and, although he served, openly hoped for a "short and disastrous war for France".

After the Fall of France he became a radio reporter for the new Fascist French government. He soon left this post, as well as Action Française, to join Jacques Doriot's newspaper Cri Du Peuple, and to continue his writings for Je suis partout. In 1942 Rebatet published a lengthy pamphlet entitled Les Décombres ("The Ruins"), in which he traced the forces he believed to have led France to its fall. He firmly accused Third Republic politicians and its military leadership, as well as French Jews - who he claimed were the prime cause of France's political and military woes. Les Décombres is the clearest expression of Rebatet's fascism, as well as his most virulently antisemitic work. The same year, he began writing Les Deux étendards ("The Two Standards"), his first novel, that he finished in 1944. He continued to write for newspapers and even his own novels, becoming a famous author in the new French Kingdom and later French Empire. In 1945 he wrote his second novel Empereur des Français ("The French Emperor"), the beginning of a series about the Fascist Royalist French, starting with their First Empire under Napoleon as their true beginning leading all the way trought the French Empires and Emperors until the very recent one. This series would continue to be written by him until 1957 and include ten novels alone. In the meantime, he wrote other historic books, like one about the history of music. His final work was on the history of European Empires and Emperors as a whole, written in 1965, published in 1969. While still a strong supporter of Fascist Royalism, his antisemitism became less pronounced as most Fascist Royalist and National Monarchist movements, government and ruling families started to tolerate and accept Jews as normal citizens as long as they remained loyal and hard working subjects and citizens. Rebatat died on 24 August 1972 in Balazuc as one of the most popular and famous French Imperial authors, reguarded by some as the best too.

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 483: The newest Co-Prosperity Navies in 1942-43:

With the expension of the Co-Prosperity Sphere thanks to new member states, the Co-Prosperity Sphere Navies had expanded in overall factions and subdivisions, while at the same time they had in reality shrunken in size, thanks to losses during the War in South-East Asia and the Pacific. Member States like Burma, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, Sumatra, Java and New Guinea (Niugini/Niu Gini – soon to be known as the Kingdom of Papua) made demands for better and bigger ships, in fear of Allied raids or invasions, while at the same time the Co-Prosperity Sphere Dockyards were already used to their full capacity to replace the losses or undergo the conversions of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Some member states even gaines new naval capacity, like the Empire of Tibet, the Empire of Yikoku and the Mengjiang Khanate. The Tibetans used mostly smaller patrol ships, or gunboats of the Imperial Tibetan Navy on rivers like the Yellow River, the Yangtse River, the Mekong River, the Salween River, the Irrawaddy River, the Brahmaputra River, the Yarlung Tsangpo River, the Sun River, the Atun River, the Kosi River, the Ghangra River, the Karnall River, the Ganges River, the Sutlej River and the Indus River for patrols and to protect their shippments there, who often were quicker and better transport routes then the roads and paths trought the mountains. Yikoku mostly used the Salween River, he Mekong River and the Yangtse River to quickly connect it's valleys and mountain regions with the capital for a centralised state and at the same time defend their little nation state's independence against outside forces wih their small Imperial Yikoku Navy patrol ships, or gunboats there.

The Mengjiang Khanate's Navy, the Khanat Mengjiang Navy mewnahile had a active duty for the first time since the Mongol Invasion attempt on Japan. One of the main missions for their patrol ships, or gunboats was to guard their direct border across the Sanggan Gol (Sanggan River) and Hatan Gol (Yellow River) in the south to prevent Hui rebells or Communist from infiltrating their nation and during the Second Great War (the Mengjiang-Mongolian Civil War) along the Herlen Gol (Kherlen River) in the north, were they fought against Mongol People's Republic and Soviet Union Red Army forces. After the Second Great War, when Mengjiang annexed the Mongolian People's Republic and the Tuvan People's Republic and grew over over 1,06 million people, as well as 170,500 km2 or 65,800 sq mi from the Tuvan People's Republic, 1,564,116 km2 or 603,909 sq mi from the Mongolian People's Republic. Out of the Soviet Union, the Mengjiang Khanate annexed after the Second Great War 351,300 km2 or 135,600 sq mi from the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 431,500 km2 or 166,600 sq mi from the Chita Oblast, 92,600 km2 or 35,800 sq mi from the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic as well as 112,630 km2 or 43,484 sq mi out of the eastern Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. The Mengjiang Khanate organised all this new territories as Aimags (Provinces) and Sums (Districts) inside their own Mengjiang (Mongolian) Khanate (Empire). With this new territories also came lakes like Hovsgol Nuur and Uvs Nuur, Baikal Nuur, Khyargas Nuur, Khar Us Nuur, Ulungut Nuur, Markakol Nuur, Irthysch/ Saissan Nuur and Balkhas Nuur in the west as the border to the Russian Empire and the Ili Nuur, the new southern river border to the Tibetan Empire. This meant that the Mengjiang Navy once again had a growing, proud navy even if they still not were back at the height of their power, because the first Khanate had the strongest Navy on earth once.

Many of the new Co-Prosperity Sphere member States Navies however were established as auxillary force by the Imperial Japanese Navy at first. Especially for the newly liberated member states in south-east asia, of the former French, British and Dutch colonies, like Vietnam, Cambodia/ Kampuchea, Laos, Burma, Philippines, Brunei, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Bali, Tenggara, Sumatra, Java and Nuigui (Papua) at first often had only wooden ships (like logboats or Junks), as well as a few landing craft and outdated, older weapons and ships either captured from their former European and American Imperialist Colonizers, or given to them by the Imperial Japanese Navy (out of older ships they could no longer use for frontline service, but that were still good to guard coastlines and convoys). To crew these ships, the Imperial Japanese Navy often used local citizens who had preciously served as sailors for the colonial powers and switched sides, or were trained by the Imperial Japanede Army under Japanese Officers and Captains. They served as militias and sailors aboard the ships given to them, or build by Japan as members of the Co-Prosperity Sphere. With Japanese advisers, trainers and guidance, they formed their own naval branches. Still after the devastating losses in carriers after Midway, the Imperial Japanese Navy lacked the ressources and naval ship yard to repair their own ships, rpelase lossed ships, or convert their remaining ones, while at the same time building up the new Co-Prosperity Sphere member states navies. Because of that they were sold older, outdated Japanese Navy ships as a start. However, many of these member states had hoped for more modern and better equipment to defend their own independence better against Allied and Soviet Imperialism and Invasions. Because of this they demanded more moder and bigger ships fitting for such a role, like battleships or carriers, things the Japanese and the rest of the Co-Prosperity Sphere could, or would at the moment not provide, because they needed these ship types and classes themselves.

To at least temporary fix this problem, the Imperial Japanese Navy came up with a solution that at least adressed some of this problems. Therefore they invented the Light Battleships, were Battlecruisers, or Heavy Cruisers were converted with more gun batteries into sort of Batteships, while with the same method Light Cruisers or Destroyers were converted in Heavy Cruisers or Battlecruisers. The Carrier Problem, or better the Carrier wish for this new Co-Prosperity Sphere member states remained however and while member states like Chosen, Manchukuo, Yankoku, National Han China or Taikoku could build their own ones, no matter how long this took for their few and not top modern shipyards and naval building capacities, the newer, smaller Co-Prosperity Sphere member states in South-East Asia, the former colonies had this luxury not. For them the Imperial Japanese Navy gathered all transport ships and tanker ships they had captured from the Allied powers during their conquest, or build themselves, to convert them into Light Carriers. Because the Imperial Japanese Navy needed Carriers, Battle-Carriers/ Half-Carriers and all Light-Carriers they could build and get themselves after Midway, the other member states of the Co-Prosperity Sphere only got those, who provided a deck space insufficient for the Japanese, or those who would be to slow for operations in the open Pacific. Inside the liberated island nations of South-East Asia however, supported by coastal artillery and land based fighters and bombers, this Light Carriers (aften called Ultra Light Carriers by the Allies who saw them often as nothing more then a little better seaplane tender).

 

[CountofDooku]

One little Change to TTL: the Java Sultanese Republic, was turned into the Java Karaton (Empire), a Authoritarian, Totalitarian and partly Democratic National Coprospism state, where Javanese Sultanates, Rajarates and more secular provinces formed a united Republic with Constitutional Sultanates and Rajarates combined into a singly more hybrid state. I believe this way it is more just to the 1942 state of Java with masses supporting a republical democracy, while many Sultans and Rajas who still hold power under Dutch Colonial Rule wished to remain in their position or even return to independent powerfull states ruled solely by them. Japan and Coprospism TTL, might be better suited for a middle path between both influential, powerfull groups for now (no matter how much this solution holds TTL).

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 484: The Middle East Campaign – Part 2: The Campaign into Israel/Palestine and the Battle of Haifa:

While Axis Central Power Bombers hit Haifa and Tel Aviv, the situation on the Ground was not that much better for the British and their American Allies in the League of Nations Mandate of Palestine. The Axis Central Powers had established a frontline across the Wadi Hauran westwards, following Ard er Ruwesidat and Harrat er Rajil into the Javal Druz region along the Syrian Jordanian border region and into northern Mandate of Palestine. There the Neo-Ottoman General Nuri Killigil and their German allies of the Syrian Army (German: Erste Orientarmee, First Orient Army) had entered into the northern Mandate region and the Axis Central Power became the so called Palestina Army with the goal to end the British Mandate in the region and to reestablish the former Ottoman Beirut Vilayet, Syria Vilayet, as well as the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem. Since the Axis Central Powers believed the desert between Syria, Iraq and Palestine to be impassable, they only guarded this flank with a few troops. The majority of their army meanwhile concentrated on taking northern Palestine and northern Jordania hoping to capture Haifa, were the Iraq oil pipeline from Mossul ended in oil depots at Haifa harbor at the Bay of Acre. Taking Haifa would not only allow the end of Allied oil transports from there, vital for the British Empire, but also relief the Bagdad Army (German: Zweite Orientarmee, Second Orient Army) that was fighting in Iraq and open up Haifa harbor for direct, closer and faster Axis Central Powers supplies by sea route from the Turkish Mainland harbors at the Mediterranean Sea. The Neo-Ottoman and German Axis Central Power forces alongside some Jewish and Arabian local supporters and militias had managed to conquer a line from the southern Syrian border along Lake Tiberias all the way to Acre, that was used as a temporary forward supply harbor. However the Neo-Ottomans quickly used the Jewish settlements around Lake Hula and Lake Tiberias to push their idea of a future Jewish settled, self-administrated Province of their Empire forward.

Thir clearly enraged the Arabs in the region, from wich some had supported the Axis Central Powers against Britain to gain their independence, just as the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin Al-Husseini had declared in his call for Jihad. With now some Arabic and some Jewish group supporting wither, the Allies or the Axis Central powers, the siuation became rather confusing, groups like the Jewish Brigade, or the Palestine Regiment fought alongside the British and Americans forces, while at the same time starting sabotages and a irregular warfare against the Axis Central Powers. At the same time the underground Jewish militias like Haganah and others, as well as the Arabian group Palestine Jihad and other Arabian militias supported the Axis Central Powers and started their own sabotages and guerrilla warfare agains the Allies. Loylities became split, neighbors and even the same family members became enemies over wich side to trust and to fight for and soon protests erupted in the largest cities like Haifa, Tel Aviv, Jaffa and Jerusalem. The protest quickly turned into fighting of the various groups and as Arabs and Jews attacked each other and their own opposing groups, the British Army in the Mandate of Palestine suddenly had to face a open revolt behind their frontline. Bridges, railroads and supply depots were sabotaged, or raided by various groups to supply their members with weapons and open fightingstarted in the streats of the bigger cities. Most shoked by this were the American forces in the area, who fought alongside the British, Commonwealth and Free France soldiers in the region and had a generell low opinion on the future of Imperialism and Colonialism because of their isolationistic world view as well as their own dislike of global colonial empires and their world wide power games by now.

Because of the fighting in the streets and the incoming frontline of the Axis Central Powers, many civilians in Haifa tried to leave the city by ship, train or even on foot and veciles, using the roads. The British therefore had to use their reserves, local allied Militia and even their own Royal Marines to fight back against the rebelling groups and factions. With already short supplies and reinforcements, because of the fronts in Egypt and Iraq, the British, even with american help had a hard time securing the region. While they managed to hold onto major cities like Haif, Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, outer towns and regions, like Nazareth, Hebron, Beersheba and Ramalla as well as surrounding area were in the hands of various of the rebel forces and uprising groups, Jewish and Arabian alike, sometimes even right nect to each other. Because of the Axis Central Powers threat, the Americans and British focussed mainly on holding the major cities and strategis regions, like Gaza, Lydda, Tulkarm and other major regions along the major railways and supply lines. This meant that many of the rebellious groups and factions were left unharmed, as long as they not further attacked any Allied forces and positions right now. Even some districts in the major cities like Haifa, el Aviv and Jerusalem were left in the hands of this rebelling Arabian or Jewish groups, leading to confusing situations, where they controlled territory right next to one another, even fought in some streets with Allied forces right next to them on the other side of this roads in buildings opposing the positions held by them.

Once the German and Neo-Ottoman Forces pushed onto Haifa from their positions at Acre, Majd al Kurum and Shafa 'Amr. They captured Salfuriya and defeated the some Arabian rebels at Nazareth, whie allying with their Jewish enemies and pushed onto Haifa from the north and the east. Only in the south over Atlit the Allies managed to hold open a supply line, while the Axis Central Powers cut off the city in the east and tried to push into it. There however they met heavy American and British resistance along allied Commonwealth, Arabic and Jewish soldiers, while some of the local Arabian and Jewish rebell groups even openly sided with them and declared their neutrality. Because of this, the Battle of Haifa became a confusing mess, just like the Battle of Stalingrad had been before, with some neightborhoods, streets and houses deep in enemy held regionsl or sometimes even right next to them, with some houses or even rooms in one house held by one faction, and the next hold by the other. For weeks the fighting continued but with ongoing Axis Central Powers bombing raids, shelling by Axis Central Powers and Allied ships and fleets alike, the fight for Haifa became a stalemate, with the north and east of the city under control by the Axis Central Powers (the German Empire, the Neo-Ottoman Empire as well as local militias and forces, like the Jewish Haganah, the Arabian Palestine Jihad and some others forces), while the west and the south remained in the hands of the Allies (America, Great Britain, the Commonwealth, the Jewish Brigade, the Palestine Regiment and some other groups).

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 485: Coprospist States: the Empire of Manchukuo and the Imperial Manchukuo Diet:

Inside the Empire of Manchukuo, the Kangde Emperor Aisin-Gioro Puyi ruled with help and support of the Concordia Association (Mǎnzhōuguó Xiéhehuì) and the Hoankyoku his very own intelligence agency. With the help of the Concordia Association, as promoted by the Pan-Asian movements, the different peoples and ethnic nationalities in Manchukuo were granted their own self-determination and communal rights, under the slogan Manshū no Minzoku (Nationalities of Manchuria), in a federal state with minority rights, modelled after the British Empire or the Soviet Union as a blueprint for the overall Co-Prosperity Sphere. The main goal was to unify the central state and avoid separatis movements, like the ones that had weakened the olf Austrian-Hungarian Empire and the old Russian Empire. The days of true rule over other groups was propagated a over, in Manchuria all people would live equal and in harmony and co-prosperity, including Japanese (Yamato), Chosen (Koreans), Mengjiang (Mongols) and even Han Chinese (who were simply declared a Manchu subgroup because of their Northeast Speech/ Northeastern Mandarin dialect, that the Manchu and Japanese simply declared a Manchu (Manju Gisun) dialect, of a Manchu subgroup who were part of the Tungusic people. With this lie old in schools and daily propaganda, Emperor Puyi secured the loyality of the General Affairs Council, managed to secure the Civil Service and government from to much Japanese/ Kwantung Army influence (while some “advisers still maintained”, but the majority was now Manchu and put there by the Emperor himself), moved the capital to Mukden once again and grew the Legislative Council to a full legitimate legislative branch of his authonomy member state inside the Co-Prosperity Sphere. With closer ties and collaboration to the Japanese Kwantung Army, that was by now partly supplied from Manchurian industries itself and grew more autonomic. The Imperial Manchurian Army and the Imperial Manchu Navy were established as a Five People's Army, as equal five races and thnic groups meant they also had to be equally ready to obay the new nation state and fight for it and each other.

A new Manchu National identity was established and the Court was filled with many Manchu (here Manchurian Han Chinese were not counted for higher government and administration roles) to ensure their cultural and political government in their nation. With the new Religions Law of May 1938, a cult of Emperor-worship closely modeled after the Imperial cult in Japan where Hirohito was worshiped as a living god, began in Manchuku. Like Japanese Shinto and the Chosen Shindo/ Shingyo, the Manchurian Shamanism and Han Chinese folk religions Shén were declared the same Asian religious tradition and seen as Shénto. In religious census all three were viewed as the same, thereby increasing their overall numbers in relation to other religions in Manchuria. They were viewed as similar traditions, like the small differences between Japanese, Chosen and Manchurian Buddhism. Christian faith meanwhile, like Catholic and Roman, even more so Eastern Orthodox were seen as Imperialist European forces, established to take down Asian tradition, cultures and religions, to colonise their people. However in Manchuria, White Russians, exiled from the Russian Civil War had been given refugee and were tolerated as loyal and helpful subjects, therefore their Christian faith remained untoched as long as they remained loyal to the Empire of Manchukuo. The same was later true for the Jewish and Green Ukrainians in their self-administrated provinces.

Political parties inside the Concordia Association, the General Affairs Council, the Legislative Council and the Imperial Manchu Diet were of various origin and ideals. The Imperial Manchu Society (or Manchu Restauration Association) was the Court and Administration of mainly Manchus eager to remain in power and even increase the Manchu influence, as well as the true ethnic Manchu minority and some Manchu Han Chinese who truly believed the government propaganda that they were just another reginal branch of Manchurians . They directly supported the Rule of the Quing Dynasty and therfore Puyi's Aisin Gioro Clan. Their Party was supported by the Japanese Imperial Delegation (also known as Japanese Commission or Red Banner), that was partly a delegation of diplomats from the Japanese Empire, partly a Japanese political party concerned with the rights and goals of the increasing numbers of Japanese settlers and colonists inside Manchuria. Another supporter of the Manchu government was the so called Black Dragon Society (Kyūjitai; 黑龍會; Shinjitai: 黒竜会 kokuryūkai), or Amur River Society (Kokuryū-kō in Japanese), a paramilitary, ultranationalist group and later Manchu political party named after the Heilongjiang (Black Dragon River, the Amur River). It ran operations in China, Manchuria and Siberia, helping the Japanese and Manchu spies and armies in the area to liberate these parts of Manchuria (Eastern Manchuria, the Russian Far East), that the European Russian Empire had stolen from the Asian Nation of China before. They had close ties and alliances with Buddhist Sects in Manchuria and Asia and also contact to parts of the Mohammedan population, as well as close ties to leading government, military and powerful business leaders, that gave it a power and influence far greater than most other ultranationalist groups. More and more a mainstream political organisation, it attacked liberals and leftists who tried to use the State of Manchuria as a test field for a more leftist and socialist form of Coprospism. The organisation used Opium smuggling and it's intelligence apperatus to even inspire Mohammedan and African uprising, proclaiming unlike the Allies, the Co-Prosperity Sphere would threat them as equals. In this version, they used a Black Dragon as their symbol, that was fighting and defeating the American Eagle and the British Lion. They even became patrons for the Nation of Islam under Elijah Muhammed and Pacific Movement of the Eastern World in America, until this branch of their society was arrested by the FBI on February 27, 1942 in the San Joaquin Valley, California. In Manchuria they supported the Manchu Government and their reconquest of Eastern Manchuria between the Amur River and the Eastern Coast. They even spied on European unasian people and groups, sometimes even assassinated or deported them north into Siberia.

Another faction inside of the Empire of Manchuria, was the Fengtian Coalition, partly remnants of the old Fengtian Clique and partly local warlords, as well as province and district governors and mayors who wished for more local authonomy and self-administration. It partly opposed the government, at least in terms of centralization, but welcomed the idea of five equal races and ethnic groups in Manchuria, even when these five were later increased to incorporate the local Jews and Ukrainians as well as other smaller groups. The the former White Forces from the Russian Civil War, as well as the Russians living in the area were slit in two major groups. The Imperial Restauration League, a coalition of White Forces that originally had supported the Hokushin-ron, the Northern Assault of the Co-Prosperity Sphere (mainly Japan, Chosen and Manchuria) into the Soviet Union and had hoped for a recreation of the Far Eastern Republic. They together with many Russians in Exile in Manchuria even had established the provisorial government of the new Far Eastern Republic in Vladivostok, until Japan and Manchuria betrayed them and took the whole region for themselved. Some members of the White Movement and the Russian minority afterwards formed a underground Movement (the Far Eastern Front) to fight this unjust occupation, but most of Whites continued to fight the Red Army to retake the Russian Empire, even more so after Tsar/Tzar Vladimir had signed a border agreement with the Japanese Empire and the Co-Prosperity Sphere, accepting their member states claim in support for further fighting the Soviet Union and it's Red Army, while focussing on the mainly ethnic Russian heartland for a new, smaller Russian Empire. The other two “European” Parties inside Manchuria where the Legislative Assembly Party, a Jewish poliical movement, that governed the Jewish Autonomous region on their own, as well as the Zakytajščyna/ Zelenyj Klyn Party, a Ukrainian Party that governed the so called Green Ukraine, the Ukrainian settled parts of the Manchurian. Other parties were the Mangjiang Khanists (or White Banner), the remaining Mongols in the Manchu State that advocated for continuing their nomadic lifestyle and a free crossing of their traditional tribal land between Manchuria and Mengjiang whenever they pleased. Because they were not very popular or a major party outside of the western Manchurian Provinces of North Xing'an, East Xing'an, West Xing'an, South Xing'an and Rehe.

The Mohammedans in Manchuria as a minority were represented by the Green Turban Party/ Green Turban Association. The only three parties autright forbidden, besides openly socialist and communist ones were the Mandarin Clique (called Green Lanterns in Manchuria itself, as they were seen as Traitors against Manchukuo), a group of Han Chinese who while supporting Puyi's dream of a unified China, they did not believe in his Imperial Rule. Quit opposing to this they often supported the Han Chinese Majority Rule and democratic republican ideals of a future Han Chinese dominated state in the borders of the former Quing Dynasty. They were opposed by the Qing Coalition (or Blue Banner), a political Party in Manchuria of Han Chinese who, while not willing to assimilate themselves in overall Manchu Culture, favored a return of Puyi as Emperor over all od China. While the Manchu Chosen Party (or Black Banner) was the legitimate party of the Chosen people inside of Manchuria, the Joseon Society, meanwhile was also banned, as this Korean political party advocated for integrating the south Manchurian lands into the Empire of Chosen, to connect it with the Chosen Peninsula like the ancient Korean Kingdoms of Balhae and Goguryeo had once done. The League of Heavenly Harmony, Justice and Coprospism (Yìhékyōeikentuán) was a direct Pan-Asiani, Co-Prosperity Sphere political party that outright supported close cooperation between Manchuria and the rest of the Co-Prosperity Sphere, while opposing any form of foreign (European -including American-, and even Christian and Mohammedan influence in Manchukuo, even if some viewed both religions because of their place of origin in West Asia, as Asian). Just like the Black Dragon Soviety, the Yìhékyōeikentuán openly supported the Empire of Manchukuo, Puyi, the Hoankyoku and the Kwantung Army and were a major force opposing any form of Christian Faith, or Russian and Ukrainian settlement in Manchuria, no matter if these European Imperial Colonialists and European Imperial Religions as they called them, were obedient and loyal subjects or not. Their open assaults and rethoric led to the ban of the Tiānguó Political Party, a union of various Christian Groups and Movements in Manchuria. While the banning of the Tiānguó Political Party did not outomatically outlaw Christian Faith and open worshipping, the Black Dragon Soviety, the Yìhékyōeikentuán and other similar groups prevented any new Christian proselytize or openly attended church service outside of directly Ukrainian/ Russian administrated provinces and districts.

Other major political parties with close ties to the Imperial Manchurian Army and Imperial Manchurian Navy, as well as the Kwantung Army were Mukden Arsenal, Manchurian Aviation Company (Manshū Kōkū Kabushiki Gaisha or short MKKK), Harbin Heavy Industries, Shungyashan Army Arsenal, Chengde Engineering, Manchurian Airplane Manufacturing Company (Manshū Koku Hikōki Seizō Kabushiki Kaisha), Mudanjing Army Arsenal, Manchurian Railways, Changchun Industries, Showa Steel Works, the Manchurian Industrial Development Company, Kwantung Naval Industries, Qingniwa (Pusan) Naval Yards, the Kwantung Shipyards, Panjing Naval Yards, Huludao Shipbuilding Industry, Qinhuangdao Shipyards and Haishenwai (Vladivostok) Heavy Naval Shipyard Industries. Together they formed the Manchurian Development Board as a political party and a advising gremium for the government. Further more formed the Imperial Manchurian Army, the Kwantung Army and the Zaibatsu Conglomerates supporting them the Manchurian Heavy Industries political party and coalition, making the Kwantung Army and the Imperial Manchurian Army part of three political coalitions and parties at once. The Imperial Manchurian Navy meanwhile and the Shipyards and Naval Industries supporting them formed the Manchurian Naval Industries as a political party togethwer, while the Imperial Manchu Navy itself also formed a party and interest group of their own.

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 486: The Middle East Campaign – Part 3: Mesopotamia

With the German and Neo-Ottoman Bagdad Army (German: Zweite Orientarmee, Second Orient Army) attacking from their provisional headquarter in Mossul, and fought for El Kajim. The Germans and their allies soon realized that the desert between the Rivers of Euphrates and Tigirs was hard terrain to pass. Instead they used Axis Central Powers fighters and bombers, while General Nuri Pasha tried to break trought the Allied defence lines. They were opposed by General Sir Harold Alexander the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) of the Middle East Command and his British and Commonwealth forces (including Indian 10th Infantry Division, Australian), as well as the Arab Legion of Transjordan, the Iraqforce, the Palestine Regiment and the Jewish Brigade. The New Zealand Forces however had already been relocated to Asia to fight the Japanese and Co-Prosperity Sphere in British Burma and British Malaya. However the British had another new ally in the region once again, the Kurdish Corps. Sure the Allies, or more exactly the League of Nations had not secured the Kurdish promised State if Kurdistan after the First Great War, but with the Neo-Ottoman treatment of Minorities in their new Empire that ranged from forced labor to actuall genocide, the Kurds and many minorities before the incoming Neo-Ottoman forces were not to eager to wait for the Turks to force their will on them. Instead the so called Kurdish Brigade and the Kurdistan Liberation Army used volunteers to help with the defence of the remaining Kurdish regions in Iraq.

The Americans that had helped with the defence of the remaining Iraq (and most importangtly their oil fields and rafineries) faced a few Axis Central Powers assaults on their defensice positions, but luckily had their own planes, fighters and bombers to counter the enemy ones. This helped stabilize their positions at first, but after their recent victories in the Eastern Crusades and during the Battle of England, the Axis Central Powers redirected some more fighters and bombers to Africa and the Middle East. While their beachheads in Western Africa were problematic at the Moment, the Americans could mass produce and supply the rest of the African and Middle Eastern frontlines for the Allies. Unlike the Axis Central Powers however, the Allied supply lines from Great Britain or even America had quit a few problems beside their immensely longer routes of advance, harassed by Axis Central Powers naval bombers and submarines. Still the Allies did everything to supply their forces on the ground as fast as they could, not only with fighters, bombers and regulair supplies, but also with all kinds of vehicles, from transport trucks to armored trucks and tanks. With combined efforts and a little help from the hars Iraqi terrain, they managed to stop the next Axis Central Powers advance. This was partly also because the Neo-Ottoman Army Forces were not as motorized and mechanized than their Imperial German Army allies and therefore slowed them down. With the help of their Arabian allies, the British even suggested a daring plan in the legacy of Lawrence of Arabia, use local scouts to guide their path trought the believe to be impassible and attack the German and Neo-Ottoman positions from behind. The Americans approved of the plan, but the desert dunes and sandy stormes lead to many Allied vehicles to get stuck or lost in the Iraqi desert.

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 487: Mongolian and Mengjiang Skirmishes:

Along the Kherlen River, from Urgo, over Baturtchonon, Zezenkhana, Karabuilun, over Mongut and Borbo to Shobutoyin, the Mengjiang Khanate and the Japanese Forces had a kind of stable frontline, but along thr western Gobi Desert, there were few roads and rivers, only a few small trails lead trought the sand duned. Khan Demchugdongrub however, dreamed about continuing his assault along the Kerulen River onto Shirgalantu, Hakzakhuduk and Nalaicha towards the Mongol People's Republic Capital of Ulaanbaatar/ Ulan Bator (meaning “Red Hero”), or from Borbo over the slightly longer western route along Kutul, Sairussu, Suchi, Sologoi, Bainkhoshu, Boroburin, Toirin, Naran, Talabulik, Undyrdobo, Shirgalanty, Dolom and Bokuk to also reach the enemy Capital of Ulaanbaatar/ Ulan Bator. The ne Khan new that one of his first orders once the Mongolan People's Republic's capital was capture, would be to once again renaim it to it's old Mengjiang/ Mongolian name Urga (meaning “Palace”), or even better Ikh Khüree (meaning “Great Settlement”) once again, since he hated any foreign unmongolian influences on his beloved nations people. To strike fear into their enemies hearts, Mengjiang cavalry forces used the looser western frontline to sneak past enemy frontlines and raided cities like Bayin Kuduk, Khormassu or Dugonti, as well as many smaller tent settlements and towns along the way.

They liberated fellow Mengjiang/ Mongol people and relocated them south to Mengjiang if they wished to do so, or enslaved and even killed traitors of the Great Khan, as they called Socialists and Communists (who were few in overall Mongolian numbers among the everyday citizens). At the same time the Mongol People's Armies cavalry and their Red Army allied did the same and raided Mengjiang held towns like Sakanchamar, Tugulik or Biljuti as well as many small tent settlements and town in between. Whenever Mengjiang and Mongol small scouting forces and cavalry encountert one another, they exchanged greetings with rifles and machine-guns but soon the Soviet Red Army helped their allies with armored cars and tanks that were simply better then the Japanese counterpats Mengjiand and their Japanese supporterd had. Therefore the Mengjiang forces, quit outdated in this war otherwise relied more and more on anti-tank, anti-air, artillery and howitzers of various sized that were carried by their own cavalry and skilled crews, to quickly unload and use them against enemy armroed vehicles and even tanks. Still compared to the Rest of the Mongol-Mengjiang and Manchurian-Soviet Union fronts in the overall Comintern (Communist International) – Co-Prosperity Sphere Frontline the skirmishes in the Gobi Desert, as well as South and Central Mongolia was a true Blitzkrieg (lightning war) compared to the rest.

Still while true terror for the people living in the affected areas, this Mengjiang-Mongolian Skirmishes were insignificant not only for the Second Great War, or the Comintern – Co-Prosperity Sphere Frontline, but even for the smaller Mengjiang-Mongolian Front itself. Still both Mengjiang and Mongolia treated the skirmishes seriously and from campaign to campaign both sides believed that somehow a breaktrought in the region could turn the tides of the Mengjiang-Mongolian Civil War for either of them. This daring raids however were made more and more dangerous for both sides, as Mongol and Red Army fighters and bombers on one side, as well as Mengjiang and Japanese fighters and bombers on the other side. But besides hitting a few tent towns, bridges and railways that were quickly repaired the best use for each sides fighters was actually to shot down various enemy cavalry, as well as their herds of horses, camels, takhi, boar and even deer so long as it promised to weaken the other nomadics Mengjiang and Mongol livestock. On the long run both hoped, that doing so would give them the other hand, but in reality it only weakened both sides in this civil war and the overall Mengjiang/ Mongolian territory, lands, nations and people.

 

[Prince Daemon Targaryen]

If the Haganah is fighting among the Central Powers, will we see a pro-German Menachem Begin? And what's Moshe Dayan up to?

 

[CountofDooku]

If the Haganah is fighting among the Central Powers, will we see a pro-German Menachem Begin? And what's Moshe Dayan up to?

We will see a pro-German Menach Menachem Begin (also at first in White Ruthenia were most Polish Jews went TTL - fights for the Polish and White Ruthenian Armies during the Eastern Crusade) and Moshe Dayan is at the moment fighting in Haifa (currently for the British - for now), more about both an a few more in later chapters. ;D

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 488: Sergio Panunzio and the True Proletarii:

Sergio Panunzio (born July 20, 1886) was an Italian theoretician of national syndicalism and later Italian/ Roman Fascist Royalism. Sergio Panunzio was born on July 20, 1886 in Molfetta, Italy. He started his political involvement young by associating with syndicalist circles in 1902. From the University of Naples, he obtained two degrees in jurisprudence in 1908 and in philosophy in 1911. Panunzio became the head of the Fascist Faculty of Political Sciences at Perugia University in 1928. Panunzio believed that syndicalism is the historical development of Marxism. He pointed to George Sorel and Francesco Saverio Merlino as revising Marx to fit the times and emboldening it. He is said to have spearheaded the revisionism that led many syndicalists through interventionism to corporativism and he ostensibly "gave Mussolini’s dictatorship a veneer of revolutionary legitimacy." Panunzio criticized the Soviet state as a "dictatorship over the proletariat, and not of the proletariat." He also claimed that Moscow bows before the light radiating from Rome. The Communist International no longer speaks to the spirit; it is dead, unlike Italy, where in the Roman Empire the Proletarii are truly the dictatorship of the masses, a true democracy. As a strong supporter of the state for its own sake, he had a long-running academic dispute with corporatist Carlo Costamagna regarding the role of fascist monarchism, but in the end many of Panunzio's views became a reality in the new Roman Empire, where he and Mussolini claimed Ancient Rome was the true inventor of the Proletarii Republic and State Rule. Sergio Panunzio died on October 8, 1944, believing to have helped establish a true syndicalist Utopia in this new Roman Imperial Republic.

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 489: Coprospism: Philippine Laurelism

The Coprospism inside the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas; Japanese: Firipin kyōwakoku; Spanish: República de Filipinas), became known as Laurelism, after it's first President José Paciano Laurel. It started after the Japanese Liberation of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, by General Masaharu Homma, who established the Philippine Executive Commission (Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas) as a provisional government under Benigno Aquino, Sr. as the director-general. Supported stongly by the pro-Japanese Ganap Party, the newly elected KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas; Tagalog for the "Association for Service to the New Philippines") was formed as a coalition government in the Philippines, creating one of the most direct democratic Coprospist Member States of the Co-Prosperity Sphere. The KALIBAPI government coalition then elected the new government with José P. Laurel as the first truly indipendent President, Benigno S. Aquino as it's Speaker, Jorge B. Vargas as Prime Minister, Rafael Alunan as Minister of Agriculture and Comerce, Emiliano Tia Tirona as Minister of Health, Labor and Public Instructions, Antonio de las Alas as Minister of Finance, Claro M. Recto as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Teofilo Sison as Minister of Justice, Camilo Osías as Minister of Education and Quintin Paredes as Minister of Public Works and Communication. One of the first steps of the new Government was the signing of the Philippine-Japanese Treaty of Co-Prosperity, by Laurel as his Foreign Minister, and Japanese Ambassador to Philippines Sozyo Murata that made the Philippine Republic a memer state of the Co-Prosperity Sphere. Both the formation of the new government and it's election of Pesident Laurel, as well as this threaty were pushed by the Japanese Empire to further guarantee Philippine Independence and Prosperity in the future, therefore a conscription was started to create a Philippine Republic Army and Philippine Republic Navy under guidence, training and leadership (Japanese Officers, Commanders, Generals, Captains and Admirals) to secure this new Philippine Independence.

President Laurel and the Rest of the government had been ordered by former President Manuel L. Quezon to stay, while Quezon fled to Bataan during the Japanese Invasion and later to the United States to establish a government-in-exile, a act seen by many Philippinos as treason, mainly because the new government and the Japanese told them so on a nearly daily basis. New President Laurel's prewar, close relationship with Japanese officials (one of his sons had been sent to study at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in Tokyo, and Laurel had received an honorary doctorate from Tokyo University), placed him in a good position to interact with the Japanese forces and Zaibatsu in the Philippines. Laurel and other Commonwealth officials had been instructed by the Japanese Imperial Army, to form a new, provisional government, after they had invaded and “truely” liberated the Philippines, to legitimize the Coprospist Government, it's new State and it's membership in the Co-Prosperity Sphere. Laurel had before been well-known to the Japanese as a critic of US rule, as well as having demonstrated a willingness to serve under the Japanese Military Administration, as he held a series of high posts in 1941–1942. Under vigorous Japanese influence, the National Assembly selected Laurel to serve as President in 1942 and he would do so for two terms until 1950, even of his reelection was a narrow victory.

Laurel's new government exerted every effort to increase production and bring consumers' goods under control, after Prices of essential commodities rose to unprecedented heights and hunger became a problem and demanded much of the new government's attention. Rice and bread were still available but the sugar supply was gone. However after his Philippine Republic declared war on the United States and Great Britain and the Filipinos were encouraged to fight for their liberty in chase of a Allied Imperialist Invasion (but not forced to fight outside of their Islands, just as Laurel had demanded), the Japanese helped with the Issue. Prioritizing the shortages of food, President Laurel organized an agency to distribute rice, even though much of the rice was confiscated to supply Japanese soldiers stationed on the Islands. The people were forced to cultivate private plots which produced root crops like kangkong. The Japanese, in order to help raise rice production in the country, brought a quick-maturing horai rice, which was first used in Taiwan. Horai rice was expected to make the Philippines self-sufficient in rice by 1943, but rains during 1942 prevented this from happening. Manila was one of the many places in the country that suffered from severe shortages, due mainly to a typhoon that struck the country in November 1943. However what worked, was the use of Carabaos (three million in total in the Philippines before the Secodn great War started), that provided the necessary labor that allowed Filipino farmers to grow rice and other staples, allowing the farmers from growing enough rice to feed the large population. Japanese army patrols that harassed farmers or even slaughtered the Carabaos for meat were severely punished between 1941 and 1942 and send back to Japan dishonored, being replaced by fresh troops. Such examples troughtout the Co-Prosperity Sphere supported good and fair behavior towards most of the local population, even if the Japanese sill used forced labor and even Prisoners of War for doing their bidding.

The Japanese allowed Tagalog to be the national language of the Philippines. To this end, a pared-down, 1,000-word version of the language was promoted to be learned rapidly by those not yet versed in the language. Love for labor was encouraged, as seen by the massive labor recruitment programs by the KALIBAPI by mid-1943. Propagation of both Filipino and Japanese cultures were conducted. Schools were reopened, which had an overall number of 300,000 students at their peak during the Second Great War. Here Tagalog and Japanese were both thought to students. When President Laurel, together with cabinet Ministers Recto and Paredes flew to Tokyo to attend the Co-Prosperity Sphere Conference which was an international summit held in Tokyo, Japan /therefore also known as the Tokio Conference). There Japan hosted the heads of state of various members states of the Co-Prosperity Sphere, showing their commitment to Pan-Asianism and Co-Prosperity for their whole political association and their union of multiple national independent Coprospist States. The Japanese emphasized on their role as "liberator" of Asia from Western colonialism and imperialism. When President Laurel and others asked the Japanese about the still heavy Japanese military presence throughout their states and entire regions, as well as the Japanese control of transportation, media, communications and mostly even economics, the Japanese respondet that their political and economical guidance would disappear once the newly foundet, independent member states could function on their own and that like in Taikoku their military presence would also disappear once the National Member States Militaries (Armies and Navies) would be able to defend and guarantee their independence and liberaion without any additional assistence and help. At the same time the Japanese promised to help each Co-Prosperity Sphere Member State in every future political, economical and military problems alongside one another, whenever the need should arise. Those Filipinos still against the new Laurel Government, Coprospism and the Co-Prosperity Sphere, sometimes formed opposition parties, but most remained a minority and so a few went underground to fight as Guerrillas. The Republic of the Philippines and the Japanese Co-Prosperity Sphere, promised to pay a handsome reward for all willing to give informations on such traitors.

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 490: Othmar Spann, German-Austria and the Austrian Ostmark (Eastern March)

Othmar Spann (born 1 October 1878) was a conservative Austrian philosopher, sociologist and economist whose radical anti-liberal and anti-Socialist views, based on early 19th century Romantic ideas expressed by Adam Müller et al. and popularized in his books and lecture courses, helped antagonise political factions in Austria during the interwar years. Othmar Spann was the son of Josef Spann, a manufacturer and inventor. Spann grew up in Altmannsdorf, a suburban area of Vienna, Austria which is 15 minutes outside of the central city. Spann attended a Bürgerschule (citizen school) and graduated in 1898. After that he studied philosophy in Vienna, followed by Political Sciences in Zürich, Bern, and Tübingen. He received his doctorate in Political Science in 1903. From 1904 to 1907, Spann worked for the "Center for Private Welfare Service" in Frankfurt am Main. He was responsible for empirical studies of this population of workers. By the end of 1904 Spann, along with Hermann Beck and Hanns Dorn founded a newspaper called "Critical Pages for the whole Social Sciences."

In 1907, Spann wrote his "Habilitation in Political Economy" for the Hochschule in Brünn. From 1907 to 1909 he was given the position of "privatdozent" which allowed him to teach and collect fees from students. As early as 1908 Spann began working as the full-time imperial-royal vice-secretary of the statistic central commission in Vienna. He was given the position of creating a new census for Austria between 1909 and 1910. From 1914 to 1918, during the First Great War, Spann was a first lieutenant of the reserve. He was hurt during a conflict in Lemberg, Ukraine on 27 August 1914. When he recovered he was first a commander of a company of Russian prisoners and then until later in 1918 he was given a position on the "scientific committee for wartime economy" with the war Ministry in Vienna. In 1919, Spann was appointed to a position at the University of Vienna, where he taught until 1938. Spann was popular with students, not only for his lectures which would spill out into the hallways at the University, but also for mid-summer festivals which he would hold in the woods where he would teach that the ability to intuit essences was nurtured by jumping over the fire.

Repeatedly, Spann tried to draw the ruling powers' attention to his authoritarian theory of a corporate state, which he thought be introduced immediately for the benefit of all. In 1928. he joined the Militant League for German Culture (German: Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur, KfdK). Around 1930, he also joined the Nazi Party, but after the German Military Coup the new ruling German National People's Party (German: Deutschnationale Volkspartei, DNVP) gave up on the Großdeutsche Lösung ("Greater German solution") to unify both Germany and Austria. Even Chancellor Adolf Hitler rather promoted a new Dual Alliance between the new German Empire and the once again reunited Austrian-Hungarian Empire. Therefore Spann readjusted his views and now focussed more on a Deutsch-Österreich (German-Austrian) centered Germanization of Austrian-Hungary. Spann would continue to so until hid death at July 8, 1950 having some success in increasing German settlement and colonisation in Bohemia, Moravia and Galicia until then.

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 491: Coprospism: Bruneian Tajuddinism:

The Coprospist rule over Borneo began with the Japanese invasion of the Island, when 10,000 Imperial Japanese Army troops of the Kawaguchi Detachment from Cam Ranh Bay at Kuala Belait landed and liberated it from British and Dutch Occupation. The only Allied forces opposing them, was the 2nd Battalion of the 15th Punjab Regiment based at Kuching, Sarawak and within a few weeks the fighting was over. Quickly the Japanese made a agreement with Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin over governing the whole Island as the Bruneian Empire/ Empire of Brunei (also known as Sultanate of Brunei, Negara Brunei, or the Malayan Sultanate) once again. Quit ambitios to rule a Malay Sultanate that once again ruled the whole island with governate provinces (shus), Sultan Tajuddin agreed and would rule the island until his death in Jne 4, 1950. The Sultan retained his throne and was even given a pension and honours by the Japanese.Most of the Malay government officers were allowed to continue to work under the Japanese. But Brunei's reorganized administration was also expanded, former members of the Colonial Administration (of Sarawak), sometimes even Europeans who had either switched sides or were forced to do so. Some of the former Colonial Gvernment members managed to hide numerous significant government documents from the Japanese. Pengiran Yusuf, along with other Bruneians, was sent to Hiroshima, Japan for training. The British had anticipated a Japanese attack, but lacked the resources to defend the area because of their engagement in the war in Europe. The troops from the Punjab Regiment filled in the Seria oilfield oilwells with concrete in September 1941 to deny the Japanese their use. The remaining equipment and installations were destroyed when the Japanese invaded Malaya. Until the end of the war, 16 wells at Miri and Seria had been restarted by the Bruneians and Japanese, with production reaching about half the pre-war level. Coal production at Muara was also recommenced by the new Bruneian government and their Japanese allies.

During the occupation, the Japanese had their language taught in schools, and Government officers were required to learn Japanese. The local currency was replaced by transition moneay and later the Bruneian Yen. Allied attacks on shipping eventually caused trade to cease. Food and medicine fell into short supply, and the population suffered famine and disease. A airport runway, as well as a few local airfields, was constructed by the Japanese during the occupation, and in 1943 Japanese naval units were based in Brunei Bay and Labuan and the facility was developed as a public airport after the Second Great War. The Bruneian Civil Administration and the Brunei State Council and new political parties were formed to preserve and protect the sovereignty of the Sultan and the country, and to defend the rights, indepencence, liberty and prosperity of the Malays. Under Lieutenant-General Masao Baba, the local Brunei Sultanate Army and the Brunei Sultanate navy were formed. Brunei itself now governed over the whole Island of Borneo and while it's new constitution declaring the Brunei Sultanate a self-governing state, most of its foreign affairs, security, and defence remained the responsibility of the Japanese Empire trought most of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin rule, as it's local forces were still unfit to do so on their own. Most equipment like planes, tanks and even ships was of Japanese origin and often older, outdated models. The Japanese mostly let the stable, featuring strong, durable local leaders in power and resettled nearly two Million Malays from the Siam/ Thailand annexed Malayan Peninsula (now the Siamese/ Thai Peninsula) to borneo, so that Sultan Tajuddin's population would grow significant. This however caused resistance by he native Dayak population, who were forced further inland, or outright enslaved and even killed as anti-government rebells supplied with smuggled weapons by the Allies. Local Sultans and ruler had to swear allegiance to Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin the first ruler of the reestablished Bruneian Empire.

 

[CountofDooku]

Some reader asked if still Coprospist States were missing and yes, most of south-east Asia that has been liberated has no chapter yet (as well as Faro and Namo Balkan Peninsula and Russia), so here they come. ;D

 

[CountofDooku]

Chapter 492: Caucasian Commando's:

During the Axis Central Powers Campaign in the North Caucasus/ Ciscaucasia between the Sea of Azov and Black Sea on the west and the Caspian Sea on the east, the German Empire, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire and the Neo-Ottoman Empire used local militias and sympathisers with their anti-Soviet Eastern Crusade to act as local militias and police groups to secure the supply lines and regions behind the actuall Frontline. Many Don Cossaks, Kalmyks, Ossetians, Chechens, Kyrgyz and Avaras served alongside their forces to hunt down Soviet Spies, Soviet Saboteurs, Political Commissars and other traitors, but many of this ethnic militias used the situation to get a overall revenge for Stalin's Crimes and that of the Soviet Union against their people. In their hate and anger, they targeted ethnic Russians, mostly innocent civilians and accused them of being Soviet agents, former Political Commissars or other traitors. Not pleased by this in any way or form, Tsar Vladimir and the Germans and Austrian-Hungarians quickly ordered the militias to stop unjust actions agains Russian civilians, but not all of them listened to this order. So as a respond they now armed Russian Militias too and ordered each respective group only to operate in their own ethnic regions to prevent any fighting amoung one another. However what they missed to calculate was the fact that some of this newly formed militia had their very own ideas of what was rightfully their land and territory, ofen dating back hundrets of years and so conflict was unavoidable. Even more so as Stalin and the Red Army High Command had ordered their spies and agents, as well as Red Army Remnants in the Area to get involved in this Partisan and Guerrilla warfare and turn as many forces against each other as possible. This turned the whole North Caucasus region into a huge mess, that drained Axis Central Power forces and prevented them from focussing all of their soldiers against the remaining Red Army in the Region.