Chapter 884: Hitler's former Cabinet – A tale of Robert Ley
The German German politician, labour-union leader, as well as head of the German Labour Front from 193, Gauleiter, Reichsleiter and Reichsorganisationsleiter among many other high positions in the German Nazi Party Robert Ley had been born in Niederbreidenbach in the Rhine Province, the seventh of 11 children of farmer, Friedrich Ley, and his wife Emilie. A Student of chemistry at the universities of Jena, Bonn, and Münster, he had volunteered like so many for the army at the Outbreak of the Great War in 1914 and spent two years as part of the 10th Foot Artillery Regiment on the Eastern Front and Western Front alike. By 1916 he was Lieutenant and a trained artillery spotter for the Artillery Flier Detachment 202, before in July 1917 his Aircraft was shot down in France and he became a prisoner of war. He also most likely received head injuries during the crash, as ever since he spoke with a stammer and suffered bouts of erratic behaviour, aggravated by heavy drinking. His services earned him the Iron Cross, 2nd class and the Wound Badge, in silver. Being a Prisoner of War until 1920 Ley returned studying food chemistry and worked in the field for the giant IG Farben company in Leverkusen, Ruhr were thanks to the French occupation in 1924 he joined the ultra-nationalist Nazi Party in which he would prove loyal without a doubt. His own upbringing and part of being in the larges working-class party made hum sympathetic to the socialist and workers elements of the Party and the Voters alike, but in any question he would ultimately always side with Hitler. In this role he also survived internal rivalries, like the one with the party treasurer, Franz Xaver Schwarz and became Deputy Gauleiter of the Rhineland in 1925. That same year he would become a member of the National Socialist Working Association, a short-lived group of northern and western German Gauleiters, organized and led by Gregor Strasser who formed the Party-internal socialist wing, but would fail to gain control and Lay later objected Strasser’s new draft program, before the Bamberg Conference dissolved the group. By 1928 Lay would be made editor and publisher of the immensely anti-Semitic Nazi newspaper, the Westdeutscher Beobachter (West German Observer) in Cologne and elected to the Prussian Landtag, as part of the Rhenish provincial legislature for Cologne-Aachen and again held the position in 1930, before in 1931 his Gau was divided and the position given to two new Gauleiter.
Ley himself in compensation was made Ley was styled Reichsorganisationsinspekteur and conducted inspection visits to the various Gaue and after some reorganizing by Strasser, he became one of the two Reichsinspecteurs with oversight of approximately half of all Gaue, as well as Acting Landesinspekteur for Bavaria with direct responsibility for the six Bavarian Gaue in an attempt to further centralize the Gaue of Germany. As the Gauleiters opposed this Strasser fell from power and resigned after breaking with Hitler over the Future of the Party. Hitler then in his own position as Reichsorganisationsleiter made Ley Stabschef (Chief of Staff), abolished the Reichsinspecteur and Landesinspekteur and when taking over Germany in 1933 Lay became Reichsleiter, the second highest political rank in the Nazi Party, where he became a member of the reconstituted Prussian State Council by Prussian Minister-President Hermann Goring and soon was promoted to the position of Reichsorganisationsleiter. When Hitler made the decision to have the Nazi’s take over the Trade Union Movement Ley was put in charge of the enwly established German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront, DAF), which forced the Trade Unions under it’s own National Socialist Factory Cell Organisation (Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellenorganisation, NSBO) as the main Trade Union Federation. As Ley lacjed administration abilities, a member of the socialist wing of the Nazi Party Reinhold Muchow soon led the NSBO instead and began purging former ex-Social Democrats and ex-Communists and placing his own militants instead, agitating the factories on issues of wages and conditions, annoying the employers, which soon angered Hitler and the Nazi Leadershi, who soon assumed the DAF was as bad as the Communists before. Oppsoing such Syndicalist Tendencies a new Law for the Ordering of National Labour by Hitler was meant to bring the NSBO back in line, suppressing any suppressed independent working-class factory organizations, put the questions of wages and conditions in the hands of the Trustees of Labour (Treuhänder der Arbeit) and purged Muchow, so that Ley’s control was reassured.
With the NSBO suppressed and the DAF being another arm of the Nazi Party, labor deployment and discipline now served the regime, especially during the massive arms industry expansion. Heading this Labor Front, Ley invited Edward, Duke of Windsor, and Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, to conduct a tour of Germany in 1937, months after Edward had abdicated the British throne. Ley reinstalled as DAF head, Reichsorganisationsleiter, and Reichstag deputy and with large profits from his Westdeutscher Beobachter, freely embezzled DAF funds for his personal use so that by 1938 he owned a luxurious estate near Cologne, a string of villas in other cities, a fleet of cars, a private railway carriage and a large art collection and used his funds for womanizing and heavy drinking, both of which often led to embarrassing scenes in public. One of his drunken brawls would in 1942 lead to his Inge Ursula née Spilcker shooting herself and the DAF became one of the most corrupt institutions in all of Nazi Germany, in large parts thanks to Ley. As control of the trade unions, the prevention of wage increases by the Trustees of Labour system and the relentless demands for increased productivity to hasten German rearmament grew the discontent of the Working Class, the DAF was tasked with established Strength Through Joy (Kraft durch Freude, KdF), to provide a range of benefits and amenities to the German working class and their families, like subsidizing holiday resorts and cruise-liners, like the Wilhelm Gustloff and the Robert Ley, which offered Mediterranean cruises, operas, concerts, some even within the factories, free physical education and gymnastics training and coaching in sports such as football, tennis and sailing were paid for by the DAF with 29 million Reichsmark a year in 1937, reconciling the working class to the regime by 1939. Other ambitious DAF programs, like the Volkswagen (People’s Car) and the party took over the industries, thanks to the short-sightedness, malevolence, profiteering and stupidity of the business clas. While a payment plan worked fine, the outbreak of the war in reality meant none of the 340,000 workers who paid for a car ever received one until after the War, as military vehicles were now build instead. The war saw the importance and influence of Ley decline, the militarized workforce saw more and more resources go into the war effort and the role of the DAF was reduced to a auxillery workforce for military means. Ley himself felt this too, as his drunkenness and erratic behavior were no longer tolerated in war times and instead Armaments Minister Fritz Todt with his Organisation Todt (OT) and Albert Speer would succeed him as the leader of the German Workforce.
With more German Workers being conscripted as soldiers however more and more guest workers and forced labor, including Prisoners of War from Poland Ukraine and other places of Europe had to fill their role, thanks to Ley, Plenipotentiary for the Distribution of Labour (Generalbevollmächtigter für den Arbeitseinsatz) since March 1942. Ley himself msitreeted foreign slave workers and after the German Military Coup he alongside Paul Plieger head of the giant Hermann Göring Works industrial combine and leaders of the German coal industry. Because he had lacked any civility and compassion, not compassion, and his comments of Russian Pics led to a unfavorable situation for Ley during his trials. Seen as a part of Hitler’s Inner Circle like Martin Bormann and Joseph Goebbels, even his more prominent role as the Reich Commissioner for Social Housing Construction (Reichskommissar für den sozialen Wohnungsbau), later shortened to Reich Housing Commissioner (Reichswohnungskommissar) which prepared for the German Housing crisis in anticipation of Allied Bombings by 1940 now turned against him ever since the bombing of German cities from 1941 onward. His dehousing of the German Worker, misuse of forced slave labor and other programs like the misuse of concentration camp political, ideological, racial and religious prisoners as forced labor, as well as his meeting with Speer, Bormann and Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel regarding the Jewish Question, because he accused the Jewish People of plotting the extermination of Germans with aid of the Allies. With the German Military oup and arrest of the Nazi Party Ley still remained loyal to Hitler, stating "You can torture or beat me or impale me on a stake. But I will never doubt the greater deeds of Hitler." Trialed for conspiring to wage aggressive war in violation of international law or treaties, bringing a once more unified and rising Germany inoo a global conflicts, War Crimes, including among other things mistreatment of prisoners of war or civilian populations, Crimes Against German Citizens and Humanity in general, including murder, extermination, enslavement of civilian populations; persecution on the basis of racial, religious or political grounds. Reviewed by a psychiatrist and psychologist for apparently mental instability and insanity, he was found healthy enough to understand what he did and receive his prison Shortly before the trial began however, Ley had been tearing a towel into strips, fastened to the toilet pipe in his cell to a noose and strangled himself to death in his prison cell.