Keynes' Cruisers Volume 2

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There's also the report of the US battleship that did a prolonged practice shoot and recorded a % output considerably below maximum. It seems that in prolonged shoots, you get errors in drill.

I think part of the issue for the KGVs was that the interlocks were quite complicated and required a well-trained crew. With sufficient training, that's okay. Without, well...
 
Story 1806
Aboard Yamato 2147 January 2, 1943

Hyūga was by herself and lagging behind the fleet. A pair of destroyers had been detached to support and escort her. She had eaten another torpedo from Furious. The light cruiser Nagara had been targeted by the full strike from Indomitable. They had misidentified her. She was bigger than the destroyers that had been spotted and was sending an incredible barrage of anti-aircraft fire in the general direction of the strikers. She had to be a battleship so they sent nine torpedoes her way. Seven missed. Two were enough to send her down by the bow.

Aboard Yamato, tea was being passed out. Anti-aircraft gunners were still at their stations as the next wave of torpedo bombers came in. This time the Albacores from Victorious struck true. A pair of flare spotters made a long, slow, low run behind Yamato and in front of her slightly younger sister. One crashed after a 25 millimeter shell killed the pilot.

The other ten bombers pressed hard. Nine dropped while the last one hit the water in flames. Eight survived the egress. Seven torpedoes ran hot, straight and true. The mighty battleship turned into the attack trying to be skinnier than a debutante fitting into her first corset despite her Rubenesque physique. Much like that debutante, Yamato failed to be skinny enough but the turn allowed six of the torpedoes run down her flanks like an illicit lover’s hands. A torpedo burst fruitlessly against the port torpedo defense system. The battleship slowed slightly as water entered the outer voids.

Thirty minutes later, she was back at fleet speed, down six inches due to counterflooding and ready for battle.
 
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Story 1807
Celebes Sea 2217, January 2, 1943


HMS Truant accelerated. A call had just come in of a sighting by HMS Triumph to the south. The rest of the squadron would soon converge on the prey.
 
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Story 1808
Eastern Makassar Strait 2227, January 2, 1943


HMS Eskimo, Tartar, Nubian and Ashanti were spread out, eight miles apart and thirty five miles ahead of the forward cruiser screen consisting of Liverpool and Fiji. Those two ships were twenty minutes north of the main force that by now was patrolling in a race track pattern northwest of the landing beaches.

No lights were on. The only allowed tobacco was chewed tobacco which was driving the impatient smokers batty. Red lights bathed the charts near the blacked out bridge windows. Look-outs were scanning the horizon for enemies and periscopes. Radars were spinning seeking echoes.


Every gun was manned. Every damage control station was occupied by nervous men in flash protective clothing, helmets and life jackets. The torpedo tubes had been checked and then checked again, the deadly but delicate machines were ready to go over the side. The captains had thought about plans to toss depth charges over the side in an emergency. They had not committed to that action but the thought was always present to avoid secondary and unsympathetic explosions.


The radars began to feel the echoes bounce back to them. First one and then two large contacts and the possibility of even more smaller contacts. Nubian turned slightly for a better angle and at 38,000 yards, contact was confirmed. Many ships, some big coming south at 26 knots.


The sentinels began to withdraw at a leisurely twenty two knots even as a directional radio message was sent out.
 
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There's relevant data in here regarding something early on in the story:
From late 1942 to early 1943, "K" shell was introduced which contained dyes for coloring shell splashes. These shells also had a small fuze and burster to disperse the dye. I do not have the weight of these projectiles, but I would estimate that they would have added about 5 - 6 lbs. (2.3 - 2.7 kg) to the APC weight listed above unless there was a corresponding weight reduction in some other area. The following colors are listed in a 20 June 1946 Fleet Order:

King George V: Yellow
Duke of York: Green
Anson: White (this almost certainly means "no dye")
Howe: Red
 
Which is exactly the issues POW had

It wasn't just the complicated interlocks - both Y and A 'turrets' jammed at points during the battle which has nothing to do with crew experience - that's a teething issue to be fixed by the dockyard workers!

Gun A1 due to another known issue that had yet to be fixed was never going to fire more than 1 round during the battle - so after the first salvo POW was always going to be down to 9 x 14" guns

Even a 'green' RN crew isn't going to be that green as there is a massive pool of skilled long service regulars to form a core of any capital ship
 
All Battleships had reliability issues - the problem with the KGVs 14" rifles was not so much the Quad turrets but that 3 of them were involved in 3 intensive Surface actions which have subjected to a great deal of scrutiny that other actions have not been subjected too.

1. POW vs Bismarck - well she should still have been working up and not even handed over to the Navy - but needs of the service and all that and managed to fire
2. KGV vs Bismarck - fired 30 salvos (as many as 300 rounds but probably less as this included salvos where the rear turret might no have been in arc?) before starting to experience issues
3. DOY vs Scharnhorst - fired 52 broadsides (which could be upto 520 rounds if full salvos!) and then more later in the battle with only one major failure when a shell dropped of the cradle into the ammo hoist. Well if you will have a fight in a force 10 gale!

By comparison far less was recorded or investigated (certainly seems to be less available if it is!?) at the other surface actions of WW2 and the total number of Salvos is significantly less than in examples 2 and 3 above.

I mean how many complete salvos did the standards conduct at battle of the Surigao Straits?

Best I could find is:

Tennessee fired 69 14in shells during the battle, California fired 63 14in shells and West Virginia fired 93 16in shells. Of the less modernised ships the Maryland did best, firing 48 16in shells, taking her range from the West Virginia's fire. The Mississippi only fired a single salvo while the Pennsylvania was masked by the other American ships and didn't fire.

None of the examples I found gave data on any reduced salvos due to malfunctions

Washington vs Kirishima

She fired a total of 117 16-inch rounds (which is 13 or more salvos) in her mugging of the Japanese Battleship and I cannot find a example of more rounds fired by a US BB during a surface engagement but again have been unable to establish if she suffered any malfunctions or failures during the action

So with the exception of POW no other ships seemed to match the KGVs output in a single action but it would be interesting if anyone has any data on other battleship main gun reliability in action?

What about salvo firing for the old US Standards during shore bombardments?
 
I’ve always thought of the battleship gun reliability issue this way. Consider that, from the Captain’s point of view, what happens inside the turret is a black box. He doesn’t care if shell handling is more mechanical (British) or more manual (American) than average, all he cares about is the overall rate of fire. The nature of the system does not matter to him, only the output in shells fired does. Now, from our enthusiasts perspective, we see British ships that have their failure to meet ideal rates of fire listed as “mechanical failure” whilst when an American battleship doesn’t fire fast enough, the cause goes down as “drill error.” Now one of these sounds like a more fundamental issue than the other, but actually, if the outputs are compared, the British and American systems are in fact equally reliable. Either the machines or the men give out first in different systems, but the systems as a whole are functionally equivalent.
 
I guess that in an NGS scenario keeping up as high an Accurate ROF is far less important than in a Dreadnought fight - so unless someone has a actual ships log or something we probably won't know

I have no idea, I assumed that in some of the nastier island battles or even Normandy some of the BBs must have put a lot of rounds down range.
 
Remember that scene in the Clint Eastwood movie The Gauntlet where the police fire hundreds of shots at the bus carrying Clint Eastwood and Sondra Locke's characters?

I think we're about to see a real-life version of that in the Makassar Strait battle...
 
POW vs Bismarck the issue with the prince of wales was that she fought the battle after her shakedown cruise aka the buyers were fixing stuff form the cruise and the Bismarck coming out prevented the gunnery trials that could have detected the turret jamming issues.
 
I think by now the KGVs have their teething iddued sorted out and the training done, so the problems should be less.

Remember that scene in the Clint Eastwood movie The Gauntlet where the police fire hundreds of shots at the bus carrying Clint Eastwood and Sondra Locke's characters?

I think we're about to see a real-life version of that in the Makassar Strait battle...
So a real life firefight with piss poor accuracy then?

Except with pistols and shotguns its 14, 16 and 18 inch naval rounds...
 
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