Chapter 4: Destruction and Treaty
Shanghai, Chongqing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Nanjing, Wuhan, Xi’an, Hangzhou, Shenyang, Jinan, Qingdao, Luoyang, Tangshan, Xiamen, Kunming, Heifei, Taiyuan, Handan, Wuxi, Beijing, and Changzhou.
All twenty-three of these cities were incinerated in nuclear fire on February 18, 1970, after the Soviet’s two-week ultimatum expired. A majority of China’s leadership was in bunkers around the country, so the number caught up in the Beijing strike was relatively small. However, an increasingly large amount of high-level officials were disgruntled with Mao’s antics and refusal to debate surrender. On February 25, Mao’s bunker was stormed by military personnel. Mao escaped while his guards distracted the invaders. However, his car was blown up by a mine just a few minutes later. When news reached Lin Biao, he declared himself acting Premier and began to consolidate remnants.
Unfortunately, he wasn’t the only one trying to get power from this situation. Some tried to gain favor with the Soviets by surrendering or announcing ceasefires. The senior officials and commanders in Tibet and Manchuria surrendered, followed soon after by Xinjiang. The Soviets recognized the Manchurian government as the legitimate ruler of China and outlined a treaty:
CHINA will pay $10,000,000,000 in compensation over 10 years for the bombing of Soviet cities.
CHINA will pay $15,000,000,000 in general reperations.
CHINA will be limited to 500,000 total armed forces personnel.
CHINA will grant independence to Xinjiang (‘East Turkestan’) under Soviet administration.
CHINA will grant independence to Tibet under the previous government.
CHINA will cede border regions to the Soviet Union.
CHINA will cede border regions to Mongolia.
The treaty was fairly lopsided, although the Soviets were mad. On the international front, many were relieved that the death and devastation were no longer happening. The Americans had forced North Vietnam into accepting a favorable peace deal, which split the country into two parts. America appropriated over $10 Billion in nation-building funds, which was supposed to increase the quality of life in the south by enough that the North would want reunification. The Soviet treasury was basically non-existent at this point, so it ended up taking half of China’s entire reserves after the war ended. The Republic of China launched two ‘expeditions’ into the Guangdong province, where they were greeted as liberators. The world was now changing.