Filipinas: La Gloriosa y Más Allá

ramones1986

ramones1986

Friendly Reminder

Oops, I already posted the events on this chapter. Nevertheless, I'll post the other events later this afternoon, Philippine Standard Time
 
ramones1986

ramones1986

Timeline of Events, 1874-80: The Second Wave (continuation)

1875​

October:
A small band of troops and surveyors started to explore the Cordillera region. Originating from the Ilocos, the band discovered the majestic rice terraces, the indigenous Igorot peoples and their culture, and the possibility of mining gold in the mountains.​
banaue-rice-terraces_09.jpg

The rice terraces of the Cordillera​

November:
The Infrastructure Minister Valentín Díaz proposed before the Cortes a plan for improving and extending infrastructure across the Islands; it includes the construction of roads from the barrios to the poblaciones[1] of every municipalities, the improvement of existing roads and ports (mostly provincial), and the possibility of constructing a railroad from Dagupan to Legazpi. The Cortes agreed to the plan as part of the General Budget for 1876.​

December:
As the General Budget for 1876 (PH$17,000,000.00) was signed by the Governor-General, he suggested that the possibility of a Dagupan-Legazpi railroad should be a cooperation project between the Infrastructure Ministry and the various Juntas Provinciales (Pangasinan, Pampanga, Bulacan, Manila, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines and Albay).​

1876​

20 January:
The Governor-General announced that his next objective is to pacify the Muslim-dominated parts of Mindanao.​

22 January:
The Governor-General received telegrams from both President Sagasta and War Minister Juan Prim, who said:
"PERMISSION TO RAISE TROOPS FOR MINDANAO PACIFICATION APPROVED STOP"
Click to expand...

24 January:
Realized that the number of actual Spanish soldiers were not enough for the Pacification Campaign, the Governor-General announced that the recruitment for local soldiers were open by 1st of February.​

February:
The recruitment for the local soldiers began as queues of young men waiting for their turn inside the Cuartel España in the Intramuros, Fort San Felipe in Cavite and in the rest of the Islands.​
images

Cuartel de España​

Note:
[1] a Población is the urban part of a small municipality in the Philippines.
 
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ramones1986

ramones1986

Timeline of Events, 1874-80: The Second Wave (continuation)

1876​

March-May:
The newly recruited Filipino soldiers were trained under the Spanish generals, as they still find a way to train Filipino generals. At first, there was some tension between the seasoned Spanish troops and the new recruits, but it was resolved immediately. The troops were called "Batallones Filipinos", equipped with modern weapons and a discipline that resembled the modernized Spanish Armed Forces​
.
Dibujo-6.jpg

A brigade of the Batallones Filipinos
​

28 May:
1,230 soldiers of the Batallones Filipinos (including 230 nurses and doctors) leave Manila to begin the Moro Pacification.​

30 May:
The soldiers arrived in Davao (then Nueva Guipuzcoa) to begin their campaign to pacify the Muslim regions of Mindanao.​
Insurgent_soldiers_in_the_Philippines_1899.jpg

Another brigade of the Batallones upon arrival in the city of Davao​
June-September:
The Moro Pacification campaign; the Batallones Filipinos easily defeated the Maranao, Iranun and Maguindanao forces; overall, the Filipino troops only suffered 10 deaths and 50 injuries. Nevertheless, the troops admired the bravery of the Moro warriors.​

29 September:
The last of the Moro soldiers surrendered to the Filipino troops.​

30 September:
A treaty was signed between the representatives of the Governor-General and the rulers of the Moro lands in Cotabato. The said treaty provided the Moros of the following:
  • Local autonomy under a protectorate
  • Freedom to worship their religion
  • Freedom from discrimination
  • Citizenship for all Moros
  • Their possible representation in the Cortes

2 October:
The Junta General, as well as the Governor-General, congratulated the Batallones Filipinos for their discipline and performance in the Moro Pacification. The Junta President Joaquin Pardo de Tavera said that the Traty of Cotabato assured the equality of the Moros under the law.​

4 October:
The Cortes President Numeriano Adriano revealed to the press about the possibility of drafting the Basic Laws of the Philippine Islands "in a year of two". He never revealed any details on the said project, but according to the rumors that circulated within the Intendencia that the "Basic Laws" was basically a mix of codified existing laws and inserting new provisions.​

18 October:
The Spanish Armed Forces leave Manila to begin the takeover of the Sulu Archipelago.​

20 October:
The Spanish forces arrived in Jolo to began their conquest of the Sultanate.​
 
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ramones1986

ramones1986

Timeline of Events, 1874-80: The Second Wave (continuation)

1876​

November:
While the Spanish Armed Forces continued their mission in the Sultanate of Sulu, the Cortes started to draft the General Budget for the year 1877. According to the press reports, a large percentage of the proposed budget is allocated to defense and infrastructure due to the conquest of the Moro Mindanao. However, the Cortes President denied these reports; Numeriano Adriano said that while defense and infrastructure are more important due to the recent conquests, he said that its proportion on the proposed budgets will be minimal.​

December:
The Governor-General signed the General Budget for the year 1877. In the P$17,000,000.00 budget, while most of its priorities are still the same, the press noticed the increased spending on infrastructure and defense, due to the fact that there's still a military campaign in Moro Mindanao.​


1877​
January:
The Cortes of the Junta General started to talk about the provisional anthem of the Junta General. Though the Frente Popular opposed the proposal due to fear, the law was passed and signed by the Governor-General immediately. The chosen provisional anthem of the Philippines was Himno de Riego; according to the said law, the lyrics were modified to adjust to the Islands. The lyrics of the anthem was published by the newspapers the day after the approval. The news even reached Spain; the liberals were amused, the conservatives were disappointed.​

February-April:
The Governor-General confirmed the drafting of the Basic Law of the Island in a regular meeting with the Manila press in the Malacañang Palace. Carlos Maria de la Torre said to the journalists that the drafted Basic Law will be extended to Moro Mindanao "as soon as possible". Meanwhile in the Intendencia, the deputies are discussing, analyzing and drafting the provisions of the Basic Law.​

2 May:
The Governor-General signed and sealed the Basic Law of the Philippine Islands at the Malacañang Palace. The provisions of the Basic Law codified some of the most important laws of the Cortes (Bill of Rights of the Philippine Islands, the Flag and Anthem Laws, laws about the Junta General itself), as well as new provisions (The definition of being a Filipino, the roles of the Junta General and the Juntas Generales). In general, it established a federal government for the Islands, and a large degree of self-government.​

4 May:
The Spanish Army took Jolo, the capital of the Sultanate of Sulu. This end the military campaign to take the island sultanate.​

5 May:
The Sultan was sent to Manila to meet with the Governor-General to sign the extended version of Treaty of Cotabato.
​
7 May:
In the Malacañang Palace, Carlos Maria de la Torre met His Royal Highness Sultan Jamalul A'Lam of Sulu to sign the extended version of the Treaty of Cotabato. According to the said treaty, the provisions already effective in the Moro Mindanao mainland shall be extended to the Sultanate, with an assurance of forming a parliamentary government under a protectorate.​

9 May:
Two days after signing the Treaty of Cotabato, Sultanate Jamalul A'Lam of Sulu leave Manila in a steamboat to Jolo. Together with his entourage, he obtained a copy of the treaty.​


800px-SultanOfSuluAndSuite.PNG

Th Sultan of Sulu and his entourage​

16 May:
The Cortes of the Junta General passed a resolution that extends the already existing laws and decrees of the Islands to the Moro territories.
​
22 May:
The representatives of the Moro leaders met with the Junta President and the Governor-General at the Palacio del Gobierno in the Old City of Manila. The said meeting was about the future of the Moro Territories. Both Joaquin Pardo de Tavera and Carlos Maria de la Torre said that aside from designating Cotabato as the capital and adapting Malay as the language of communication between the Moro groups, further details will be determined in the future.​
 
Dragos Cel Mare

Dragos Cel Mare

Banned
As for me, I study Online, in the UP Open University. I'm currently taking a course in HTML, as well as Marine Biology, but I'm using AH.Com to procrastinate.

Speaking of which, does anyone of you know Marine Biology?
 
ramones1986

ramones1986

Timeline of Events, 1874-80: The Second Wave (continuation)

1877​

June:
The leaders of the Bajau people in North Borneo requested to the government in Manila to be separated from the rest of the territory. The primary reason is the cultural and religious differences: The Bajau people are generally Muslims, while the rest of the ethnic groups of the said colony (Kadazan, Dusun and Murut) are mostly Christian. For this reason, the Governor-General issued a special decree that the Bajau territory (the city of Tawau and its surrounding region) will be part of the Moro territory.​

July:
At the second session of the meetings between the Junta General and the representatives of Moro leaders that was held in the Malacañang Palace, President Tardo de Tavera proposed that the Moro leaders should instruct the madaris to have a free basic education program. Meanwhile, the Governor-General announced that reforms should be made after the local elections, the very first in the territories.​

August:
The Governor-General appointed a descendant of Muhammad Alimuddin[1] as the very first Viceroy of the Moro Territory. Carlos Maria de la Torre summoned Abdullah Hassan Alimuddin[2] to accept his position. A week later, A.H. Alimuddin arrived in Cotabato to meet with the representatives of the Moro rulers.​

September-October:
The Cortes of the Junta General approved a law that permit immigration to Mindanao provinces of Davao, Misamis, Koronadal and most of Zamboanga. According to the news reports by the Manila newspapers, only men were allowed to migrate to these areas, due to the fear of offending tribal leaders. After the passage of the law, thousands of men migrated to Mindanao in search of opportunity; most of these migrants are Visayans, because of the proximity.​

November:
Carlos María de la Torre announced to the press that local and provincial elections will be held in May next year. According to the Governor-General, the Presidents of the Juntas Provinciales will decide on the dissolution of their respective legislature. In addition, the territories in Mindanao will send their very first representatives to the Cortes by May of next year.
​
December:
While the Cortes is finalizing the budget for the next year, in Cotabato, the Viceroy-General decreed that the Moro rulers must appoint representatives to form the very first Moro Council (Consejo Moro/Dewan Bangsamoro). Twenty representatives formed the very first council. Mahmud Haj Ali Pandaibesi[3] was selected as the President.​



Notes:
[1]Sultan of Sulu, 1735-48 and 1764-73
[2]A fictitious name
[3]Another fictitious name; as observed, Muslims have a patronymic naming, and some surnames indicate their ancestor's occupation of place of origin. In the case of Mahmud Hj Ali Pandaibesi, Mahmudis the given name, Haj Ali is the name of his father, and the surname Pandaibesi denoted his ancestor's occupation as blacksmith.
 
Libertad

Libertad

brokenman said:
You're very lucky mate, as we're studying in the same university. I am graduating too. :D


I currently miss this TL. Please don't euthanize this thread. :(
Click to expand...

Hetalia and I are from the same university. But he's still 3rd year. He's a Psychology student. I am from Development Studies. God, What's your course?

What a small world.... :eek:
 
ramones1986

ramones1986

Timeline of Events, 1874-80: The Second Wave (continuation)

1878​

January:
Various newspapers across the country (including Manila) reported the dissolution of the Juntas Provinciales and Juntas Municipales to pave way for the upcoming provincial and local elections. Regarding this matter, the Junta President suggested that the activity of the Junta will be suspended to help the candidates the local candidates. However, the Governor-General rejected the suggestion, saying that the Junta General should continue their day-to-day work. Nevertheless, helping the candidates for their votes is not bad, though he reminded both leaders that it should be done occasionaly.
​
February-3 May:
The campaign period. Both the Partido Reformista and Frente Insular rigorously campaigned in most provinces. Occasionally, both Pardo de Tavera and Azacarraga went to the campaign to support their respective candidates. The press described the campaign as "energetic and vigorous". Pamphlets were distributed among people to explain the platforms of the two parties; in most provinces, these pamphlets were written both in Spanish and the local language, while in Manila, Nueva Ecija and Bulacan, pamphlets was written in Spanish.
​
6 May:
The election day. According to the Board of Elections, 90.8% of the eligible voting population actually went to the polling station to cast their vote. The results were sent by telegram. Most of the provinces voted for the Reformistas, while the Frente Insular maintained their power in the provinces of Camarines, Albay, Camarines, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, Cebu, Leyte and Surigao, and recently captured Palawan.​

8 May:
Both the Frente Insular and the Reformistas celebrated their victory parties in their respective headquarters; the Junta President Pardo de Tavera said that the recent results proved of confidence of the public to the governing party, while Azcarraga said that the recent victory of the Frente Insular in Palawan is a key to the consolidation o the party.​

June:
Due to the economic boom of the Philippines, a rising and more influential middle class were emerging; more diverse than before, as they included the farmers who benefited from the Desamortizaciones. Nevertheless, the boom has a price: Exploitation of the working class. In the columns of both Marcelo H. del Pilar and Graciano Lopez Jaena, the workers were working 10 hours a day in a very little daily wage, even practicing child labor. Abuse were common. The graphic description of these conditions sparked indignation among the middle class.​
 
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