Sylvester IV (born
Thomas Stewart Baker; 20 January 1934) is the 264th and current Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, belong as Bishop of Rome and sovereign monarch of Vatican State. Sylvester is the second English to hold the Papacy (with Adrian IV) and the first non-Italian since the Dutch Adrian VI. Baker was born in Liverpool, England. His parents, his mother, Mary Jane (a cleaner) and John Stewart (a seaman) were working class and devout Roman Catholics. From 1940 to 1949, Baker attended Cheswardine Boarding School and at 15 he became a novice monk with the Roman Catholic Brothers of Ploermel in Jersey and later in Shropshire, when he decided to become priest in 1951.
In 1959, he was ordinated by then-Bishop of Liverpool John Heenan and began his humanitarian mission along with other English priests in India, until 1962. In December 1962, during Second Vatican Council, the young priest attended many of the meetings in Rome and was delighted with the words of the then-Bishop of Milan Giovanni Montini. When Pope John XXIII died in June 1963, "we all thought that the Council and the Church would stop there", Baker said in his My Way to Found God (1995). But, later when the Council was finished, he returned to England and was relocated to Diocese of Lancaster, when he stayed by nine years. In 1974, however, Pope Paul VI indicated him to succeed James Cunningham as Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle and later, despite his friendship with Pope Montini, he was created Cardinal at age 43 in the last consistory held by Paul VI.
[1] In 1978, when Paul VI died, Baker wasn't papabili as the press sold it about, but he denied to be a compromise candidate enter the cardinals.
[2] He stayed working in his diocese coming personally to help in the distribution of food and clothing weekly in front of St Mary's Cathedral.
In October 1985, the matured and progressive cardinal was nominated by Pope John Paul I to become Archbishop of Westminster, after the suddenly death of Basil Hume two months before. Now as primate of the United Kingdom, Baker quickly agreed with the Pontiff to talk with Anglican authorities. That was fundamental to the success of Pope's tour on UK in late-1987, when the Holiness, along with Robert Runcie, conducted a ecumenical mass in Canterbury Cathedral.
[3] The time passed, he worked a lot in Westminster, but in 10 May 1994, John Paul I passed away at age of 81. In the Conclave, Thomas Baker, Carlo Maria Martini and Joseph Ratzinger emerged as papabili by the press, following the College of Cardinals insiders' rumours. So, after three ballots, in 8 June 1994, after long talks with his colleagues, the compromise enter moderates, progressives and some conservatives also, Baker was elected Pope, tooking the name of Sylvester.
[4]
Since that, Pope Sylvester showed his charisma and affection by the faithful and the poor people around the world. The first internation trip was to Kolkatta, in early-1995 when he met Mother Teresa and came back to the places he worked as monk. Later in that year, the Pontiff visited London and a held a mass with more than one-hundred-thousand people in Wembley Stadium. In 1997, after "hard and lovely work", Vatican published the first Sylvester's encyclic:
Diliges proximum tuum urging Catholics around the world, when possible, to help their brother, regardless of the problem that is happening. But the Sylvester's greatest move came in 1998 when His Holiness helped governments of United Kingdom, Ireland and Northern Ireland to deal and stop "The Troubles", which have finally been terminated through the Rome Agreements, signed in early-1999 at his presence in Vatican City. By this, Robin Cook, David Trimble, Bertie Ahern and Pope Sylvester were laureated with Nobel Peace Prize in that year.
In year 2000 Newyear's Day, the Pope himself opened the Holy Door of Basilica of St. Peter, making the consecration of the Universe and humanity.
[5] Over that, Sylvester also criticized "the voracity of modern capitalism" in his famous speech in Canada (2002), and the "laziness that overlaps faith" in Australia (2003). In 2004, Sylvester shocked the world with his second encyclic
Amor et hominibus when talked openly about homossexual marriages, which he said "which isn't a sin, because the brotherly love that happens between them, neither is it". At the wave of allegations and revelations of cases of children sexual abuse in the Catholic Church in 2005, Sylvester established a permanent commission to identify and denounce abusive clerics, counting on the collaboration of intelligence police from dozens of countries worldwide. In 2010, after the peak of global economic crisis, Sylvester wrote his third encyclic,
Aequalitas et iustitiae, heavily criticizing the capitalist system which later generated the "Anti-Commie Pope" move in USA, leaded by Alex Jones.
In 2012, rumours of his abdication came down with his world tour in South America and Asia, when he denied them and was marked by the candy distribution in Belo Horizonte, at the Global Youth Day (2013). In 2014, he turned 80 and returned to Liverpool when he announced which would bring to the Cardinalate the archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh Percy Kent-Smith, his longtime friend. As 2018, Pope Sylvester still "strong and steadfast in faith" as himself said in the 2017 Christmas mass in Vatican City. He He enjoys a popularity shortly before in the history of the Catholic Church, and still studies the possibility of convening a council around his 25th year anniversary of papacy (and after his 85th birthday) in 2019.
[6]
[1] "I felt that the Holy Spirit entered me definitively through Aggiornamento and that was a wonderful hour to speak with English Catholic community about the faith." (
The Man who Walked Without Fear, 2002).
[2] "I was too young for that job. Spiritual maturation was still a necessity of mine person at that moment." (
My Way to Found God, 1995)
[3] "That was a great moment. I definitively realized that I was making good...and fair. To anybody, and any faith. And wasn't a merely deal. Was the construction of one the most important and respectful bridges of interreligious dialogue in the last 30 years." (
The Honor of Two Traditions, 2013)
[4] "Many things have happened to me since Jersey times. But that...that was really the providence and fullness that God gave me, that I've never felt before, and only in my death I'll feel again." (
The Work of the Church, 2017)
[5] "God, omnipresent father. We are here to serve and thank you for everything you have done. So I intercede with my brethren in faith for the immensity of the Universe which you have created with perfection in every detail, and to all of us, part of this blessed creation and instrument of your will, so that the peace of Christ may reign forever in our hearts and lifes. Amen." (
Pope Sylvester's praying at January 1, 2000's mass in Vatican City)
[6]"Did you, from press, said I'm one of the most popular people in the World, right? But that's not quite allright. [laughs] I was in...Paris, 2011. Then, a lady come to me...and asked me if I don't know the name of an street that went to Notre Dame. I said so: 'Do you want a ride up to there?', and she denied saying: 'these old people are trying to impress us everyday!' [laughs]" (
except from BBC's interview with Pope Sylvester IV, 2017)