Whoever says the caliphates weren't racist a) doesn't know about East African slave trading and b) has never heard of the Zanj rebellion, which involved sugar plantations in Mesopotamia, let alone c) Muslim writers at the time using the same anti-black tropes as European slaveowners did to justify slavery hundreds of years later. And while the revisionist "Mongols multiculti, Mongols good" take has stayed in vogue for a while, they also wrecked the Middle East so bad that it took centuries to recover -- and propped up an ethnic caste system in China that eventually fueled the forces that overthrew them.
The closest OTL ever got was the Portuguese in Asia, and that was solely because the Portuguese had so few European Portuguese available to man their far-flung empire that you had Euro-African landowners in Mozambique and Eurasian sailors/priests/whoever in Portuguese India and Macau considering themselves Portuguese, and even those relied on slavery and the horrific crimes of the Catholic Church against non-Catholics.