um...I'm so...so sorry for the extreme delay...I've had the misfortune of a jury duty summons immediately after school went out and a horrible case of the old writers block after that...so can ya forgive me guys
Anyway, here's a little update, I'll get to work on the next one!
El Plan de Zapopan and Calleja's escape!
Of all the fronts in the Revolutionary war, Allende is believed to have faced the most challenging. After he led his army in a lightning campaign through central New Spain for most of 1811, Viceroy Venegas ordered several thousand troops to form a defensive line that ran from Pachuca to the Gulf of México, north of Veracruz. The negative impact for the Royalists was that it left most of their other fronts as mere skeleton lines with little chance to face the larger Insurgent armies. According to Venegas, “extreme measures must be set forth in order choke the rebellion off at the source.” Future testimony also reveals Venegas would constantly rant on about how his “incompetent generals” could not subdue a pack for traitorous soldiers and “that damned priest!” The latter an obvious reference at one of the friendlier epithets the Viceroy used for Hidalgo.
For Allende the first half of 1812 was a lackluster shell of his performance the preceding year. Pushing south from Tampico in March Allende would be halted near the ruins at El Tajín, engaging a Royalist force lead by his old enemy Agustín de Iturbide. After several bouts that were inconclusive, Allende would retreat north to re-examine his battle strategy. Following a suggestion from one of Morelos’s subordinates [1], Allende would begin a four-month campaign of guerrilla warfare that would wreak havoc on Royalists troops throughout northern Veracruz. As Allende was preparing to execute his new strategy, he received news from up north of the United States entry into the war on the Insurgent’s side, as well as the possibility of American aid arriving in Tampico, giving Allende’s army a well needed morale boost. In late July the plan went into motion as two contingents lead by Juan Aldama and José Mariano Jiménez would cross into the mountainous regions of Nuevo Santander, San Luis Potosí and Veracruz under Royalist control, area prime for guerrilla warfare.
Allende would join the guerrilla war at a later date, as he was aiding in the creation of an actual government to represent the Insurgent cause. Ever since the proclamation of autonomy for New Spain was declared in November 1810, the Insurgents had been trying to set up governance for the areas they controlled, as well as a base for the eventual liberation of the colony. The process was initiated then and there in Mexico City at the start of the Rebellion, but Calleja’s re-conquest of the Valley of México during the winter of 1811 put any governmental plans on hold. A fledgling congress had been created in Guadalajara later in 1811, but no supreme legal document held it together. Allende was no political guru, but he was fully aware that for the foreseeable future any government he would be fighting for would need to greatly support the military. In August Allende would arrive in Guadalajara in order to give is remarks on what is needed of any future government. Later known as the Plan de Zapopan, named after the Guadalajara suburb it was drafted in, this document outlined several important points, among them:
- A congress would be set up to represent the 17 intendancies and provinces that make up New Spain.
- This congress would be tasked to appoint a president to preside over the congress.
- The president of the congress (serving in the name of Fernando VII) would be in charge of appointing ministers within the government, as well as ministers to represent the nation in foreign lands.
- The congress would be in charge of creating a treasury and coining money.
- This document will serve as a temporary constitution until a formal constitutional convention can be called for.
President Andrés Quintana Roo
The delegates present at the congress voted to appoint Andrés Quintana Roo, a lawyer from Mérida, as President of the Congress. Upon taking office, Quintana Roo’s first action as President was to appoint Ignacio Allende as Generalissimo of the entire Insurgent Army, as well as pledging the Insurgent government’s full support for the military. Allende, now feeling it necessary to return to the field, left Guadalajara in early September to return to Tampico before leading his army south. Upon his arrival to Tampico, however, Allende would be told grim news. Mere days prior to his arrival Félix Maria Calleja, the feared Royalist general captured after the Battle of San Luis Potosí, had been broken out of his jail cell in Tampico, his location unknown to any of the Insurgents. Shocked and enraged, Allende ordered a manhunt for his former military commander, but to no avail. After several days, Allende called off the search, claiming that by this point in time Insurgent resources would be better utilized in fighting the bulk of the Royalists and hopefully get Calleja among the crowd as opposed to focusing on one single man. Therefore, on September 20, 1812, Allende would lead his army down the mountains of Nuevo Santander and into northern Veracruz to face off against Iturbide’s Royalist force. Meanwhile, deep in the mountains of central New Spain, a certain vengeful Royalist general, entourage in tow, was making his way south towards México City to pay a visit to a good friend in the Viceroy's mansion. [2]
[1] A reference to Vicente Guererro
[2] Do I smell a coup d'état...
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Questions? Comments? Suggestions?