Finally...UPDATE TIME!!!
I've been stuck on this horrible update for far too long, I think I'll just cut my losses and move on, I don't have all summer! It's not the best update in the world, and I know you guys were expecting much more after months of dead space...hopefully I can make up for it with the next update.
President Henry Clay's First Term: 1825-1829
Sixth President of the United States, Henry Clay
In 1825 the United States of America was at a crossroads. One year shy of the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the country had evolved remarkably in the last half century. With a population exceeding 10 million (and steadily growing), spread out over 24 states and 9 territories – from Cuba to the Cascades – the objective for many in Washington was how to best hold this diverse nation together. That task would be handed to the recently inaugurated President of the United States, Henry Clay. Soon following his inauguration in March, President Clay addressed Congress of further uniting the nation under the banner of his proposed “American System.” Clay and his clique of supporters sought to invest in internal improvements, in the same grain as the recently completed Erie Canal in New York State. The American System found support from none other than Clay’s previous electoral adversary, John Quincy Adams, who remained at the post of Secretary of State for the Clay Administration. Both Clay and Adams envisioned the creation of new roads and canals to link the nation together, in the hope to better exploit its great nation potential. Funds were allotted to expand the National Road from its previous terminus at Wheeling, Virginia to the capital of Missouri, Jefferson City. Clay also supported the creation of the Chesapeake Canal, running adjacent to the Potomac River and connecting Washington City to Cumberland, Maryland and thus the National Road. The explicit involvement of the executive branch into the crafting of policy further hastened the fracturing of the Democratic-Republican Party, as the “states’ rights” faction fervently opposed the empowerment of the Federal government. Despite being rather noisy about their opposition towards President Clay’s initiatives, the states’ rights faction in Congress was very decentralized, and for most of Clay’s first term they proved only to be a periodic nuisance to the President, as inter-factional conflict wore on for the remainder of the decade.
The debate over states’ rights was, however, vigorous enough to create a rift between Clay and his Vice President, John C. Calhoun. Calhoun’s home state of South Carolina had become a hotbed for states’ rights fervor, and after a brief visit to his constituency in 1826, Calhoun abruptly shifted from supporting the President’s initiatives to constantly butt heads with the Administration. Calhoun’s estrangement with the Clay Administration reached its breaking point at the start of 1828. Egged on by states’ righters in South Carolina and other parts of the South who opposed Clay’s stance on the tariff (and Clay’s American System in general), Calhoun withdrew his candidacy with Clay in favor of running independently of the President, choosing Virginian John Floyd as his running mate. With the tacit support and encouragement of New York Senator Martin Van Buren, Calhoun presented a serious front against Clay, who now had Adams running as his Vice President. On Election Day 1828, Clay managed to defeat his former Vice President by a healthy margin, with Calhoun only managing to win his home state, as well as Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee and Virginia. Despite the loss, Calhoun and Van Buren had laid the ground work for the official dismemberment of the Democratic-Republican Party. From 1828 onwards, the Calhoun/Van Buren duo of the nascent Democratic Party would rally all other like-minded factions behind them. With the loss of 1828, all eyes were on 1832. For their part, Clay and Adams ran under the banner of the the "National Republican" Party, signifying the total end to the party of Jefferson.
Cuba continued to present somewhat of an anomaly within the wider United States. Unlike the other territories in central and western North America, Cuba’s large and heterogeneous population provided a large obstacle to American authorities seeking to more closely bind the island to the mainland. Cuba was still seething from a violent slave revolt that began in late 1816 and lasted into the summer of 1824, heavily taxing the Americans, and during the latter half of the conflict, the Hispanic white Cubans who had mostly resigned themselves to be part of the United States. One particular episode in the winter of 1818 saw the near destruction of an American Army division, at the infamous Battle of Nuevitas in eastern Cuba, which saw the death of the popular Tennessean General Andrew Jackson.[1] On the political front, the Cuban insurgency caused many in Washington to rethink their Caribbean endeavor. The Monroe Administration at one point was on the verge of abandoning the island, but the timely defection of José Antonio Saco to the Americans greatly bolstered the movement for full annexation. The fact that Saco led the largest white Cuban military faction on the island aided in its eventual pacification, and due to his own political inclinations (he strongly supported American annexation) Saco would become a leading player in Cuba’s territorial development in the 1830’s.[2]
United States Presidential Election, 1828
President Henry Clay (NR-KY) / Secretary of State John Quincy Adams (NR-MA): 202 EV
Former Vice-President John Caldwell Calhoun (D-SC) / Representative John Floyd (D-VA): 70 EV
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[1] Just tying loose ends here.
[2] I'll go into more detail on this in a future update.