Excerpts from "Growing Pains: The Development of Showa Democracy" I. Miyabi, Kondasha, Tokyo, 1994.
THE continuing trial of Captain Koji Yoshioka and Lieutenant Shinichi Miyabara began to put increasing strain on the top echelons of the Japanese military.
Field Marshal Hisaichi Terauchi was vocal in his support for the accused, to the point that then-General Tomoyuki Yamashita would state in his memoirs:
"That Terauchi... a good general, but nowhere near as good as he thinks he is. How good they have it in the East, where he has time to play shogi and play politics; showing off his fancy uniforms and eating good food. Neither I, nor (General) Arthur (Percival) have slept in a real bed for months... we are too busy fighting a war to have the luxury of worrying about such things! He would do well to be more like Hata and keep up appearances quietly, but everyone knows that the son does not want to live life in the shadows of his father".
The Emperor himself weighed in on matters, although indirectly.
During a terse meeting with the Chief of Army General Staff, Field Marshal Prince Morimasa Nashimoto, his staff officer General Hideki Tojo, and Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral of the Fleet Osami Nagano, Emperor Hirohito spoke of his disappointment with the Army's handling of recent matters.
Wearing the uniform of the Grand Marshal of the Imperial Japanese Army, the Emperor reprimanded Prince Nashimoto for the IJA's slow pace in preparations for an assault on Wuhan, and was still upset at how poorly the IJA had performed at the First Battle of Xuzhou. The recent scandal in Manchuria had only soured the Emperor further, and he had no further willingness to hide his disappointment. Prince Nashimoto avoided the worst of the brunt of the Emperor's criticism; he was asked only to ensure that :
"Recent scandals are to be brought to a swift and satisfactory conclusion, with no further damage to the reputation of Japan and her Army. I trust that you will make this happen. It ends now."
General Tojo, however, felt the full force of the Emperor's anger. Admiral of the Fleet Nagano recounts:
"I had never seen His Majesty so angry before. His patience was exhausted, and he berated Tojo without mercy.
When Tojo spoke up at one point to say that Miyabara and Yoshioka should not have special treatment. His Majesty said 'Is that so? At last, the Hero of Xuzhou speaks! How interesting that he should be so knowledgeable about the matters affecting soldiers' wives, when he has made so many of them widows, and for what!'
Tojo then foolishly tried to defend himself, and said his men's lives were not wasted in the bloody, repeated assaults he ordered (Lieutenant General Ren'ya) Mutaguchi to make. These assaults were captured in grisly photographs of our dead soldiers, bodies piled on top of each other, after they were sent to their deaths, ordered to attack dug-in tanks with only light weapons.
This was too much for His Majesty, who berated Tojo further: 'Men's lives' His Majesty, now shouted, His face red with anger ' are in fact wasted even if they have hearts of lions, when they are led by men with brains of sheep!'
I was surprised by the ferocity His Majesty exhibited, but it was certainly merited given Tojo's failures. I could only look on, and then His Majesty looked at me, and said 'And what do you have to say for yourself, Admiral Nagano?' I could only respond with 'Nothing, Your Heavenly Majesty, except that I and the Navy place full and complete trust in Your considered judgement. ' The Emperor then turned to Tojo and said 'That should be a lesson to you. Know when saying nothing says the most about you and your judgement. You are dismissed, General Tojo.'
It was a calculated humiliation. The meeting was not over, and Tojo was asked to leave. The Emperor had never been favourably disposed to Tojo since Tojo had requested the use of special munitions* in the assault on Xuzhou, but this was the final straw"
*"Special munitions" was the term for poison gas. Thrice Tojo requested their use in the First Battle of Xuzhou, and he was thrice refused. Using special munitions required the unanimous permission of the Chief of General Staff, the War Minister, and the Emperor himself. The Emperor insisted that the use of special munitions would only be permitted if the enemy was invading the Home Islands, and solely for defensive operations. Army Minister Prince Kotohito Kan'in gave his refusal without a reason. Prince Nashimoto was the most vocal in his refusal. He said "(Gas is) a coward's weapon... an assault that requires the use of gas to be successful is not an assault that should be undertaken at all. To disperse gas in offensive operations when no other combatants, not even the despicable Fascists and Communists have, will dishonour Japan and besmirch the Army's reputation. Shame on you for even considering it!"
Within days, the apparent solution to the matter had been reached.
The Army prosecution service withdrew the charge of assault against a civilian. The beating was deemed to be an act of self-defence, as Kishi had thrown a drink in the officers' faces before blows were exchanged. They were convicted, however, on the charge of unlawful appropriation of civilian property, but the sentence was to be restitution paid to the club owner, and all records of the charge would be expunged if either officer were promoted. Field Marshal Count Terauchi paid off the restitution for Yoshioka and Miyabara, and both were promoted only weeks after. Captain Miyabara thereafter headed his research section, and Major Yoshioka was transferred to the prestigious Imperial Guards Artillery Regiment. Keiko Miyabara also applied for, and was granted a lieutenant's commission in the IJA Women's Auxiliary, serving in recruitment.
However, there remained the matter of the criminal trial of Nobusuke Kishi for his assault against Keiko Miyabara.