By that time, Welsh was still spoken by a majority of the population of modern-day Wales, with a small minority in the marches, so I would assume that if the borders remained stable, Welsh would become the day-to-day language of the whole area.
Proposals and War Aims That Didn't Happen Map Thread
- Thread starter Beedok
- Start date
It shows the situation at the end of the first balkan war very accurately i thinkIs there a good QBAM for the war aims in the First Balkan War? There’s this one by Xasper H. but it’s not really accurate unfortunately.
I believe Scots and Northumbrian English hadn't properly diverged at the time. I suspect Northumbrian English would be closer to Scots in TTL.
English would probably still be spoken in the areas bordering Wales - don't forget, there were Welsh-speaking communities in that area as well.
Who came up with this proposal? I've never heard of anything like that before from the time period.
Reminds me of the Greater German Empire(?) from Bring the Jubilee.
Translated from German Wikipedia:
"In the first months after the November Revolution of 1918/19, the first prime minister and foreign minister of the Free State of Bavaria, Kurt Eisner (USPD), sought a Danube federation between Bavaria, the newly founded Czechoslovakia and other states after the fall of the Wittelsbach monarchy. His goal was to assert Bavaria's independence from the German Reich, which at that time stood between a parliamentary democracy and a socialist soviet republic. There, at the latest after the suppression of the Spartacist uprising in January 1919, the development toward a parliamentary Weimar Republic became apparent.
In order to explore the possibilities of a corresponding federation, Eisner contacted the government of the Czechoslovak Republic. However, Eisner was unable to push through his plan against the initially provisional SPD-Reichsregierung or, after the elections to the first National Assembly from February 11, 1919, against the Weimar coalition of SPD, Zentrum and DDP, especially since the Bavarian provisional government of USPD and SPD also held inconsistent positions.
After Kurt Eisner was assassinated by [Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley] on February 21, 1919, developments in Bavaria culminated a few weeks later in the short-lived Munich Council Republic. In it, new plans for a revolutionary federation on the Danube were taken up again, among others with the Hungarian Soviet Republic under Béla Kun, which was communist at the time. In contrast to Eisner's premiership, they also considered a radical separation of Bavaria in the sense of state independence from the German Reich. But these plans, too, quickly came to nothing - at the latest after the Munich Soviet Republic was bloodily crushed by right-wing nationalist Freikorps and Reichswehr units on May 2, 1919."
"In the first months after the November Revolution of 1918/19, the first prime minister and foreign minister of the Free State of Bavaria, Kurt Eisner (USPD), sought a Danube federation between Bavaria, the newly founded Czechoslovakia and other states after the fall of the Wittelsbach monarchy. His goal was to assert Bavaria's independence from the German Reich, which at that time stood between a parliamentary democracy and a socialist soviet republic. There, at the latest after the suppression of the Spartacist uprising in January 1919, the development toward a parliamentary Weimar Republic became apparent.
In order to explore the possibilities of a corresponding federation, Eisner contacted the government of the Czechoslovak Republic. However, Eisner was unable to push through his plan against the initially provisional SPD-Reichsregierung or, after the elections to the first National Assembly from February 11, 1919, against the Weimar coalition of SPD, Zentrum and DDP, especially since the Bavarian provisional government of USPD and SPD also held inconsistent positions.
After Kurt Eisner was assassinated by [Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley] on February 21, 1919, developments in Bavaria culminated a few weeks later in the short-lived Munich Council Republic. In it, new plans for a revolutionary federation on the Danube were taken up again, among others with the Hungarian Soviet Republic under Béla Kun, which was communist at the time. In contrast to Eisner's premiership, they also considered a radical separation of Bavaria in the sense of state independence from the German Reich. But these plans, too, quickly came to nothing - at the latest after the Munich Soviet Republic was bloodily crushed by right-wing nationalist Freikorps and Reichswehr units on May 2, 1919."
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Probably would've remained with Germany since it's nowhere near the Danube
Bumping this old post of mine from a few months back since I still haven’t found any good sources. Can anyone help with this?
English Interest in the Annexation of California1
Ephraim D. Adams; English Interest in the Annexation of California1, The American Historical Review, Volume 14, Issue 4, 1 July 1909, Pages 744–763, https:
academic.oup.com
Attachments
This is what Canada could have looked like.English Interest in the Annexation of California1
Ephraim D. Adams; English Interest in the Annexation of California1, The American Historical Review, Volume 14, Issue 4, 1 July 1909, Pages 744–763, https:
Would California be better off as a Canadian province?
Y'know after seeing so many maps where US prevents Canada from having a Pacific coast it is amusing to see one where the opposite is the case.
(Thought with Oregon/Columbia and California Canadian there is no way Alaska is becoming American so unless it becomes Canadian I guess it remains Russian?)
Alaska was a panic sell, after the crimean war russians were sure it was undefensible and british will invade it in the next war so they wanted to unload it to somebody else for any price they can get before it was too late..
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-Green: Province of Marcomannia
-Purple: Province of Sarmatia
-Blue: Other lands that may have been included in either province
These are Roman provinces that Marcus Aurelius may have wanted to annex into the Empire. This is not an exact map as this topic is very obscure, and while we know where the various tribes were in, their exact borders and places were not well known
The Marcomannic Wars were a famous but obscure period where Marcus Aurelius fought and defeated several barbarian tribes along the Empire's borders. The main opponents were the Marcomanni, the Quadi, and the Iazyges. However, there were other tribes mentioned by the Historia Augusta (an unreliable source that I only gave credit to because the early books of the Historia Augusta are more accurate than the rest of the source) and more importantly Cassius Dio. They include the Buri, Hasdingi Vandals, the Lacringi (possibly another Vandal tribe), the Cotini, Hermunduri, and various Free Dacian Tribes.
The main claim for this is the Historia Augusta, which states in Part 2 of the Life of Marcus Aurelius, pg 193-194
"He wished to make a province of Marcomannia and likewise of Sarmatia, and he would have done so had not Avidius Cassius just then raised a rebellion in the East." and on pg. 201 "For three years thereafter he waged war with the Marcomanni, the Hermunduri, the Sarmatians, and the Quadi, and had he lived a year longer he would have made these regions provinces." While this statement is very bold, it does have some small sentiments from a more reliable quote from Cassius Dio, stating in Book 72 pg 62 "Now if Marcus had lived longer, he would have subdued that entire region; but as it was, he passed away on the seventeenth of March, not as a result of the disease from which he still suffered, but by the act of his physicians, as I have been plainly told, who wished to do Commodus a favour."
While Dio's quote is very obscure and that "subdued" could mean a variety of things, many historians and Romaboos have seen these quotations that Marcus Aurelius intended to expand the Empire into these lands and annex them.
There is also some other supporting evidence, such as the fact that Marcus Aurelius never actually finished his wars, explained by the quotes talking about him living longer and subduing the tribes. Commodus is actually the one who brought the wars to an end, and he withdrew entirely from the region, with the tribes reverting back to being client states. They also built plenty of castras and camps in the territories, indicating that they may have been there to stay. Tribal entities in the Roman Empire and Republic often remained in place, such as in Gaul, making it likely that Marcus may have also intended to annex their lands in a traditional Roman fashion. However, despite this, textual evidence does not completely support this, and there are few other primary sources who state this.
It does bring up some related questions though:
Was this a smart strategic move in the long run?
Would this have led to other conquests, maybe a second attempt in Germania or perhaps even in Poland?
Would a second teutoberg occur?
Was Commodus actually a genius, and not a psycho-coward-degenerate that Cassius Dio and every secondary source says he is?
Is the Historia Augusti the MOST ACCURATE source on Roman History?
Also, here is where you can find some free sources on ancient, medieval, and modern history on not just the Romans, but several others:
Bill Thayer's Web Site
American history • Roman history and archaeology • Greek/Latin texts • medieval churches • Italy. 15,000+ webpages, 200+ complete books, 3500 photos.
penelope.uchicago.edu
LacusCurtius • A Gateway to Ancient Rome
Major site on ancient Rome: 6000+ pages, 130 maps/plans, 1200+ images of Roman monuments; texts of Pliny, Dio, Polybius, Appian, Vitruvius, Diodorus…
penelope.uchicago.edu
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Publicly readable version here:This is what Canada could have looked like.English Interest in the Annexation of California1
Ephraim D. Adams; English Interest in the Annexation of California1, The American Historical Review, Volume 14, Issue 4, 1 July 1909, Pages 744–763, https:
Would California be better off as a Canadian province?
https://archive.org/details/jstor-1837059/page/n1/mode/1up
It's possible that British California wouldn't have become a Canadian province.
With British control of the Pacific coast, I think it's more likely that a single Dominion would be created along the Pacific coast from British Columbia to British California.
And might potentially gain Alaska at some point if Canada does not.
The Second Mexican Empire under Maximilian I.
"Napoleon's clandestine program of conquest—the so-called Grand Design for the Americas—depended on his intervening in the American war while establishing a foothold in Mexico. He intended to block both Union and Confederate expansion southward by constructing a North American balance of power based on a 'hyphenated confederation' similar to that in Germany. The confederation would consist of the North, the South, the West, and Mexico, each having equal power. The plan would thus break up the United States, leaving Mexico under French control to eventually incorporate Texas and perhaps the former colony of Louisiana. It was an ambitious and provocative plan, but neither the Confederacy nor the Union could have been surprised. In Richmond, Benjamin had long suspected the emperor of wanting Texas in order to contain southern expansion. From Belgium the year before, Ambrose D. Mann had warned of Napoleon's threat, and again in early 1863 he expressed concern that the emperor's territorial aims would cause 'general uneasiness in the minds of our citizens'; his chief goal was 'the restoration of Mexico as it was prior to the independence of Texas.'"
- Jones, Howard (2010) Blue and Gray Diplomacy: A History of Union and Confederate Foreign Relations. University of North Carolina Press, p. 294
"In the fall of 1864, Maximilian sent his aide. Count Ollivier Resseguier, on a secret mission to Guatemala to explore the possibility of drawing Central America into the Mexican Empire. The energetic French minister, Cabarrus, advised the aide it would be necessary, first of all, for Mexico to conclude a frontier convention to soften the distrust of Guatemalans over their boundary dispute with Mexico. After this gesture of good will, but not before, Maximilian’s agents could plot out with the French further enticement of Guatemala. The Frenchman believed Carrera might be able to unite and annex all Central America to the Mexican Empire."
- Hanna, Alfred Jackson and Hanna, Kathryn Abbey (1971) Napoleon III and Mexico: American Triumph over Monarchy. University of North Carolina Press, pp. 188-89
"And sometimes their schemes shaded off into pure fantasy, as when Maximilian, precariously ruling in Mexico City, toyed with a plan—it was born in Paris and it was the finest flower of the seed sown in the prison cell at Ham—to extend the Mexican Empire over Nicaragua, and Panama, and all Central America. And when these regions had been consolidated there was to be an alliance with the Emperor of Brazil and a conquest of Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Ecuador and Peru. He drew a map, and coloured in the full eventual limits of his power."
- Dawson, Daniel (1935) The Mexican Adventure. G. Bell & Sons Ltd., p. 381
"Napoleon's clandestine program of conquest—the so-called Grand Design for the Americas—depended on his intervening in the American war while establishing a foothold in Mexico. He intended to block both Union and Confederate expansion southward by constructing a North American balance of power based on a 'hyphenated confederation' similar to that in Germany. The confederation would consist of the North, the South, the West, and Mexico, each having equal power. The plan would thus break up the United States, leaving Mexico under French control to eventually incorporate Texas and perhaps the former colony of Louisiana. It was an ambitious and provocative plan, but neither the Confederacy nor the Union could have been surprised. In Richmond, Benjamin had long suspected the emperor of wanting Texas in order to contain southern expansion. From Belgium the year before, Ambrose D. Mann had warned of Napoleon's threat, and again in early 1863 he expressed concern that the emperor's territorial aims would cause 'general uneasiness in the minds of our citizens'; his chief goal was 'the restoration of Mexico as it was prior to the independence of Texas.'"
- Jones, Howard (2010) Blue and Gray Diplomacy: A History of Union and Confederate Foreign Relations. University of North Carolina Press, p. 294
"In the fall of 1864, Maximilian sent his aide. Count Ollivier Resseguier, on a secret mission to Guatemala to explore the possibility of drawing Central America into the Mexican Empire. The energetic French minister, Cabarrus, advised the aide it would be necessary, first of all, for Mexico to conclude a frontier convention to soften the distrust of Guatemalans over their boundary dispute with Mexico. After this gesture of good will, but not before, Maximilian’s agents could plot out with the French further enticement of Guatemala. The Frenchman believed Carrera might be able to unite and annex all Central America to the Mexican Empire."
- Hanna, Alfred Jackson and Hanna, Kathryn Abbey (1971) Napoleon III and Mexico: American Triumph over Monarchy. University of North Carolina Press, pp. 188-89
"And sometimes their schemes shaded off into pure fantasy, as when Maximilian, precariously ruling in Mexico City, toyed with a plan—it was born in Paris and it was the finest flower of the seed sown in the prison cell at Ham—to extend the Mexican Empire over Nicaragua, and Panama, and all Central America. And when these regions had been consolidated there was to be an alliance with the Emperor of Brazil and a conquest of Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Ecuador and Peru. He drew a map, and coloured in the full eventual limits of his power."
- Dawson, Daniel (1935) The Mexican Adventure. G. Bell & Sons Ltd., p. 381
Attachments
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