The Treaty of Zurich was signed on 23rd November 1943 by the warring powers. Overseen by President Borah, the treaty saw Italy gain Nice & Savoy, Tunisia, control of Egypt, Cyprus, Crete, Morea and Dalmatia. Mussolini was at the height of his powers. Following the sudden death of King Vittorio Emanuelle II in January 1946, Blackshirts arrested the Crown Prince and a laundry list of royalist officers as Mussolini announced the creation of the First Italian Empire. At its head sat Mussolini, Duce and Cesare del Popolo. The new Caesar described his model of government as an 'imperial republic' with the head of state serving for life and his successor being chosen by the Fascist Grand Council. An increasingly frail and eccentric Mussolini entered the 1950s to the Libyan Oil Boom. He made use of this new found wealth, subsidising colonial settlements, introducing greater syndicalism into the corporations and establishing a welfare state. Il Duce also took the opportunity to increase his imperial grandeur to Napoleonic levels. The height of his ego came in 1951, when he travelled to Addis Ababa to be crowned King of Kings in full regalia. His social reforms were combined with limited relaxation of censorship laws, seemingly done solely to once more allow the playing of his secret love - jazz. Mussolini died on 3rd March 1954, as Italy rumbled with forces that would soon become the Roman Spring, while efforts to police the vast African empire were proving an increasing burden on the treasury.
Italo Balbo was chosen to suceed him, despite Mussolini known preference for Count Ciano, his son-in-law. If anything this might have played against the Foreign Minister. After brief worries of a coup, Ciano proved too unpopular to make serious efforts at seizing the top seat. Balbo took the title of Duce but left the golden laurels and regalia of Solomon to a museum exhibit. A lifelong republican, Balbo accepted the notion of an 'imperial republic' while emphasising the latter. The melodramatic theatre of his predecessor was stripped aside, Balbo appearing mainly on television in his Air Force uniform, sitting in a presidential office and presenting himself as 'first citizen' of the Empire.