Disaster at Leuthen TL - Frederick the Great dies in battle

I'm Back
  • Hi Everyone,

    After a long two year absence I am back (pause for cheering).

    I will most likely not be returning to Disaster at Leuthen however as I am currently in the process of researching/writing/planning a new timeline which I hope to start posting next week. So if you enjoyed Leuthen please be sure to check it out!

    D@L was my first AH story and started nearly seven years ago. I'm happy with it and am now moving on. If there is appetite for one I will try and do a "wrapping up" post for Leuthen to briefly summarize the end of this story in the next few weeks when I have time and am not working on my new timeline SoA.

    Thanks to all who supported Leuthen and me.

    Direwolf22
     
    Summing Up: Part I - The British Civil War
  • (Well looks like these 'summary' posts will end up being more like mini updates it seems. Carried away while writing and so much to say. So, here's part 1. Welcome Back.)


    The British Civil War (1922-7)


    The Second British Civil War had begun in 1922 as a result of a military coup dubbed Operation Camelot in response to the electoral victory of the Collectivist-Solidarist parties. The war had dragged on for three years reaching an effective stalemate by 1925. Large areas of the country were badly damaged with near 300,000 dead and twice that homeless. London was divided, Sheffield a ruin, Birmingham a front line city and Scotland and Ireland beset by violence. From Oxford the Nationalist-Monarchist faction led by Anthony Cameron held sway; whilst in the north and industrial midlands the Workers’ Union of Britain headed by the democratically elected Prime Minister Alexander Carr attempted to bring Collectivism to the British Isles. Following the twin offensive operations of 1925 and heading into winter of that year the deadlock would gradually be broken.


    It would be outside support that would result in one of the evenly matched sides taking the initiative. In October 1925 the first wave of Imperial reinforcements (drawn primarily from Canada and Columbia with New Englander support) landed in Plymouth. These forces, combined with Loyalist forces in the region would launch a large scale offensive in the New Year which would seize Bristol and link up with the main Nationalist armies in the south and west. Over time more and more Imperial, New England and Porto-Brasilian troops and more importantly supplies would flood into Britain boosting the Nationalist forces. The Royal Air Force had gained an edge in 1925 over its Collectivist counterpart but when Imperial Air units from around the now federated Empire began arriving the balance in air power shifted irrevocably away from the W.U.B. As a consequence of Imperial aid the influence of Anthony Cameron and the Nationalists decreased. The Empire, though opposed to Collectivism, did not embrace the far-right Nationalists. Over time then the more reactionary conservative elements led by General Luke Johnston (who had been the overall Allied Commander in Spain during The Great War) and former Home Secretary Conservative MP Ian Samuels became the main players with the Nationalists sidelined (though still Cameron maintained a base of support).


    Whereas foreign and Imperial support for the Loyalists grew throughout 1926 the aid going to the W.U.B evaporated. The Collectivists had long been receiving weapons, supplies and ‘volunteer’s from the Palma Pact (France, Spain and Italy) who were their ideological allies. The outbreak of the Rhineland War (1926-28) saw all French efforts devoted to the fighting on their eastern border and as the supremacy of the Royal Navy around the British Isles grew the supply of aid to the Collectivists decreased and then disappeared. After this the result was a foregone conclusion, although not a bloodless one. The fighting would drag on until the 23rd of October 1927 when Liverpool and the last vestiges of the W.U.B were wiped out. Carr himself went down in the fighting (becoming a martyr to the Collectivist cause) whilst other leaders were arrested and most subsequently hanged. Other Collectivist/Solidarist followers fled overseas, most to France, Spain or América. The final butcher's bill for all civilian and military casualties was half a million dead with nearly two million homeless.


    After the Fall of Liverpool a new government was declared in Oxford (London facing years of reconstruction) with Samuels as British First Minister. Though due to severity of the situation the country was effectively a politically supported military dictatorship under Johnston for the time being. The country however was devastated and began rebuilding itself. The Porto-Brasilian Empire which had been a firm supporter of the Loyalist cause had occupied many of Britain’s African colonies in the wake of the Civil War as well as some of Britain's other possessions. Gibraltar, Malta and British territories in the Atlantic were returned but all of Britain’s African territories south of the Egypt remained with Portugal save those the Danish had taken over administration of in 1924. Britain had no need and no money to maintain them. The independent Commonwealth of India had been declared in 1924 breaking all ties to the Empire whilst the former Dominion of Indiana had re-branded after a brief civil war as the First People’s Collective and allied itself to América.


    Britain was, in the aftermath of the Second Charlotte Convention (1925), one of six federal Commonwealths in the new political superstate of the Imperial Federation. The other five being Ireland (also purged of Collectivist and rebel groups), Canada, Newfoundland, Columbia and Australia. Work on the new Imperial Parliament building in London (on the ruins of what was Greenwich) would begin immediately and would be completed in 1930 and would play host to the first Imperial Parliament session in London (previously held in Columbia) in March of that year. This year would also see the reinstatement of full civilian government in Britain and Empire wide elections (radical left wing parties were banned by law in all six Commonwealths). Ian Samuels would become Imperial First Minister replacing the Canadian Matthew Caldwell. The Nationalists were still the second largest party in Britain. Elsewhere the Conservatives, Liberals and various local parties had most support. Economic interdependence and a myriad of external threats would keep the Federation together as Britain slowly rebuilt. The Imperial Federation would find itself focusing on three key issues in 1930: the rebuilding of Britain, the expansion of Mysore and Japan in Asia following their victory in 1926 and the ambitions of the Collectivist State of América in North America following the Tejan War. When the world went back to war in 1931 the I.F would seek to maintain peace and the status quo - although the Federation would eventually be dragged into the fighting it would so with the rebuilding efforts far from complete.
     
    Summing Up: Part 2 - Countdown to War
  • Countdown to War (1928-1931)


    The 1930s would play host to a world once again at war. Unlike The Great War (1899-1903) which saw the major nations of the world join two competing alliance blocs and then clash for domination; the 1930s would see several separate but linked conflicts break out: the two biggest of course being in North America and Europe.


    Europe


    The outbreak in 1931 of The Nationalist War was the final fallout of the peace of 1903. The principal driver of the conflict was Prussia. After the conclusive defeat of Germany in The Great War the previous alliance of convenience between Austria and Prussia had ended as both sought to assert themselves as the preeminent power in central Europe. The rise of the militaristic form of Prussian nationalism known as Kreuzism and Berlin’s support for dissident elements within Austria-Hungary meant a showdown was inevitable. It is likely that war would have broken out between Vienna and Berlin sooner had it not been for the twin issues of the economic downturn of the 1920s and the threat of the Collectivist Palma Pact in the west (an ideology hated in both Prussia and Austria.) With the Prussian victory in the Rhineland War eliminated the Collectivist threat to the west for the foreseeable future, it also saw Berlin emerge as the dominant voice in Germany and Central Europe as well as adding further expansionist hubrism to the Prussian Nationalist regime.


    Prussia of course was not alone in this showdown. Poland, now a sprawling empire in the east, was economically and politically linked to Prussia. The two countries had pioneered the development and study of aircraft and cataphracts (*tanks) in warfare. Whilst Berlin was focused on Austria and the west, Polish eyes remain fixed on the Russian threat. A distinctly Polish form of Nationalist government had been ruling the country for the last decades and shared Prussia’s desire for territorial expansion and the cutting down to size of their rivals. Following the Aquilist coup Italy had moved into the Prussian camp, as had the increasingly autocratic Turkish State which aimed to regain territory lost to Austria’s ally Greece. The young ambitious king of Sweden had also brought his country into alliance with Berlin.


    The Austro-Hungarian Empire meanwhile had persevered as a symbol of liberal constitutional monarchism in Europe. It’s economy was by 1931 recovered from the economic downturn, its army large (if relatively backward in terms of cataphracts and doctrine), its population the largest in Europe (outside Russia) and its government stable. Only restless national groups in Bavaria, Venetia and its Serb and Bosnian puppets presented a challenge. By 1931 however the country was facing hostile powers on three sides. Following the Rhineland War and in the face of increasing Prussian aggression, Vienna and Moscow had form the Austro-Russian Alliance aimed at containing the Nationalist Axis. Added to this was Austria’s longtime allies Greece and Denmark, the Danes still a major power in their own right and wary of Prussian and Swedish rhetoric.


    With Spain transitioning to a more liberal form of Solidarist government, Britain in a state of rebuilding and France undergoing increasing internal turmoil it was clear there would be no major involvement by the Western powers at least for the next few years. Consequently sensing their moment the Prussians encouraged their Bavarian agents to rise up and declare independence. When Austria unsurprisingly rejected this and moved to crush the rebels the Axis declared war. A terrible new form of war would soon spread across Europe. At a lightening speed.


    North America


    Whereas the Nationalist War in Europe was a result of the competing aspirations and fears of a variety of nation states the Américan War in North America was far simpler. It was plain and simple the result of the territorial and political aggression of the Collectivist State of América on the North American continent and the efforts of the other states to resist it.


    Unified, industrialised and forged into a colossal power by the dictator Jose Acero the CSA was the dominant power in North America. It had shown the might of its new modern army in overrunning Tejas and was now poised to make its next move. In coordination with its allies: the Collectivist/racial-nationalist state in Georgia and the First People’s Collective, América was determined to crush the remaining reactionary states of North America before they moved against it.

    The Bonapartist Louisianan Empire had battled the Américan invasion of Tejas, ultimately unsuccessfully. Louisiana had since began to reform its military and seek political alliances. This proved to be far easier than expected. Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina had historically been neutral states and before that enemies of New Orleans. But the radical state in Georgia to their south and the might of Mexico City to their west caused them and the mighty Commonwealth of New England to join with Louisiana and form the North American Defence Organisation (NADO) to resist Collectivism expansionism.


    With The Imperial Federation focused internally and with the rest of the world distracted by the outbreak of the Nationalist War in Europe, Acero acted. Américan tanks and aircraft soon swarmed across the Louisianan border and the Tejan armistice line. The final showdown for North America had begun.
     
    Summing Up: Part III - The Second American War
  • I will do a summary of each of the major wars of the 1930s starting with North America first. These will be brief as these are after all 'wrap ups' but hopefully give a good view and understanding of the conflict. Will try and do a post wars map at the end.


    The Second American War (1931-35)


    The Second American War (the first being the 1859-1863 conflict) began in July 1931. It ended the five year armistice that had existed since the 1926 Tejan War and would proceed to dwarf any previous North American conflict, including that continent’s front in The Great War. The war was begun by an act of aggression from the Collectivist State of América. Acero, the Américan dictator, and his ruling cabal were convinced that their country was on a collision course with the ‘reactionary’ powers of the continent and was determined to strike first. In that month just shy of half a million Américan troops would surge across the Armistice Line in Tejas and assault the forces of the Empire of Louisiana. This was coincided with an attack on the Louisianan Navy base further east by a combined air/submarine assault (no formal declaration of war was issued), crippling the Empire’s navy. Though the ground assault in the west was devastating and successfully drove the Louisianan forces out of Tejas in less than three weeks; the efforts to cripple the Empire’s airforces on the ground was less successful. Having learned from studying the opening stages of the Tejan War, the Louisianan High Command had scattered their airbases and established early warning systems to prevent heavy opening stage loses.


    Timed with the Américan assault, mobile elements from the First People’s Collective (FPC) invaded northern Louisianan and in the east the Worker’s State of Georgia attacked Louisianan border forces. Hopes that the ‘reactionary’ states would not rally was misplaced when the other five nations of NADO (Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, New England and the recently joined California) all very much aware of the mutual threat, declared war on América. Under diplomatic pressure from Boston the British Imperial Federation also declared war, though this was largely symbolic at this time. Having contingency plans in place for this América then launched an invasion of California and a naval/air attack on New England controlled Hispaniola from their base on Cuba. Georgia meanwhile sent a second force into South Carolina. The fighting on the so-called Carolinan Front between the radical Georgian forces and the NADO forces would be fanatical, outdone only by the murderous Russo-Polish battles in Europe.


    It took time however for NADO forces to mobilize. By June of 1932 Américan troops were deep into Louisiana causing havoc on their way. The mass cataphract divisions supported by a leading (if not dominant) position in the air continued to drive forward. The Américans had taken a similar view as that of the Prusso-Polish and opted for lighter but faster and more reliable cataphracts allowing them to advance at speed. However unlike the Schockkampf doctrine of the Prussians, the Américan armies advanced across a broad front. California surrendered in August 1932. The northern advance however was stopped by Imperial Federation troops on the Colombian border [roughly OTL Washington State]. New Orleans was cut off by October of that year and Charleston was under siege in the west.


    In early 1933 a combined NADO/Federation naval task force defeated the Américan Navy at the titanic Battle of the Keys off the coast of Florida and then would proceed to seize Américan fleet bases throughout the Caribbean. Control of the sea also allowed reinforcements to be landed in New Orleans, the circle around which was gradually sinking. 1933 would see the FPC crushed by attacks from south and north and the brave but woefully outnumbered and more importantly out industrialised First People’s forces defeated. A New England led NADO counterattack in Carolina also began to drive back Georgian forces. The Independent State of Florida allowed NADO to use its airbases and strategic bombing of Georgian rail and infrastructure networks as well as industrial centers began to cripple their war effort. Américan troops continued to advance however.


    In October 1933 NADO launched its main counter-offensive. A two pronged assault along the frontline in Louisiana. One drive in the north led by New Englander and Imperial Federation forces would push through Américan lines and drive them back across the open plains. The increasing shift of air supremacy to the Allied forces would play a huge role in the fighting in the open North American terrain. The second assault in the south would be a drive to the sea by Louisianan forces which would cut off Georgia from the Américans and break the encirclement of New Orleans; allowing for a general counteroffensive in the south. The Américan forces, overstretched and now outnumbered, began to fall back. The industrial supremacy of the NADO/Imperial states began to toll as did their control of the seas and (following the battles around New Orleans in December ‘33 and January ‘34) the air. Surrounded, cut off, and worn down Georgia surrendered and fell in March 1934. The Allies now began a long hard drive west into América.


    It would be late 1934 after 9 months of gradual Allied advance that América began to crack. An encircling naval blockade and increasing air attacks from carriers, Caribbean bases, and from the north and south (where the Kingdom of New Granada had joined the anti-Américan coalition) began to cripple the Américan war effort. Increasingly suicidal resistance and authoritarian draconian orders from Acero did slow the Allied advance but at a huge cost. In early 1935 Allied forces achieved near simultaneous breakthroughs in California, the Rio Grande and in Panama. In the air the new generation of New England Eagle Wing fighters and the Imperial Wasp-33 fighter-bombers were dominant whilst on the ground the slower but heavier NADO cataphracts (inspired by lessons from Europe) were far more suited to this attritional style warfare than their Américan counterparts.


    In mid-1935 with the Allies closing in and a New England led landing at Veracruz the Américan state collapsed. Acero was assassinated and a military junta seized power. Divisions within the junta delayed the armistice request for three more months resulting in more territorial losses and more sadly thousands more dead on both sides. In September 1935 the new Américan government formally surrendered to the Allies. The terms of the surrender were harsh unsurprisingly and marked the end of organised Collectivism in North America. Peru, a Collectivist state in South America, had wisely remained neutral and now went through a Spain style liberal transition. Tejas (enlarged) was granted independence. California was expanded to the south and east (including Baja) with Louisianan gaining all the land in between. A new Central American Republic state was carved out of América south of the Yucatan and became a protectorate/economic satellite of New England. The F.P.C ceased to exist and was carved up between Canada and Louisiana while Georgia was made a neutral demilitarized democracy. América had been dramatically reduced [almost to OTL Mexico size] and in total near 6 million soldiers and civilians had died across all sides. This would however be the last war on the North American continent.
     
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