Mayhem in Madrid
Spain's nascent democratic transition was centered in large part on the efforts and energies of two men - King Juan Carlos I, who had emerged as the
Generalissimo's successor and surprised the world by committing fully to democracy, and his handpicked Prime Minister, the young and previously quite obscure Adolfo Suarez, who formed a centrist grab-bag grand coalition of parties called the Union of the Democratic Centre to prepare Spain for the end of the Francoist era and a new, democratic constitution that was passed in 1978. Elections under the new constitution in the spring of 1979 had returned Suarez to power, albeit with a reduced minority government
[1], and though the process continued (most notably with the creation of the Autonomous Communities for Spain's ethnic and linguistic minorities) piecemeal the Spanish public began growing restive as terrorist attacks by the Basque separatist ETA escalated, the economy sank into a deeper depression with rising inflation and unemployment (Spain was perhaps hit harder by the late 1970s economic crisis than most other Western European countries) and the Suarez government was beset by aggressive attacks not only by the left-wing alliance of Felipe Gonzalez's socialist PSOE and the fading Communists, but also far-right agitators both in the Cortes and in the pages of
El Alcazar, a ferociously and nakedly Francoist and pro-military newspaper regarded as the mouthpiece of
El Bunker, the common name for the hardened core of Falangist opposition to democracy.
The UCD's greatest issue was that it had no single natural constituency or program; it had been formed by Suarez almost purely for the purpose of giving him a party to run in order for him to rule Spain at the King's nomination. It was an awkward combination of social democrats, liberal, Christian democrats and reformist conservatives; Suarez himself was from the Francoist camp but had been unknown enough to satisfy reformers and activists and Falangists alike. Despite delivering a new Constitution, Suarez seemed utterly lost, politically isolated and deeply unpopular; it was in this context that Gonzalez rolled the dice late in May of 1980 and called a no-confidence vote against the government. A tremendous parliamentary debate ensued; Suarez aggressively defended his party program but Gonzalez used the televised arguments to his advantage, portraying himself as youthful, energetic and charismatic (he was only 38 years of age) and assuring Spain that the PSOE was a party of reform, not a party of revolution, eschewing comparisons to the United Front of the Spanish Civil War. In the end, only UCD deputies voted with the government, which lost its confidence vote by a single fateful vote. Suarez's defeat, despite the confidence vote not carrying a majority of deputies due to abstentions, resulted in the immediate resignation of the Prime Minister and his entire government, despite efforts by the King to persuade fellow UCD official Agustin Sahagun to form a caretaker government of the UCD and PSOE with equal ministries. Snap elections were called for early July, and the UCD seemed to disintegrate in real time around Suarez as it became clear he could not command even the full support of the party created by and for him. Gonzalez's performance in the parliamentary debate shot the PSOE up snap opinion polls and suggested the party would command a majority of the Cortes on its own; the scene seemed ripe for chaos in Spain as political mayhem unfolded in Madrid and Spain headed to the polls for the second time in just over a year and Falangist military officials appalled at the idea of a Socialist Cortes began to dust off their plans for action that they had already been developing in opposition to the anodyne Suarez...
[1] IOTL he very slightly increased the UCD's seats, but was still in a minority