I would check out the obscure ideologies thread, but a few examples that come to mind would be Enlightened Absolutism and perhaps Demarchy.
I see this being more likely to happen in the USSR then by a Tsar regimeI think a Russia where Tsar Nicholas 2 dies early and gets replaced by Michael would be a good start. Michael strives to maintain the power of the Tsar while also appeasing the peasants, workers and socialist intellectuals. He thus turns Russia into a meritocracy modeled on China, where people are allowed to advance to the highest levels of society in either civil service or the military. This reduces the clout of the nobility and enables the Tsar to be surrounded by people loyal to him and are competent, as they would advance solely on those characteristics alone.
Ofc, the nobility and radical intellectuals would be discontented. The former would try to depose Michael 5-10 years in, which would be crushed by competent generals from the common class. After pacifying the nobility and keeping them restrained, the intellectuals would still be a threat and he would face some assassination attempts. In response, Michael could allow freedom of speech and dissent, enabling the intellectuals to speak freely as long as they didn't plot to overthrow or kill him.
He can then take advantage of their ideas to make Russia better and more prosperous and claim all the credit for it, solidifying his absolute power. Thus we get a benevolent dictatorship in the style of Peter the Great and Catherine. This seems a bit tricky given the staunch conservatism of the Romanovs, but if Michael can be influenced by the thought of the UK Tories like Gladstone, he could establish a meritocracy allowing the masses to theoretically rise in status and income.
Japan has always been pretty urbanized and educated population those even before industrialization
Could there be a non-democratic country that respects individual and economic rights to the same level as Western Europe or the United States? People are allowed to speak their minds, have private businesses, invest, move around, no censorship, religious freedom, women’s rights, even gay rights, and etc. They just can’t vote or hold the highest offices. They can be appointed or earn position through merit. That is acceptable but they can’t get in through elections. Living standards must be considered the same as the first world which is the easier part considering the gulf oil rich countries. Could a nation like this develop?