Florestan II, Prince of Monaco
Florestan II (born Wilhelm Karl von Württemberg, 30 May 1864-24 March 1928) was the Prince of Monaco from 11 July 1924 to 24 March 1928. He was also Duke of Urach from 17 July 1869 to his death, and King-elect of Lithuania under the regnal name of Mindaugas II from June 4, 1921 to January 10, 1923.
Born to the First Duke of Urach and Princess Florestine of Monaco, Florestan II was a professionnal general in the German Army, although, as a German catholic nobleman related to the House of Württemberg, he was also considered for the throne of Albania in 1913 or the Grand Dukedom of Alsace Lorraine, even if his strongest claim was to Monaco, as a grandson of Prince Florestan I and as heir apparent Louis Grimaldi had no legitimate issue. Nevertheless, the French refused steadily to have a German prince reigning on the Mediterrannean.
In 1921, the newly established Council of Lithuania, wishing to secure German protection while maintining their distances from the House of Hohenzollern, elected the Duke of Urach as King Mindaugas II of the restablished Kingdom of Lithuania. If the future Florestan accepted the claim is unclear ; even if he corresponded with then Lithuanian Chancellor Antanas Smetona and began to learn the Lithuanian language, he didnt formally accepted the offer, as the country was embroiled into the Polish War and as he expected the Prussians to refuse him ; he was right, as Germans decided to reorganize Lithuania in 1923 and established Prince Franz of Bavaria as King Vytautas II instead.
Florestan II finally came to his own throne in 1924 ; in the aftermath of the Syndicalist Revolution, Prince Louis II had never been inaugurated in Monaco, having fled to Algeria, while Chancellor von Tirpitz viewed the Principality as a perfect site to host a submarine base for the Mediterranean that would keep the Italians in check. Upon being proposed the Principality of Monaco as the perfect heir, Florestan immediately accepted. His four-year-reign saw the establishment of the Monaco German Naval base, that exists to this day. Upon his passing, Florestan transmitted the Principality of Monaco to his eldest son Wilhelm (who became Florestan III) while his second son Karl Gero became Duke of Urach. To this day, both branches of the House of Urach still reign over their respective demesnes.