In order for steam machinery to be more widespread around the world in the 19th century, I think you should lay some foundation for its development. I can think of a stream-punk in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries based mainly on the energy of air and water (mills) but also on the inventions of Jeronimo de Ayanz and Beaumont: he created a steam engine to expel water from the mines and cool the air in the galleries. This machine was operated at the Guadalcanal silver mine near Seville. He also invented a kind of submarine, a diving suit with a system to allow breathing (used to collect pearls in the Caribbean) and devised an economic adjustment plan to liberalize the mines of the Empire, lower production costs, create special mining schools,... but it was not understood by King Philip III, who preferred to hunt and party, so his ideas were forgotten by an opportunist and short-term minded court.
View attachment 720345
a diving suit
View attachment 720348
a "proto-submarine"
View attachment 720346
a steam engine
With the aim of achieving an early technological development that is coherent I propose a POD in 1582: Diego Félix of Austria does not die of diphtheria and becomes the Hispanic Monarch in 1598 instead of his brother Felipe. The differences will be few, because he was only three years older than Philip, so he would marry the princess who married his brother, Margaret of Austria. King Felix I marveled at Jerónimo de Ayanz and kept him as State Councillor, creating a network of small arms factories on the north coast of Spain, where there are strong streams, iron mines and coal mines:
Spark-key rifles that equip Tercios are standardized and cheaper.
View attachment 720350
Several shovel ships are also manufactured based on Blasco de Garay’s improved designs.
View attachment 720356
In 1650 King Felix died at the age of 75. Spain has not fallen due to the 30-year war (which never existed) but managed to negotiate an independence of the territories of the Netherlands, maintaining trade privileges. Portugal remains politically united with the rest of the Peninsula, and the Crown focuses on the control of the Mediterranean against the Ottomans and on the development of the American, African and Asian provinces.
The Netherlands embarked on colonial adventures without interfering with the spanish by discovering the Brouwer route and founding ports in Namibia and Madagascar. France gave a great boost to its industry after seeing the benefits that mechanization produced for Spain, protecting William Lee and his knitting machine.
View attachment 720358
It will also mechanize the manufacture of weapons for royal musketeers under Louis XIV. Sweden and Austria boost air guns.
View attachment 720362
Hot-air balloons and land ships spread in England:
Odd Inventions. Sailing on Land. The Land Ship, invented by Dr Wilkins, Bishop of Chester, in 1648. Original artwork from Look and Learn Book 1982.
www.lookandlearn.com
View attachment 720369
What do you think?