…the West had long been a hotbed of socialist activity. When the Revolution began, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and Washington all had SLP governors, and their National Guards were largely under Red control (although portions of the Montana National Guard escaped eastwards). Arizona, Oregon, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming were at least nominally under White control…
…Apart from blood-soaked California, the largest states in the West were Washington and Colorado. Since his election in 1914, Colorado Governor Charles Moyer had spent a considerable amount of money (largely funded by raising taxes on the Colorado business community) expanding the Colorado National Guard. While originally a moderate, he had come around to the radical view which held that revolution would only be achieved through violence. After seizing the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company facilities in Pueblo, Moyer ordered them retooled into arms factories. Rather than directly engage with General Liggett in Kansas, he established defensive positions in the east of the state and ordered Brigadier John Lawson[1] to move into Wyoming. On May 19, he routed Adjutant General Rasmus Anderson at the Battle of Cheyenne. Montana Red Guards moved south to help secure the state. Moyer would remain behind, using his organizational talents to manage Colorado’s arms industry, turning it into what would become the “Arsenal of the West”…
…After securing the Washington National Guard (now the Washington Red Guard), Governor Bill Haywood took personal command and led them south to invade Oregon, leaving Lieutenant Governor Harry Ault to oversee the state. Aware that he was outnumbered, and dealing with a Red insurgency of his own, Governor James Withycombe ordered the Oregon National Guard to destroy all the bridges across the Columbia. The order was carried out, but Sollies in Western Oregon seized the town of Astoria and set up a ferry system, allowing the Red Guards to cross. By May 21, Haywood and his troops were entrenched outside Beaverton…
…Utah was the primary center of White strength in the West. The state government was firmly under White control. However, many of the mining towns were Red. On May 3, after receiving his orders to form the Army of the Rockies, Brigadier Richard Young appealed to the elders of the Church of Latter Day Saints for assistance. The Nauvoo Legion was resurrected and thousands of Mormons enlisted. Unable to stop Young’s advance, Colonel Joe Hill[2] organized a campaign of fighting retreats and sabotage. His goal was to prevent Young from linking up with any outside forces, particularly those in Arizona and New Mexico. Soon, he received excellent news: Pancho Villa’s army had crossed into New Mexico…
- From Red Star Rising: A History of the Second American Revolution by Tom Clancy
[1] Lawson was a leading figure in the Colorado Coalfield Strike (known as the Coalfield Wars IOTL).
[2] Joe Hill is known IOTL as perhaps the most famous IWW songwriter. IOTL, he was executed for a murder he probably did not commit in 1915. This has been butterflied ITTL thanks to stronger SLP power in local government.