Star Squadron
Star Squadron was a science fiction comic series created by Joe Shuster, and released in 1939. It ran until 1948, and had revivals in 1964 and 1990. It revolves around a distant future, where humanity had expanded beyond the solar system. The series revolves around members of an elite squad of scientists, explorers, and adventurers called "Star Squadron". The series was forgotten until Alan Moore revived the series in 1990, (after a failed revival in 1964 by Jack Kirby), but largely praised for its scientific accuracy, its epic storytelling, and its optimism. It was published by Red and Black Publications, and its successor, Marvel Comics Group.
First Run: Shuster (1939-1948)
Joe Shuster, after creating the tremendously popular character Superman and drawing him for several years, left Syndicated Features, and began freelancing for other groups. He first hit upon the idea of Star Squadron after reading through an issue of Spec. Worlds, and coming across an article describing current rocketry research, conducted by those like Robert Goddard. He also came across a retrospective of Konstatin Tsiolkovsky's work around this time, and conceived of the idea of making a series based of the vision displayed. He took this idea to Red & Black Publications, and he was commissioned to write a story to test the waters. All-Star Comics debuted the first story of the series, "Star Squadron" in 1939. The story revolved around a research mission to a desert planet gone awry, with the crew forced to endure harsh condition. The description of the rocket launch, (a multi-stage rocket) and functions of it, are lifted straight from Tsiolkovsky's work. The society portrayed, (an intergalactic country called the Star Federation) was also dogmatically socialist, with only realistic science (or as realistic as Shuster could make it) The series became popular enough to warrant its own book. Here, Shuster was able to use the series to explore the future of space travel, and shows a variety of planets, creatures, and civilizations. It was an anthology series, each story exploring one Star Squadron (a futuristic scientific/military force a la Star Trek). His stories ranged from observing a race of beings evolve into a space fairing society to initiating a revolution in a distant world. Concepts explored included human survival in space, robotic probes, and the nature of alien beings. Shuster, who had no scientific training, was helped by a number of correspondents, who would advise him on space science and rocketry. . After writing it for 9 years, Shuster left the series, and as part of R&B's "New Direction" books, the title was changed to Weird Science Fantasy, and its focus was changed to generic science fiction anthology stories. Still, as one of the first hard science fiction comics, it helped bring many new concepts(previously restricted to Spec. Worlds, and other such publications), such as realistic space flight, missions to other planets, and even hydrogen fusion, to a wider audience.
Second Run: Kirby (1964)
Over 16 years later, after R&B merged with Timely Publications to form Marvel in 1957, editor Julius Schwartz (a former science fiction editor), after reviving several characters from the old R&B and Timely collection, decided to bring back Star Squadron for the space age. However, Shuster had largely retired, due to his declining eyesight. To replace him, he chose prominent artist (and loyal communist) Jack Kirby to write a new series. This series would last 6 issues, which would be expanded if successful. Kirby's run was more whimsical in tone. The realistic science aspect was downplayed, and more mystical elements were added, like a mystical "Space Force," which binds all lifeforms in the universe. Kirby's signature art style exploded in each issue, turning the Star Federation into a bizarre, scientific(-ish) paradise. The short lived revival revolved around an intrepid team in the Star Squadron, who explore the universe, even in the face of opposition of the fascist Union of Planets (a Green Lantern reference), who try to exploit the planets they hope to preserve. The military aspect of Star Squadron was also emphasized in accordance with this. In the story, the team come across ruins on a certain Union Planet, which has ruins, that resembled human civilizations, but were actually millions of years older. There was an implication that humanity was much older than initially thought. This plot point would have been explored further had the series been picked up. Ultimately, the series failed to pick up, and the revival ended within the year.
[I'd say this version resembles Kirby's 2001 comics mixed with a proto-Fourth World]
Third Run: Moore/Starlin (1990-1996)
In 1986, English writer Alan Moore announced that he had teamed up with Marvel to produce a new Star Squadron., drawn by Jim Starlin. The 1990 version is said to be a restoration of the Shuster version. Moore largely restored the original scientific accuracy of the series, and even added new elements based off of new advances in space technology. He also returned to the more anthology elements of the series, focusing on a different team. However, he also occasionally referenced Kirby's series (which Moore admitted was his first exposure to the series, and what caused him to seek out the reprints of original in Great Britain) , including the "Space Force,", and the occasional appearance of Kirby's team. However, going with Moore's darker works, like Suprememan (a reboot of a British Superman rip-off) and Watchmen, the series became an exploration of the genre. Here, the aliens were grotesque and incomprehensible (in an homage to HP Lovecraft), and technology has allowed humanity to advance their evolution, becoming new species in some cases. There was even an issue, which revealed that a planet they had explored was in fact inhabited by hyper evolved humans, who had transcended their forms. The series became critically acclaimed, and is listed among the best comics runs of all time. There have since been several more series by Marvel.[/QUOTE]