Babylonia in general and the Neo-Babylonian empire. Generally, 'Babylonian' rebellions against the Assyrian empire were Aramaen revolts sponsored by the Elamite kings to the east. In the rebellion of Merodach-Baladan, the Aramaens took control of Babylon and revolt against Assyria, embroiled in a succession crisis after the demise of Shalmanesar. This Merodach-Baladan, was made a vassal upon ascension of Elam and relied upon Elamite forces to protect him against Sargon II, who came victorious from the recent succession crisis. The Elamites were able to save the Chaldaen-Aramaen king of Babylon at the Battle of Der and for the next decade, actively deterred Assyria from Babylon until Sargon II became powerful enough after uniting the empire, to reconquer Babylon and reduce Elam. Later, Elam did the same action 30 years later in 694 BCE, when they installed Nergal-Ushezib as king of Babylon and vassal of Elam. In the reign of Ashurbanipal, the Elamites attempted outright conquest of Babylon and allied to the Gambulu Chaldaens under Urtaku, despite having a detente with Assyria. Ultimately, Elam and Media would support a final rebellion, this time under Nabopolassar, which would end in a victory due only to the coalition facing Assyria.
At the time, Sinsharishkun, the heir of Ashurbanipal, who was slain by the Scythians, was pressed by an alliance of Media, Scythian warbands, Elam, the Babylonian revolt, Urartu and rebellions in some of its Western Semitic rural populaces, such as the Gambulu. It is no wonder, that after this period, the Neo-Babylonian empire would display itself a relatively short empire and more or less, the remnant of an Elamite scheme and vassal intended to harm Assyria.