List of Popes and Kings

[QuoProQuid]

An intersting development is that this world really has no history of constitutional monarchy - the various events that lead to Parliament never happened, so most kingdoms will be Absolutist in nature by this point.

Also, Laszlo and Ladislaus are the same name.

We also seem to have completely skipped the Protestant Reformation, which means that Europe is slightly more united (at least theologically) than our own. This may be because the Popes have generally been doing their jobs and been kept in line by the archcardinates. (I was considering of furthering this by adding the role of Inquisitor to the Church hierarchy. They would essentially monitor the clergy to prevent abuses of power.)

With the exception of perhaps Martin II, we've had fairly good Popes.


EDIT: Perhaps we could have some Revolutions in the New World around the 1850s. Hispania seems to be the only one colonizing however.

 

[Space Oddity]

I suspect that France, Albion and some of the German states have some colonies in the Americas. Especially France. Possibly the Eastern Powers as well. But that said, I don't know if this world's seen quite the rush to the New World that ours did.

Also, again, Eastern Europe seems to have at least the rudiments of constitutional monarchy. And serfdom probably was never introduced to Russia. So on the whole--much rosier prospects in that area.

 

[Yorel]

Also, Laszlo and Ladislaus are the same name.

Well, we will have to modify the name charts then... I propose we use Laszlo in Hungary (it's a hungarian name after all) and Ladislaus in Poland.

Some ideas on the various capitals for each country:

Albion - London (Obvious)
France - Paris (Again, Obvious)
Hispania - Most likely Toledo (The old Roman capital, and there is no Charles V, so Madrid will remain a sleepy village in the middle of nowhere)
Italy - Florence (The Medici powerbase)
Hungary - Budapest
Russia - Suzdal
Scandinavia - Uppsala
Poland - Crackow (The old seat of government)
Turkey - Damascus (Before overthrowing the Pselli, it was confirmed the Turks were based in Syria. After the Magyars took Thrace, they probably would have returned to their old seat)

A few others :
Bavaria - Munich
Baden/Switzerland - Either Baden or Geneva.
Brandenburg - Berlin

An intersting development is that this world really has no history of constitutional monarchy - the various events that lead to Parliament never happened, so most kingdoms will be Absolutist in nature by this point.

Well, we have had pretty good kings in every country. If you look closely, they were very few bad kings such as Antoine VI of France or Robert III & IV of Scotland and England.
Maybe reformists kings will show up in the future. But it's true that this world is missing some revolutions...

We also seem to have completely skipped the Protestant Reformation, which means that Europe is slightly more united (at least theologically) than our own. This may be because the Popes have generally been doing their jobs and been kept in line by the archcardinates. (I was considering of furthering this by adding the role of Inquisitor to the Church hierarchy. They would essentially monitor the clergy to prevent abuses of power.)

With the exception of perhaps Martin II, we've had fairly good Popes.

It's true : the Church hasn't faced anything bigger than a Schism from 1424 to 1490 (resolved by the king of France by the way). Maybe this schism as severly weakened the Church influence in the various countries.

I suspect that France, Albion and some of the German states have some colonies in the Americas. Especially France. Possibly the Eastern Powers as well. But that said, I don't know if this world's seen quite the rush to the New World that ours did.

What I think is the colonial position of every country :

France, Albion and Hispania shoud be the major colonisers of this world.
The Great Eastern Empires (Poland, Hungary, Russia and the Turks) won't have any colonies or only a few. They're more interesting in having a contiguous Empire.
The German States : Only Luxembourg and Brandenburg can be expected to have colonies as they are the only ones not landlocked.
Scandinavia and Italy could be secondary colonising countries.
On a side note, the Papal States do have a colony which is de facto under Hispanian control and inhabits one of the Archcardinalates if I'm not wrong.

Something has striken me by the way... There are far more kings than OTL on the same period of time. We've had very few long reign in this world, allowing more kings (and dynasties) to rule the countries.

 

[Space Oddity]

Another thing is that the areas that the Protestant Reformation started in were in the control of more Catholic monarchs, with France establishing control of Burgundy early on--or perhaps the other way around--and the HRE's focus shifting northwards. Meanwhile, the Papal Schism weakened the Papacy, and likely wound up giving local churches more independence.

And I do suspect that there are plenty of bad kings and popes ITL--but few horribly bad ones.

 

[ByzantineCaesar]

A few others :
Bavaria - Munich
Baden/Switzerland - Either Baden or Geneva.
Brandenburg - Berlin

I think the capital of Bavaria would be Augsburg, not Munich. And also the capital of Brandenbrug should be either Magdeburg (if it's within their territory) or Potsdam.

 

[Astronomo2010]

forgot the kingdom of Portugal

 

[Space Oddity]

That merged with the Kingdom of Leon a long time ago.

 

[Trovador]

@Portugal: yep, it has been Leonese for a long time (and now Hispaniard).

@Capitals: I agree with most of them, though I suggest the city build by Gaspar VI with the Terrarican gold as Hispaniard(Hispanian? Hispanic?) capital - I said it was in Murcia, but it was quite random, actually. Maybe the capital could be Aurea, somewhere near, uhn, Badajoz (it was conquered by the Leonese OTL)? Or even somewhere in Portugal - in Setubal, for example, as the city is a natural port and was unpopulated during the arab reign... it sounds a good place to build a new city, and its "neutrality", outside of core Castille, Leon or Aragon could be a reasonable compromise.

@ Protestant reformation: I think the Archcardialates descentralized the power of the church and gave a tougher control to the nobility. It may also have kept the church gold nearer the provinces and less concentred in Rome, so it's possible to understand how Europe kept unified in religion.

@ Colonization: I agree with the general idea: Hispania was the main colonizer, with France and Albion as close second and third, in a similar way to OTL. Italy and Luxemburg-Rhineland, even if appearing quite late, could have some colonial possessions (Gibraltar is not a problem to Italy, as a free passage by the Straits may have been a second demand of Italy in order to give the title of Empire to Hispania.

@ General shape of the world: Russia seems much, much stronger, and Germany is in an interesting position right now - even if I would love to see a Lord Protector of Albion, or a Director of Hispania, a german napoleon (of Dutch origin!), unifying Germany and then falling apart, would be epic.

 

[ByzantineCaesar]

I think it will be difficult for Russia to rule over Thrace and Asia Minor, which I think are in majority muslim. Maybe the Greeks try to declare the independence from the Hungarians and the Tsar helps them, installing his younger son in the throne of the new Kingdom of Greece. Later, the King of Greece inherits the European/Asian part of Russia when the Tsar dies. Maybe he could claim the title of Eastern Roman Empire and the Patriarch declares the new Russian Tsar as Roman Emperor of the West, confirming the title of Caesar and perhaps giving them the right to claim the title of Basileus too.

 

[Space Oddity]

I think it will be difficult for Russia to rule over Thrace and Asia Minor, which I think are in majority muslim.

Not in this universe. That only happened in OUR universe because the Ottomans were there for such a long time. And it took them a hell of a long time to do it, too.

That stated--yes, that area is probably a bit of a hassle, just as Greece is a problem for Hungary. But less than you would think, I imagine. And if the Patriarch did something like that, the Tzar would politely cough, and then refuse. No reason to turn the whole of Europe against you, which any sensible monarch--or politician, for that matter, as again, Russia's got a Senate--would see as the result. They're the largest of the Three Great Empires. They have plenty on their plates already.

And with that out of the way, I'll get the next round started.

 

[Space Oddity]

Monarchs of France

987-996:Hugh Capet (Capetian Dynasty)
996-1025: Robert II (Capetian Dynasty)
1025-1056 : Hugh II Magnus (Capetian Dynasty, eldest son of Robert II)
1056-1074: Hugh III (Capetian Dynasty)
1074-1101: Robert III (Capetian Dynasty)
1101-1102: Hugh IV (end of Capetian Dynasty)
1102-1129: Eudes II le Pieux (Capet-Burgundy)
1129-1147: Guy I (Capet-Burgundy)
1147-1178: Louis VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1178-1201: Henri I (Capet-Burgundy)
1201-1205: Henri II (Capet-Burgundy)
1205-1214 : Guy II (Capet-Burgundy)
1214-1246 : Louis VII "the Great" (Capet-Burgundy, under regency from 1214 to 1220)
1246-1269: Louis VIII "the Small" (Capet-Burgundy)
1269-1298: (Saint) Henri III "The Saint" (Capet-Burgundy)
1298-1312: Antoine I (Capet-Flanders) [11]
1312-1316: Louis IX (Capet-Flanders) [13]
1316-1350: Antoine II the Wise (Capet-Flanders)
1350-1357: Antoine III (Capet-Flanders)
1357-1390: Louis X (Capet-Flanders)
1390-1423: Antoine IV (Capet-Flanders)[26]
1423-1462 : Charles IV "the Good" (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1462-1465: Henri IV "The King of Fools" (Capet-Flanders) [34]
Interregnum: 1465-1473 [36]
1473 - 1488: Louis XI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)[39]
1488 - 1520: (Saint) Antoine V, "The Holy" [43]
1520 - 1525: Charles V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1525 - 1563 : Philip I "the Spider" (House of New Capet-Burgundy) [50]
1563-1602: Henri V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1602-1616: Philip II (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1616-1629: Henri VI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1629-1654: Louis XII (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1654-1668: Henri V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1668-1670: Philip III "The Mad" (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1670-1702: Charles VI (House of Champagne) [74]
1702- 1719: Henri VI (House of Champagne)
1719-1738: Antoine VI "the Bloody" (House of Champagne) [76]
1738-1774: Philip IV "The Redeemer" (House of Champagne) [77]
1774-1798: Henri V "the Victorious" (House of Champagne) [82]


Monarchs of Castille

1037-1065: Ferdinand I "The Great" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1065-1090: Garcia II "The Unlikely" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1090-1120 : Ferdinand II (Jimenez Dynasty, son of Garcia II)
1120-1132: Jimena I (Jimenez Dynasty, first female ruler of Castille, Leon, and Galicia)
1132-1137: Javier I (Jimenez Dynasty, sudden death kills off the Dynasty)
1137-1274: Under Leon
1274-1299: Guillermo I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1299-1331: Guillermo II (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1331-1342: Guillermo III (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1342-1360: Roberto I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1360-1389: Vicente I (Capet-Flanders)
1389-1423: Antonio I (Capet-Flanders) [26]
1423-1457: Roberto II (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1457-1460: Antonio II (Capet-Flanders)
1460-1483: Vicente II (Capet Flanders) [36]
1483-1490: Guillermo IV (Capet Flanders)
1490-1516: Antonio III (Capet Flanders)
1516-1557 : Maria I "the Gentle" (Capet-Flanders) [51]
1557-1572: Ferdinand III (Capet-Flanders)[53]
1572-1603: Antonio IV (Capet-Flanders)
1603-1624: Juan I (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1654-1660: Isabella I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]

Kings of Leon
1137-1140: Sancho III (Astur Dynasty, Castille is now part of Leon)
1140-1157: Sancho IV (Astur Dynasty)
1157-1182: Jorge I (Astur Dynasty)
1182-1193: Sancho V (Astur Dynasty)
1193-1214: Ramiro IV (Astur Dynasty, dies without heir. Dynasty is overthrown)
1214-1236: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1236-1241: Pedro I (Romaniv Dynasty)
1241-1248: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1248-1260: Ferdinand II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1260-1265: Alphonso VI "the Child" (Romaniv Dynasty) [7]
Interregnum 1265-1278
1260-1265: Gaspar I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1265-1292: Gaspar II (Corte-Real)
1292-1307: Paulino III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1307-1324: Alphonso VII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1324-1357: Ferdinand III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1357-1370: Gaspar III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1370-1392: Ferdinand IV (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1392-1437 : Alphonso VIII "the Warrior" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1437-1487: Gaspar V "The Scholar" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1487-1515: Gaspar VI "The Golden" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[40]
1515-1540: Isabella I "The High Queen" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [45]
1540-1563: Alphonso IX "The Handsome" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [51]
1563-1588: Gaspar VII "The Good" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[53]
1588-1615: Gaspar VIII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1615-1649: Alphonso X "The Great" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]

Emperors of Hispania
1673-1691: Ferdinand V (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1691-1704: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1704-1750: Carlos III (Corte-Real Dynasty) [75]
1750-1782: Diego I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]
1782-1819: Diego II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]

Holy Roman Emperors

912-973:Otto I (Ottonian Dynasty)
973-992: Liudolf I "The Saxon" (Ottonian Dynasty, later known as Saxon Dynasty after Liudolf's powerbase and Anglo-Saxon ancestry)
992-1024 : Otto II (Saxon Dynasty, son of Liudolf I)
1024-1048: Liudolf II (Saxon Dynasty)
1048-1062: Otto III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062: Liudolf III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062-1079: Heinrich II der Lowenhertz (Liutpolding Dynasty, aka Bavarian Dynasty)
1079-1104: Otto IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1104-1126: Charles IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1126-1131: Heinrich III (end of Bavarian Dynasty)
1131-1152: Stephen III "The Hungarian" (Arpad Dynasty) [3]
1153-1181: Bruno I (II) (Arpad Dynasty) [5]
1181-1192 : Andrew II "the Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty)
1192-1213 : Frederick I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)[8]
1213-1223 : Conrad I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1224-1264: Bela I (III) (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Heinrich IV (Arpad Dynasty) [12]
1281-1315: Stephan IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14]
1315-1332 : Bela II (Mojmir Dynasty)
1332-1359: Otto VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [23]
1359-1390: Heinrich V (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1390-1392: Otto VIII (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1392-1410 : Conrad II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [31]
1410-1438: Otto IX (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1438-1471: Heinrich VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [36]
1471-1471: Heinrich VII (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [44]
1471-1478: Otto X (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1478-1493 : Conrad III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1493-1522: Conrad IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1522-1554 : Charles V (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1554-1574: Otto XI (Von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1574-1607: Heinrich VIII (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1607-1636: Charles V (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [59]
1636-1648: Ludwig IV "the Unexpected" (House of Baden) [66]
The Great Dispute [69]

Kings of Bavaria (Wittelsbach Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1666: Charles VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1666-1689: Ludwig V (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1689-1727: Ludwig VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [76]
1727-1759: Maximilian I (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1759-1788: Maximilian II (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [82]


Kings of Swabia (Hohenstaufen Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1672: Frederick II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1672-1694: Frederick III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1694-1701: Conrad V (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1701-1738: Frederick IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [76]
1738-1767: Heinrich IX (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1767-1783: Frederick V "the Last" (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [82]
Absorbed by Baden and Bavaria

Grand Dukes of Baden and Switzerland (Baden Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1657: Franz I (House of Baden)
1657-1690: Ulrich I (House of Baden)
1690-1738: Franz II (House of Baden) [76]
1738-1762: Karl Franz I (House of Baden)
1762-1784: Ulrich II (House of Baden) [82]


Kings of Luxembourg, Hesse, Hanover, and the Rhine (Von Luxembourg Claimants to the HRE)
1636-1669: Otto XII (von Luxembourg)
1669-1688: Heinrich VII (von Luxembourg)
1688-1727: Heinrich VIII (von Luxembourg) [76]
1727-1749: Charles VI (Von Luxembourg)
1749-1798: Otto XIII "the Old" "the Fortunate" (Von Luxembourg) [82]


Kings of Scandinavia (Romanov Claimants to the HRE)
1642-1667: Gustav IV (Romanov)
1667-1684: Nicholas III (Romanov)
1684-1716: Gustav V (Romanov)
1716-1745: Nicholas IV (Romanov) [76]
1745-1778: Michael I (Romanov)
1778-1806: Michael II (Romanov) [82]

Kings of Saxony
1648-1681: Augustus III (House of Wettin) [78]
1681-1703: John II (House of Wettin)
1703-1739: Albert IV (House of Wettin)
1739-1762: Ernest II (House of Wettin)
1762-1783: Ernest III "the Hapless" (House of Wettin) [82]
Absorbed by Luxembourg and Scandinavia

Kings of Thuringia
1648-1662: Hermann IV (House of Wettin) [78]
1662-1691: Balthasar I (House of Wettin)
1691-1728: Balthasar II (House of Wettin)
1728-1753: Johann Friedriech II (House of Wettin)
1753-1783: Balthasar III "the Mournful" (House of Wettin)
Absorbed by Luxembourg

Kings of Brandenburg
1648-1654: Joachim III (House of Hohenzollern)
1654-1688: Frederick V (House of Hohenzollern)
1688-1714: Sigismund II (House of Hohenzollern)
1714-1761: William I (House of Hohenzollern)
1761-1783: William II "the Conquered" (House of Hohenzollern)
Absorbed by Poland


Kings of Italy
1650-1671: Pietro I (House of Medici)[72]
1671-1692: Lorenzo I (House of Medici)
1692-1728: Lorenzo II (House of Medici) [76]
1728-1764: Juliano I (House of Medici)
1764-1798: Pietro II "the Good" "the Just" (House of Medici) [83]

Monarchs of England and Albion:

1066-1085: William I "The Conquerer" (Norman Dynasty)
1085-1134: Robert I "Curthose" (Norman Dynasty)
1134-1150: William II (Norman Dynasty, son of Robert I)
1150-1162: Hugh I (Norman Dynasty)
1162-1193: Alexander I (Norman Dynasty, named after the Greek Emperor)
1193-1195: Alexander II (Norman Dynasty)
1195-1220: Robert II (Penthievre Dynasty, also Duke Roper I of Britanny)
1220-1243: Godfrey I (Penthievre Dynasty)
1243-1268 : Arthur I (Penthievre Dynasty, sometimes called "Arthur II" because of the Arthurian legends) [1]
1268-1304: Thomas I (FitzOsbern Dynasty) [2]
1304-1314: Robert III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1314-1321: Thomas II (FitzOsbern Dynasy)
1321-1344 : Alexander III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1344-1357 : Godfrey II (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1357-1362: Alexander IV (House of Warwick)
1362-1380: Alexander V (House of Warwick)
1380: Godfrey III (House of Warwick)
1380-1387: Robert IV "the Scot" (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1401: Alfred II (House of Wessex) [37]
1401-1446: Edward IV (House of Wessex)
1446-1468: Alfred III (House of Wessex)
1468-1481: Robert V (House of Wessex)
1481-1515: Alfred IV (House of Wessex)
1515-1549 : Arthur II "the Chivalrous" (House of Wessex) [52]
1549-1592: Harold I "the Welsh" (House of Monmouth)
1592-1624: Alfred V (House of Monmouth) [57]
1624-1642: William III (House of Monmouth) [60]
1642-1668: Harold II (House of Monmouth)
1668-1679: William IV (House of Monmouth)
1679-1688: Robert VI (House of Monmouth)
1688-1713: Edmund III (House of Monmouth)
1713-1740: Alexander VI (House of Monmouth) [76]
1740-1774: Elisabeth I "the Beautiful" (House of Monmouth) [79]
1774-1785: William V "the Proud" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg [82]

Eastern Roman Empire
1081-1118: Alexius I (Comnenus Dynasty)
1118-1127: Alexius II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1127-1146: Isaac II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1146-1158: Isaac III (Comnenus Dynasty)
1158-1162: Issac IV "The wicked" (Comnenus Dynasty overthrown in Rebellion) [4]
1162-1173: Alexius III (Angelus Dynasty)
1173-1188 : John II (Angelus Dynasty)
1188-1199 : Constantine XI (Angelus Dynasty)
1199-1236 : Constantine XII "the Beloved" (Angelus Dynasty)
1236-1238: Alexius IV "the Leper" (Angelus Dynasty)
1238-1271: Michael V (Angelus Dynasty)
1271-1275: John III (Angelus Dynasty)
1275-1287: Möngke Temür(Golden Horde) [15]
1287-1302 : Möngke II (Golden Horde)
1302-1342: Subotai Temur (Golden Horde)
1342-1377: John IV "The Christian"(Temurius Dinasty)[24]
1377-1388: Stephen I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela I (Pest-Mojmir)
1449-1461: Stephen II (Pest-Mojmir)[41]
1461-1484: Constantine XIII (XIV) ''the Restorer'' (Comnenus-Psellos Dynasty) [46]


Sultanate of Seljuk Rum
1484-1501: Kilij Arslan VII (Seljuk Rum) [47]
1501-1519: Suleyman Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1519-1534 : Suleyman Arslan VI "the Just" (Seljuk Rum)
1534-1536: Suleyman Arslan VII "the Weak" (Seljuk Rum)[56]
1536-1564: Alp Arslan III (Seljuk Rum) [64]
1564-1579: Alp Arslan IV (Seljuk Rum)
1579-1622: Kilij Arslan VIII (Seljuk Rum)
1622-1637: Mehmet Arslan I (Seljuk Rum)
1637-1648: Mehmet Arslan II (Seljuk Rum)
1648-1662: Alp Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1662-1689: Kilij Arslan IX (Seljuk Rum)
1689-1704: Mehmet Arslan III (Seljuk Rum)
1704-1728: Alp Arslan VI (Seljuk Rum)
1728-1754: Abdel Aziz I (House of Osman) [80]
1754-1779: Alp Arslan VII (House of Osman)
1779-1798: Mehmet Arslan IV (House of Osman)


Emperors of Cyprus
1277-1314: Alexius V (Angelus Dynasty) [17]
1314-1335 : John IV (Angelus Dynasty)
1335-1349: Constantine XIII "The Last" [21]

Monarchs of Scotland
1058-1093: Malcolm III (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1093-1102: Duncan II (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1102-1114: Andrew I (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1114-1125: Malcolm IV (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1125-1148: Macbeth II (Alban Dynasty) [6]
1148-1155 : Andrew II (Alban Dynasty)
1155-1157 : Edgar I "the Brief" (Alban Dynasty)
1157-1172 : Duncan III (Alban Dynasty)
1172-1214 : Macbeth III (Alban Dynasty)
1214-1238: Edgar II (Alban Dynasty)
1238-1252: Robert I (Alban Dynasty) [10]
1252-1288: August I (Capet-Burgundy)
1288-1302: August II (Capet-Burgundy), claimed the French throne as August I
1302-1324: Macbeth IV (Capet-Burgundy, claimed French Throne as Macbet I) [15]
1324-1332: Robert II/IV (Capet-Burgundy) [18]
1332-1356: Joan I (Capet-Burgundy)
1356-1360: August III "The Old" (Capet-Burgundy)
1360-1374: August IV "the Young" (Capet-Burgundy)
1374-1387 : Robert III (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1426: Macbeth V (Capet-Burgundy)
1426-1468: August V (Capet-Burgundy) [36]
1468-1493: Macbeth VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1493-1510: Macbeth VII (Capet-Burgundy)
1510-1524 : Joan II (Capet-Burgundy)
1524-1564: Douglas I (Strathclyde Dynasty) [54]
1564-1602: Douglas II (Strathclyde Dynasty)
1592-1624: Alfred I (House of Monmouth) [57]
Merged with England in the Royal Unification Act of 1601 [60]
1624-1625 : Robert IV "the King of the Winter" (Capet-Burgundy) [67]
1740: Edmund IV "the Bad" (House of Monmouth) [81]

Kings and Emperors of Hungary
1116-1131: Stephen II (Arpad Dynasty)
1131-1167: Stephen III (Arpad Dynasty)
1167-1181: Bruno II (Arpad Dynasty)
1181-1183: Andrew II "The Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty, lost the Hungarian crown, but kept the Holy Roman one)
1183-1203 : Bela II (Arpad Dynasty, brother of Andrew II)
1203-1230 : Stephen IV (Arpad Dynasty)
1230-1264: Bela III (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Imre I (Arpad Dynasty)
(1281-1315: Stephen IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14])
1321-1338 : Imre II "the Liberator" (House of Buda) [19]
1338-1358: Imre III "the Weakling" (House of Buda-Arpad)
1358-1360: Felicia of Sicily(House of Hauteville)[25]
1360-1388: Stephen V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela IV (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1449-1452: Stephen VI (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [41]
Hungary officially united with Eastern Roman Empire[41]
1462-1493: Bela V (Pest-Mojmir)[48]
1493-1536: John II (Pest-Mojmir)
1536-1573 : Matthias I "the Mighty" (Pest-Mojmir)
1573-1608: Matthias II (Pest-Mojmir)
1608-1634: John III (Pest-Mojmir)
1634-1636: John IV (Pest-Mojmir)
1636-1639: Sigismund I (Jagiellon Dynasty)[61]
1639-1651: Laszlo I "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1674: John V (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [70]
1674-1690: Matthias III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1690-1715: Laszlo II (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1715-1730: Laszlo III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [76]
1730-1758: Laszlo IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1758-1796: Matthias IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)

Kings and Emperors of Poland

1290-1296: Premyslas II (Piast Dynasty)
1296-1305: Wenceslaus II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1305-1312: Wenceslaus III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1312-1336 : Konrad II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1336-1342: Frederick I (Premyslid Dynasty, also King of Bohemia)
1342-1368: Wenceslaus IV (Premyslid Dynasty, Personal Union between Bohemia and Poland continued)
1368-1375: Sigismund I (Premyslid Dynasty, Crowns of Poland and Bohemia formally merged)
1375-1398 : Wenceslaus V (Premyslid Dynasty)
1398-1443: Sigismund II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1443-1461: Frederick II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1461-1495: Sigismund III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1495-1528: Frederick III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1528-1547 : Sigismund IV "the Scholar" (Premyslid Dynasty)
1547: Konrad III "The Pretender" (Premsylid Dynasty)
1547-1601: Sigismund V (Jagiellon Dynasty) [55]
1601-1639: Sigismund VI(Jagiellon Dynasty) [61]
1639-1651: Ladislaus II "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1668: Ladislaus III (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1668-1696: Frederick IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1696-1703: Ladislaus IV (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1703-1760: Konrad III (Jagiellon Dynasty) [76]
1760-1768: Ladislaus V (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1768-1794: Konrad IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) [82]

Aragon
1319-1350: Pere IV (House of Aragon)
1350-1372: Tiago II (House of Aragon)
1372-1379: Pere V (House of Aragon)
1379-1402: Tiago III (House of Aragon)
1402-1420: Pere VI (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Tiago IV (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Juan II (House of Gonzaga)
1453-1470: Pere VII (House of Gonzaga)
1470-1496: Juan III (House of Gonzaga)
1496-1534: Tiago V (House of Gonzaga)
1534-1561 : Juan IV "the Cruel" (House of Gonzaga)
1561-1593: Tiago VI (House of Gonzaga)
1593-1624: Juan V (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
Inherited by Hispania[71]

Vladimir
1326-1360: Aleksandr II Mikhailovich (Tver Rurikids)[22]
1360-1362: Sucession war between Sigismund I (Premyslid) and Boris I (Tver Rurikids)
1362-1385: Boris I (Tver Rurikids)[28]
1385-1399 : Boris II (Tver Rurikids)
1400-1420: Boris III (Tver Rurikids)
1420-1452: Ivan II (Tver Rurikids)
1452-1470: Yuri II (Tver Rurikids)
1471-1492: Boris IV (Tver Rurikids)
1492-1528: Yuri III (Tver Rurikids)
1528-1553 : Dimitri I "the Magnificient" (Tver Rurikids)
1553-1586: Boris V (Tver Rurikids)
1586-1619: Dimitri II (Tver Rurikids)

Tsars of All Russias [62]
1586-1619: Dmitri II (Tver Rurikids)
1619-1627: Yuri IV "The Great" (Tver Rurikids)
1627-1642: Ivan III (Tver Rurikids)
1642-1668: Dmitri III (Tver Rurikids)
1668-1692: Boris VI "The German" (House von Oldenburg)[73]
1692-1721: Piotr I (House von Oldenburg)
1721-1755: Dmitri IV (House von Oldenburg) [76]
1755-1773: Michael I (House von Oldenburg)
1773-1793: Piotr II (House von Oldenburg)

Popes

1061-1073:Alexander II, Holy Roman Empire
1073-1099: Alexander III, Holy Roman Empire (born Anselm of Lucca, nephew to prior pope)
1099-1112 : Sylvester III, France
1112-1127: John XX, Norman Italy
1127-1141: Paschal II, France
1141: John XXI, Norman Italy
1141-1159: Paschal III, Aragon
1159-1163: Benedict X, Holy Roman Empire
1163-1192: Gregory VIII, Hungary
1192-1198: Paschal IV, England
1198-1215: Roanald I, France
1215: John XXII, France
1215-1220: Benedict XI, Norman Italy
1220: Leo X, France
1220-1239: Innocent II, Scotland
1239-1260: Bd. Paul I, Leon
1260-1278: Leo XI, Scotland
1278-1281: John XXIII, France
1281-1294: Benedict Paul II, France
1294-1312: Paschal V, France
1312-1327: Luke I, England [20]
1327-1342: Urban II, Milan
1342-1360: Gregory IX, Leon
1360-1376: Luke II, Switzerland [29]
1376-1412 : Urban III, Milan [33]
1412-1460: Martin II "The Young Pope", Sicily [35]
1424-1453 : Luke III, Flanders [38]
1430-1448: Urban IV, Rome [38]
1460-1469: Gregory X, Leon[42]
1453-1455 : John XXIV, Holy Roman Empire
1448-1470: Leo XI, France [43]
1455-1471: Benedict Paul III, Holy Roman Empire [43]
Interregnum 1469-1490 [43]
1490-1518: Leo XII, France [49]
1518-1539 : John XXV, Venice
1539-1542: Luke IV, Flanders
1542-1570: Benedict Paul IV, Milan
1570-1583: Luke V, Switzerland
1583-1591: Leo XIII, France
1591-1613: Gregory XI, Leon
1613-1633: Gregory XII, Tuscany [63]
1633-1647: Paul II, Sardinia
1647-1661: Leo XIV, Florence[71]
1661-1667: Leo XV, Italy
1667-1694: Paul III, Sicily
1694-1720: Paul IV, Papal State [75]
1720-1730: Paul V, Italy
1730-1753: Paul VI, Sicily [76]
1753-1765: Benedict XII, Italy
1765-1788: Luke VI, Italy

[1] Died without leaving an heir and to prevent a crisis named his strongest ally, Thomas, heir to the throne
[2]Was a lord in English held Wales
[3]Declared himself Holy Roman Emperor with backing of Pope Paschal III
[4]Killed thousands of his own and was overthrown in a rebellion
[5]Deposed his own father as Emperor, and ruled as de facto King of Hungary until his father's death, at which point he became legal King.
[6]Great-grandson of Macbeth I, he saw his house's restoration to the Scottish throne with the help of Norway.
[7]Crowned at age 6. Died of smallpox at age 11.
[8]Frederick who claimed descent from Charlemagne, overthrew Andrew the Unlucky, and spent much of his reign in conflict with Bela II of Hungary.
[9] Bela was elected Holy Roman Emperor through the machinations of his father after Conrad I's death. Upon his father's death, he became King Bela III of Hungary, uniting once again the two thrones.
[10] Disappeared during a festival. With no immediate heirs, the event prompted a dynastic crisis and the throne remained empty for several years, with internal and external battles fought between various pretenders.
[11] Technically August of Scotland should have become king, but the Dukes didn't want a foreign ruler and asked Antoine de Flandre to become king instead
[12] Same man as Imre I, until the Khan of the Golden Horde decided that since he had two crowns, he should be two men. Last male member of the Arpads and last king of Hungary for quite some time.
[13] Louis's reign saw the beginning of the War of French Succession, where Macbeth IV attempted to claim the Throne with English support. Louis was killed in the Battle of Flanders.
[14] Stephan included the title of "King of Hungary" among his honors, though he never reclaimed Budapest or 'Old Hungary' from the Mongols during his lengthy reign.
[15] The reign of the Angelus Dynasty ended when Constantinople fell to the Golden Horde in 1275. Möngke Temür, Khan of the Golden Horde, drowned John III in molten gold after looting the city. The Horde were so impressed by the city's fortifications that they adopted it as their capital.
[16] Macbeth actually managed to be coronated in Paris after the Battle of Flanders, but his claim was never recognized by much of the realm, the War of French Succession continuing throughout his entire life.
[17] Alexius set up a court in exile in Cyprus, and considered himself the Roman Emperor.
[18] Last Scottish King to claim the crown of France. He was captured and was only released by Antoine II after he renounced the claims of his family to the crown of France.
[19] Descendant from a Bastard Line of the House of Arpad. Freed the country from the Mongols. He took the name of his household from his birthplace. Married Holy Roman Emperor Bela II's daughter to suspend any claims the Emperor could have had on Hungary.
[20] Archbishop Edward of Canterburry choosed this name because he considered Luke the Evangelist to be his model.
[21] Upon his death Cyprus was invaded by the Syrian Turks, ending the legacy of Rome
[22] The first Rus prince to overthrow the hold of the Mongols
[23] A papal bull established the emperorship as electoral, to avoid any more non-German rulers from taking over the Empire and using her resources for their own gain like the Arpads did. Interestingly, all of the electors were either members or allies of the Luxemburg house, who had supported the current pope's election
[24] Born and educated in Constantinople, Tuda Temur become a fervorous christian and, with the death of his father, he converted officially his empire. Even if most of the Golden Horde lands were lost to (both mongol and european) warlords, the core of former Byzantine Empire was kept.
[25] Spouse of Imre III, eldest daughter of the norman king Roger IV.
[26] Louis X died without issue, leaving the French throne to his nephew, Antoine, who ruled France as Antoine IV, and Castile as Antonio I.
[27] Grandson of Emperor Bela II through a bastard son. Took the throne of Hungary through marriage with Felicia. Inherited Constantinople from John IV, who died without issue. Lead successful Eastern Crusade, driving off the final remnants of the Golden Horde in the Balkans and Anatolia.
[28] Conflict for the Principality of Vladimir ended with recognition of Rurikid claim by Poland, with Hungary acting as mediator. In return, Hungary and Vladimir swore to support Poland's claim to the Throne of Bohemia.
[29] Papacy shifted to Constance at urging of House of Luxembourg.
[30] Due to tensions in Castille, Antoine IV/I decided to separate his possessions upon his death, entrusting France to his eldest son, Charles, and Castille to his second son, Robert.
[31] Assassinated under mysterious circumstances. Pope Urban III is suspected to have commandidated the murder, so that the Papacy could go back to Rome.
[32] Robert III of Scotland is a descendant of Alexander IV of England's eldest daughter. Due to an epidemy of Smallpox in the English Royal family, he found himself as the only heir to the English throne and was crowned as Robert IV. He proved unable to rule both kingdoms, which caused his assassination.
[33] Conflicted often with the Holy Roman Emperors because of his wish to bring the papacy back to Rome. Ultimately succeeded upon Conrad II's death.
[34] While leading a group of soldiers to confront a small tax rebellion in Savoie, Henri's cape became caught in his horse's saddle as he tried to dismount. The horse became alarmed and ran off, dragging the French king behind him. He died of his injuries several days later. The horse was later killed.
[35] Youngest reigning Pope. During his rule, he attempted to take advantage of civil unrest in the Middle East and called forth the Tenth Crusade. Also notable for personally leading the Christian forces during the initial invasion.
[36] Henry's death without issue saw a lengthy interregnum as the throne of France fought over by the Capet-Flanders of Castile, the Capet-Burgundys of Scotland, and the House of Luxembourg, amongst others.
[37] A member of the lower nobility, Alfred presented himself as a restorer of old English rule.
[38] Martin's efforts for a crusade recieved lukewarm support from all western Kingdoms save Leon, whose King Alphonso accompanied Martin and died in the field, and opposition in the East, who saw it as a needless folly. Despite this, Martin and his forces were able to take much of the north of Egypt. However, his constant demands for more support, and increasingly grandiose claims of papal supremacy caused the House of Luxembourg to sponsor the antipope Luke III, "the Pope of Constance". As the situation deteriorated, the French and various Italian princes supported their own candidate, Urban IV, "the Pope of Rome", finding Martin just as objectionable as Luke. The resulting Papal Schism would dominate much of the "Pope of Jerusalem's" reign.
[39]After the political instability in Castille, the House of Capet-Flanders lost power; The old house of Burgundy, much weakened by now, was chosen as it was a compromisse between the germans and british, and also had support in France.
[40]: title received due to the discovery of Terrarrica. After the expelling of the Jerusalem Pope from the Crusader lands, the leonese launched a small crusade to expel the last Moors from Iberia, and stabilished a new city near Murcia with the Terrarican gold.
[41]: The personal union developed into an official unification of both countries. The centralization of the Empire in Constatinople, but with Catholicism (Constance branch) as official religion, causing serious instabilities.
[42]: the Jerusalem Papacy, after defeats in the Holy Land and without a route to the east, was re-based in Leon, focusing in the Reconquista.
[43] Following the deaths of the Pope of Jerusalum and the Pope of Rome, Antoine V of France focused on attempting to reunite the two branches of Catholicism. The death of the Pope Benedict Paul III a year later was seen as a sign that all three branches must unify. For the next few years, all three seats remained empty as the cardinals of each branch attempted to work on a compromise.
[44] Shortest reigning Holy Roman Emperor, with a total rule of approximately eight hours. On the night of his coronation, Heinrich mistook a large open window as the entryway for a balcony. He subsequently fell several stories to his death.
[45] Due to a lack of male successors and a fear of other monarchs claiming the nation, after the death of Gaspar, his daughter, Isabella, inherited the throne. Isabella's reign saw a dramatic increase in the stability and prestige of Leon. Like her father, she funded a multitude of expeditions and made significant efforts to increase Leon's presence in the New World. For her achievements, she is often considered one of the Greatest European Monarchs and Mother Hispania.
[46] Due to the instabilities caused by the Catholic Emperor Stephen II, the Hungarian Dynasty is deposed by Constantine Psellos, an orthodox man who claimed to be descendent of Alexius I Comnenus. He declares himself Emperor of the Romans and the Byzantine Empire is restored, while Hungary succumbs into a serious civil war between the two surviving sons of Stephen; Bela and Benedek.
[47] Constantine held his "Eastern Roman Empire"--consisting largely of Constantinople and a small portion of the lands surrounding it, for twenty-three years, by regularly bribing the Hungarian Emperor, his Rurikid and Pole allies, and the Turks. Eventually, the Turks decided the bribes weren't big enough, leading to the Second Sacking of Constantinople by the ambitious Kilij Arslan VII of the Seljuk Rum. Constantine was killed in the assault, after which the Turks made themselves masters of Constantinople.
[48] After defeating his brother in the civil war, Bela had himself crowned "Roman Emperor in the East" in Buda-Pest, which was again made the capital. While Bela would occasionally make a motion at recapturing Constantinople, he considered the city more trouble than it was worth. Henceforth, the ruler of Hungary was the 'Roman Emperor of the East', commonly called the 'Hungarian Emperor'.
[49] After much debate, it was agreed that the Roman claim was correct, with the new Pope, Leo XII taking his name from his predecessor. The papacies of Constance and "Jerusalem"--presently based in Lisbon--are declared to be "archcardinalates"--a new rank invented specifically for this situation--allowed to "comment" and "elucidate" on the Pope's decisions.
[50] Only surviving son of Charles V, he was in a precarious situation at the beginning of his reign as his cousin, Duke Henri of Aquitaine, had his eyes on the crown. He proved to be very strong in politics, getting rid of his ennemies or isolating them. He also played an important role on European politics, being the most well informed thanks to his spies. Earned his nickname because it was said no fly could escape his web of agents.
Philip I was also very close to the people and did everything he could to weaken the French nobility's power.
[51] Isabella I of Leon married her eldest son, Alphonso, to the newly crowned Queen Maria I of Castille in 1524. When Alphonso IX ascended the throne, both he and Maria declared that their eldest son would inherit both the crowns of Castille and Leon.
[52] Sometimes called Arthur III because of the Arthurian legends. The most honest and benevolent king of his time, he never got along with Philip I of France whom he never trusted. Died peacefully in his sleep although conspiracist theory said the French king had him poisonned.
[53] Sadly, Alphonso and Maria died without issue. The throne of Leon went to Alphonso's brother Gaspar, the throne of Castile went to Maria's cousin, Ferdinand. However, both kings laid claim to the other throne, setting off a lengthy war that increased resentment and rivalry between the two kingdoms.
[54] Was a teenage vassal of Joan II but gained support among the people and lords as he claimed descent from Robert I. Fought a brutal civil war with Joan that ended in Joan's death at the hands of an assassin. Fought on and off wars with France but was always victorious.
[55] When Sigismund IV died without issue, Konrad, a low-level noble of dubious origin claimed the throne, citing illegitimate descent from Sigismund III. He was opposed by most of the nobles of Poland, the Prince of Vladimir, and the Emperor of Hungary. After his reign, young Sigismund V, of the House of Jagiellon, was given the throne under regency. He proved an able and wise King.
[56] Sulyeman VII was overthrown by Matthias the Mighty, ending the rule of the Rum Seljuk over Constantinople. Matthias chose to keep the capital at Budapest, and instead gave rule of the city of Constantinople to the Patriarch, a state of affairs that his descendents maintained.
[57] After Douglas II died without male issue -- his only son having died on a French battlefield -- Alfred inheritted the Scottish throne through his mother; his dual reign is compared very favorably with that of Robert the Scot.
[58] After the death of Antonio, Juan V of Aragon proved to be the next of kin. Already King of Navarre and Sicily, Juan proved to be an important figure in Iberian politics
[59] Charles V proved to be the last Emperor to be important because he was Emperor. After his death, a struggle between the Wittlesbachs, Hohenstaufens, and the Romanofs of Sweden-Norway borke the Empire's stability
[60] To streamline things, Alfred V/I merged the kingdoms into the Kingdom of Albion by royal decree (What's that? An elected body of officials called Parliament calling the shots in Britain? How absurd!). William II/I maintained this, and added Ireland, to boot, and the Act is still enforced today. William II was also the last king of England to hold land in France, for his reign saw Bretagne and Normandy fall to the French, though the heir apparent of England is still titled "Duke of Normandy".
[61] After the death of Emperor John, the line passed through his dead sister to her son, Sigismund Jagiellon, the King of Poland and Bohemia. Sigismund was wholly uninterested in the country, and this marks the beginning of Hungary's slow decline
[62] In 1608 Prince Yuri marched down with a massive army and took Constantinople from the Magyars, crowning himself Tsar of All Russias in the process. By this point, Constantinople was a shadow of its former glory, so Yuri returned home to Suzdal. Yuri is also, through a bizarre and labyrinthine series of inheritances, the technical king of Jerusalem, though that claim is maintained only to give the Coat of Arms some cool imagery
[63] At this point more and more popes were being selected from Italian statelets
[64] The Sultanate continued on after losing Constaninople to the Hungarians, and became the preeminent power in the Middle East.
[65] Carlos I of Aragon and Castille had been married with Infante Isabella of Leon. An epidemy of smallpox in the royal family left Isabella as the sole heir to the crown of Leon, virtually merging Castille, Aragon and Leon.
[66] Ludwig of Baden's candidature had very few chances of succeeding. Yet, because of the struggle between the Hohenstaufen, Romanovs and Wittelsbach, who were doing everything so that one of their rivals wouldn't get the crown, the electors designated him. Ludwig IV was a good emperor, but he sadly spent the majority of his reign to play as an arbiter between the three rival houses. According to some, he died of exhaustion.
[67] In November 1624, Robert of Arran, a descendant of Macbeth VII, rose in uprising againt the English Kings as he opposed the act of Union. He was crowned as Robert IV and fought for independance. He fell in Battle in March 1625 and the rebels, deprived of their leaders, surrendered to the William III. This was the only serious uprising immediately after the union of Scotland and England.
[68] Laszlo I was more competent than his father, but the rule of Sigismund I had turned the Hungarian nobility against the Emperor. Laszlo I would be the last Emperor to reign relatively unopposed, despite some huge political fights with the nobility. He earned his surname many years later, as he was the first who saw the Twilight of the Hungarian Empire.
[69] The next election for Holy Roman Emperor ended in charges of corruption and fraud, with every participant claiming to have won, and been cheated by the others. Over a decade of inconclusive fighting and dubious claiments ended with the formal dissolution of the "Empire" into a group of independent states.
[70] The ascent of Laszlo II--a known opponent of the Magyar nobility--to the throne convinced the gentry that enough was enough. The Hungarian Senate met, formally deposed Laszlo and his line, and installed a distant cousin, John of Bucharest, who took as his house name "Mojmir-Arpad". The Fifteen Year War between Poland and Hungary was devastating for both nations, but ended with Hungary seperated from Poland, and the throne of Poland gaining recognition as an imperial throne in its own right.
[71] Ferdinand V formally merged all the crowns he controlled as he recognized the legitimacy of the italian crown, convincing the Pope to give him the title of Emperor of Hispania.
[72] Shortly after the partial dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Pietro de Medici, who was grand duke of Tuscany and besieged Milan, used his influence with the pope (a Medici himself, and Pietro's uncle) to achieve the Italian crown. Such realm was not, obviously, recognized by many of the german sucessor states, but it slowly got legitimacy, specially after the Iberian merging.
[73] The death of Dmitri III with no heir caused the Russians to look for a relation able to take the throne. The best available candidate was Ernest of the now dispossessed House of von Oldenberg, who took the reign name of Boris as a sign of his devotion to his new homeland. Having only a limited understanding of Russian custom, Boris's reign saw the Russian Senate taking a dominant role in the governing of Great Rus.
[74] Philip III, being mad, was never married and died without issue. The succession then went to Charles, Count of Champagne, Philip III's cousin and a descendant of Philip I.
[75] Gave the Papal State a small island in Terrarrica (OTL Barbados) as a gift. Due to the Papal State's lack of seafaring capabilities however, the island remained under de facto Hispapanian control until the mid 1800s, when it became home to the Archcardinalate of Jerusalem.
[76] Antoine VI launched the Italian Wars in 1721, with Bavaria and Baden as his allies, by invading of northern Italy, claiming to be in support of his 'oppressed allies' in Genoa and Venice. (Hispania, though disliking the new Italian state, which it felt threatened its holdings in Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica, was equally threatened by French interest in Tolosa and Marsiho, and so rebuffed Antoine's efforts for an alliance.) Antoine's invasion met spirited resistance from the Italians and condemnation from the Pope. In 1722, Albion, Luxembourg, and Hungary came to the assistance of Italy, hoping to restrain French power. (Albion and Luxembourg both hoped to gain land from France as well.) This brought Scandinavia and Swabia into the war in 1723, which brought Poland and Russia into the war in 1724. The whole affair ended in 1727 with thousands dead, and little changes in the international scene, the big losers being Swabia, which lost several eastern provinces to Poland, and Scandinavia, which lost Finland to Russia.
[77] Philip IV never approved the foreign politics of his father, though he participated in the Italian Wars. The bloodbath that engulfed Europe shocked him, especially when his eldest brother Louis died on the battlefield. When Antoine VI finally died, Philip IV did everything he could to erase the misdeeds of his father and restore France's image. By the end of his reign, France was once again seen as a respectable nation.
[78] While the Holy Roman Empire existed, Thuringia was ruled by another royal house, the Ludowinger Dynasty. In 1639, Hermann III, the last Ludowinger King of Thuringia died ans the throne passed to his daughter, whom had married Augustus II of Saxony. The major powers of the Holy Roman Empire, namely the competing houses for the Holy Roman Emperor crown, didn't wish for a Saxon-Thuringia Union and appealed to Emperor Ludwig IV. When Augustus II of Saxony died in 1645, Saxony and Thuringia were partitionned between his two sons. They were only recognized as Independant Kings once the Holy Roman Empire exploded.
[79] Alexander VI died without sons. Shortly before his death, he passed a law allowing women to succeed the crown, but only if a king had no longer any sons. This allowed Elisabeth I to take the crown. Though she is remembered for her great beauty, Elisabeth I was far from stupid : today, she is remembered as the first female monarch of Albion but also as one of its greatest.
[80] After Alp Arslan VI's death, the Seljuk Sultanate was left without an heir to the throne. The nobles formally elected Abdel Aziz Osmanli, the wealthiest, wisest and most powerful of them all, to suceed the Sultan.
[81] Edmund was king Alexander VI's brother and thus Elisabeth I's uncle. He was known for his administrative skills but also for his huge ambition. While his brother was aging, he acted more and more like he was the King. He opposed his niece when she succeeded the crown and tried to make Scotland secede. While at first he rallied all those opposing Elisabeth, he proved to be a tyran and was soon abandonned. Six month after his rebellion, he was betrayed by Duke Richard of York, his best friend, who brought him before Elisabeth. Richard of York was pardoned while Edmund was beheaded.
[82] William V of Albion was the son of Elisabeth and her consort, Prince Charles of Luxembourg, who took the house name of "Monmouth-von Luxembourg". Being of a prideful nature, he started what in France, England and Hispania are known as "the Colonial Wars", and what are known in the East and the German states as "the Wars of Betrayal". William sought to improve Albion's power by increasing its colonial holdings in North Terrarica, his mother's careful project. He planned to do this by seizing France and Hispania's holdings, both far more extensive than Albion's. In this he had the encouragement of his uncle, Otto XIII of Luxembourg, who assured him that if he made his move, Luxembourg would declare war on France. Thus distracted, France would be unable to pursuse a full-scale war, leaving Albion to face only Hispania--which would not want to commit too many resources to preserving the significantly poorer northern colonies. In 1775, William made his move. However, while Luxembourg DID declare war on France, most of its energies were spent persecuting France's allies in the German states, specifically Saxony and Thuringia. This caused Poland, Baden, and Bavaria to declare war on Luxembourg's allies Brandenburg and Swabia. Albion found itself facing the combined might of Hispania and France with virtually no support. By the war's end in 1883, Albion had lost most of its colonies in Terrarica, Hispania ruled the waves, France became the primary colonial power in North Terrarica, Luxembourg absorbed Thuringa and most of Saxony--Scandinavia, a latecomer to the war, getting the rest--Poland absorbed Brandenburg, and Baden and Bavaria split Swabia between them. William drank himself to death, a broken man, while Otto enjoyed a reputation as the most devious monarch in Europe, as people whispered of secret treaties, and treacherous agreements between supposed enemies.
[83] Pietro travelled extensively throughout Europe and Terrarica in his youth, gaining an admiration for the Eastern Empires and a hearty contempt for much of the West. Why is it, he would ask, that the Western monarch may be no more than a king, and rule no more than a tiny province, and yet he demands absolute power over his land and all who live in it, while the Emperors of the East rule over vast lands, and see themselves as servants of the State? He even compared Russia's conquest of the East 'where they have sought to educate and improve those savages that God has seen to place under their rule', to Hispania's 'brutal enslavement' of Terrarica's natives. All this talk was seen as the idle chatter of a gadfly--until Pietro's elder brother Lorenzo died, followed by his father, making him the King of Italy. Pietro "easternized" his court, creating a Senate, and freeing the serfs. The success of his reforms--less remarkable when one considers that he ruled over a heavily urbanized state which contained in it several former republics--created an enthusiasm for "easternization" throughout much of Western Europe, especially among younger nobles and the growing middle class.

 

[QuoProQuid]

Monarchs of France

987-996:Hugh Capet (Capetian Dynasty)
996-1025: Robert II (Capetian Dynasty)
1025-1056 : Hugh II Magnus (Capetian Dynasty, eldest son of Robert II)
1056-1074: Hugh III (Capetian Dynasty)
1074-1101: Robert III (Capetian Dynasty)
1101-1102: Hugh IV (end of Capetian Dynasty)
1102-1129: Eudes II le Pieux (Capet-Burgundy)
1129-1147: Guy I (Capet-Burgundy)
1147-1178: Louis VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1178-1201: Henri I (Capet-Burgundy)
1201-1205: Henri II (Capet-Burgundy)
1205-1214 : Guy II (Capet-Burgundy)
1214-1246 : Louis VII "the Great" (Capet-Burgundy, under regency from 1214 to 1220)
1246-1269: Louis VIII "the Small" (Capet-Burgundy)
1269-1298: (Saint) Henri III "The Saint" (Capet-Burgundy)
1298-1312: Antoine I (Capet-Flanders) [11]
1312-1316: Louis IX (Capet-Flanders) [13]
1316-1350: Antoine II the Wise (Capet-Flanders)
1350-1357: Antoine III (Capet-Flanders)
1357-1390: Louis X (Capet-Flanders)
1390-1423: Antoine IV (Capet-Flanders)[26]
1423-1462 : Charles IV "the Good" (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1462-1465: Henri IV "The King of Fools" (Capet-Flanders) [34]
Interregnum: 1465-1473 [36]
1473 - 1488: Louis XI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)[39]
1488 - 1520: (Saint) Antoine V, "The Holy" [43]
1520 - 1525: Charles V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1525 - 1563 : Philip I "the Spider" (House of New Capet-Burgundy) [50]
1563-1602: Henri V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1602-1616: Philip II (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1616-1629: Henri VI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1629-1654: Louis XII (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1654-1668: Henri V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1668-1670: Philip III "The Mad" (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1670-1702: Charles VI (House of Champagne) [74]
1702- 1719: Henri VI (House of Champagne)
1719-1738: Antoine VI "the Bloody" (House of Champagne) [76]
1738-1774: Philip IV "The Redeemer" (House of Champagne) [77]
1774-1798: Henri V "the Victorious" (House of Champagne) [82]
1798-1853: Louis XIII "Father of the People" (House of Champagne) [84]


Monarchs of Castille

1037-1065: Ferdinand I "The Great" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1065-1090: Garcia II "The Unlikely" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1090-1120 : Ferdinand II (Jimenez Dynasty, son of Garcia II)
1120-1132: Jimena I (Jimenez Dynasty, first female ruler of Castille, Leon, and Galicia)
1132-1137: Javier I (Jimenez Dynasty, sudden death kills off the Dynasty)
1137-1274: Under Leon
1274-1299: Guillermo I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1299-1331: Guillermo II (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1331-1342: Guillermo III (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1342-1360: Roberto I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1360-1389: Vicente I (Capet-Flanders)
1389-1423: Antonio I (Capet-Flanders) [26]
1423-1457: Roberto II (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1457-1460: Antonio II (Capet-Flanders)
1460-1483: Vicente II (Capet Flanders) [36]
1483-1490: Guillermo IV (Capet Flanders)
1490-1516: Antonio III (Capet Flanders)
1516-1557 : Maria I "the Gentle" (Capet-Flanders) [51]
1557-1572: Ferdinand III (Capet-Flanders)[53]
1572-1603: Antonio IV (Capet-Flanders)
1603-1624: Juan I (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1654-1660: Isabella I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]

Kings of Leon
1137-1140: Sancho III (Astur Dynasty, Castille is now part of Leon)
1140-1157: Sancho IV (Astur Dynasty)
1157-1182: Jorge I (Astur Dynasty)
1182-1193: Sancho V (Astur Dynasty)
1193-1214: Ramiro IV (Astur Dynasty, dies without heir. Dynasty is overthrown)
1214-1236: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1236-1241: Pedro I (Romaniv Dynasty)
1241-1248: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1248-1260: Ferdinand II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1260-1265: Alphonso VI "the Child" (Romaniv Dynasty) [7]
Interregnum 1265-1278
1260-1265: Gaspar I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1265-1292: Gaspar II (Corte-Real)
1292-1307: Paulino III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1307-1324: Alphonso VII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1324-1357: Ferdinand III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1357-1370: Gaspar III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1370-1392: Ferdinand IV (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1392-1437 : Alphonso VIII "the Warrior" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1437-1487: Gaspar V "The Scholar" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1487-1515: Gaspar VI "The Golden" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[40]
1515-1540: Isabella I "The High Queen" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [45]
1540-1563: Alphonso IX "The Handsome" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [51]
1563-1588: Gaspar VII "The Good" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[53]
1588-1615: Gaspar VIII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1615-1649: Alphonso X "The Great" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]

Emperors of Hispania
1673-1691: Ferdinand V (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1691-1704: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1704-1750: Carlos III (Corte-Real Dynasty) [75]
1750-1782: Diego I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]
1782-1819: Diego II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]

Holy Roman Emperors

912-973:Otto I (Ottonian Dynasty)
973-992: Liudolf I "The Saxon" (Ottonian Dynasty, later known as Saxon Dynasty after Liudolf's powerbase and Anglo-Saxon ancestry)
992-1024 : Otto II (Saxon Dynasty, son of Liudolf I)
1024-1048: Liudolf II (Saxon Dynasty)
1048-1062: Otto III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062: Liudolf III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062-1079: Heinrich II der Lowenhertz (Liutpolding Dynasty, aka Bavarian Dynasty)
1079-1104: Otto IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1104-1126: Charles IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1126-1131: Heinrich III (end of Bavarian Dynasty)
1131-1152: Stephen III "The Hungarian" (Arpad Dynasty) [3]
1153-1181: Bruno I (II) (Arpad Dynasty) [5]
1181-1192 : Andrew II "the Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty)
1192-1213 : Frederick I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)[8]
1213-1223 : Conrad I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1224-1264: Bela I (III) (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Heinrich IV (Arpad Dynasty) [12]
1281-1315: Stephan IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14]
1315-1332 : Bela II (Mojmir Dynasty)
1332-1359: Otto VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [23]
1359-1390: Heinrich V (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1390-1392: Otto VIII (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1392-1410 : Conrad II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [31]
1410-1438: Otto IX (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1438-1471: Heinrich VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [36]
1471-1471: Heinrich VII (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [44]
1471-1478: Otto X (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1478-1493 : Conrad III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1493-1522: Conrad IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1522-1554 : Charles V (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1554-1574: Otto XI (Von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1574-1607: Heinrich VIII (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1607-1636: Charles V (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [59]
1636-1648: Ludwig IV "the Unexpected" (House of Baden) [66]
The Great Dispute [69]

Kings of Bavaria (Wittelsbach Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1666: Charles VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1666-1689: Ludwig V (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1689-1727: Ludwig VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [76]
1727-1759: Maximilian I (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1759-1788: Maximilian II (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [82]
1788-1830: Maximilian III (Wittelsbach Dynasty)


Kings of Swabia (Hohenstaufen Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1672: Frederick II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1672-1694: Frederick III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1694-1701: Conrad V (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1701-1738: Frederick IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [76]
1738-1767: Heinrich IX (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1767-1783: Frederick V "the Last" (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [82]
Absorbed by Baden and Bavaria

Grand Dukes of Baden and Switzerland (Baden Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1657: Franz I (House of Baden)
1657-1690: Ulrich I (House of Baden)
1690-1738: Franz II (House of Baden) [76]
1738-1762: Karl Franz I (House of Baden)
1762-1784: Ulrich II (House of Baden) [82]


Kings of Luxembourg, Hesse, Hanover, and the Rhine (Von Luxembourg Claimants to the HRE)
1636-1669: Otto XII (von Luxembourg)
1669-1688: Heinrich VII (von Luxembourg)
1688-1727: Heinrich VIII (von Luxembourg) [76]
1727-1749: Charles VI (Von Luxembourg)
1749-1798: Otto XIII "the Old" "the Fortunate" (Von Luxembourg) [82]
1798-1820: Heinrich IX (Von Luxembourg)
1820-1883: Peter I "The Wretched King" (Von Luxembourg) [85]

Kings of Scandinavia (Romanov Claimants to the HRE)
1642-1667: Gustav IV (Romanov)
1667-1684: Nicholas III (Romanov)
1684-1716: Gustav V (Romanov)
1716-1745: Nicholas IV (Romanov) [76]
1745-1778: Michael I (Romanov)
1778-1806: Michael II (Romanov) [82]
1806-1858: Gustav VI "The Ice King" (Romanov)

Kings of Saxony
1648-1681: Augustus III (House of Wettin) [78]
1681-1703: John II (House of Wettin)
1703-1739: Albert IV (House of Wettin)
1739-1762: Ernest II (House of Wettin)
1762-1783: Ernest III "the Hapless" (House of Wettin) [82]
Absorbed by Luxembourg and Scandinavia

Kings of Thuringia
1648-1662: Hermann IV (House of Wettin) [78]
1662-1691: Balthasar I (House of Wettin)
1691-1728: Balthasar II (House of Wettin)
1728-1753: Johann Friedriech II (House of Wettin)
1753-1783: Balthasar III "the Mournful" (House of Wettin)
Absorbed by Luxembourg

Kings of Brandenburg
1648-1654: Joachim III (House of Hohenzollern)
1654-1688: Frederick V (House of Hohenzollern)
1688-1714: Sigismund II (House of Hohenzollern)
1714-1761: William I (House of Hohenzollern)
1761-1783: William II "the Conquered" (House of Hohenzollern)
Absorbed by Poland


Kings of Italy
1650-1671: Pietro I (House of Medici)[72]
1671-1692: Lorenzo I (House of Medici)
1692-1728: Lorenzo II (House of Medici) [76]
1728-1764: Juliano I (House of Medici)
1764-1798: Pietro II "the Good" "the Just" (House of Medici) [83]
1798-1830: (Saint) Pietro III "Messenger of God" (House of Medici) [86]

Monarchs of England and Albion:

1066-1085: William I "The Conquerer" (Norman Dynasty)
1085-1134: Robert I "Curthose" (Norman Dynasty)
1134-1150: William II (Norman Dynasty, son of Robert I)
1150-1162: Hugh I (Norman Dynasty)
1162-1193: Alexander I (Norman Dynasty, named after the Greek Emperor)
1193-1195: Alexander II (Norman Dynasty)
1195-1220: Robert II (Penthievre Dynasty, also Duke Roper I of Britanny)
1220-1243: Godfrey I (Penthievre Dynasty)
1243-1268 : Arthur I (Penthievre Dynasty, sometimes called "Arthur II" because of the Arthurian legends) [1]
1268-1304: Thomas I (FitzOsbern Dynasty) [2]
1304-1314: Robert III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1314-1321: Thomas II (FitzOsbern Dynasy)
1321-1344 : Alexander III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1344-1357 : Godfrey II (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1357-1362: Alexander IV (House of Warwick)
1362-1380: Alexander V (House of Warwick)
1380: Godfrey III (House of Warwick)
1380-1387: Robert IV "the Scot" (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1401: Alfred II (House of Wessex) [37]
1401-1446: Edward IV (House of Wessex)
1446-1468: Alfred III (House of Wessex)
1468-1481: Robert V (House of Wessex)
1481-1515: Alfred IV (House of Wessex)
1515-1549 : Arthur II "the Chivalrous" (House of Wessex) [52]
1549-1592: Harold I "the Welsh" (House of Monmouth)
1592-1624: Alfred V (House of Monmouth) [57]
1624-1642: William III (House of Monmouth) [60]
1642-1668: Harold II (House of Monmouth)
1668-1679: William IV (House of Monmouth)
1679-1688: Robert VI (House of Monmouth)
1688-1713: Edmund III (House of Monmouth)
1713-1740: Alexander VI (House of Monmouth) [76]
1740-1774: Elisabeth I "the Beautiful" (House of Monmouth) [79]
1774-1785: William V "the Proud" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg [82]

Eastern Roman Empire
1081-1118: Alexius I (Comnenus Dynasty)
1118-1127: Alexius II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1127-1146: Isaac II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1146-1158: Isaac III (Comnenus Dynasty)
1158-1162: Issac IV "The wicked" (Comnenus Dynasty overthrown in Rebellion) [4]
1162-1173: Alexius III (Angelus Dynasty)
1173-1188 : John II (Angelus Dynasty)
1188-1199 : Constantine XI (Angelus Dynasty)
1199-1236 : Constantine XII "the Beloved" (Angelus Dynasty)
1236-1238: Alexius IV "the Leper" (Angelus Dynasty)
1238-1271: Michael V (Angelus Dynasty)
1271-1275: John III (Angelus Dynasty)
1275-1287: Möngke Temür(Golden Horde) [15]
1287-1302 : Möngke II (Golden Horde)
1302-1342: Subotai Temur (Golden Horde)
1342-1377: John IV "The Christian"(Temurius Dinasty)[24]
1377-1388: Stephen I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela I (Pest-Mojmir)
1449-1461: Stephen II (Pest-Mojmir)[41]
1461-1484: Constantine XIII (XIV) ''the Restorer'' (Comnenus-Psellos Dynasty) [46]


Sultanate of Seljuk Rum
1484-1501: Kilij Arslan VII (Seljuk Rum) [47]
1501-1519: Suleyman Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1519-1534 : Suleyman Arslan VI "the Just" (Seljuk Rum)
1534-1536: Suleyman Arslan VII "the Weak" (Seljuk Rum)[56]
1536-1564: Alp Arslan III (Seljuk Rum) [64]
1564-1579: Alp Arslan IV (Seljuk Rum)
1579-1622: Kilij Arslan VIII (Seljuk Rum)
1622-1637: Mehmet Arslan I (Seljuk Rum)
1637-1648: Mehmet Arslan II (Seljuk Rum)
1648-1662: Alp Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1662-1689: Kilij Arslan IX (Seljuk Rum)
1689-1704: Mehmet Arslan III (Seljuk Rum)
1704-1728: Alp Arslan VI (Seljuk Rum)
1728-1754: Abdel Aziz I (House of Osman) [80]
1754-1779: Alp Arslan VII (House of Osman)
1779-1798: Mehmet Arslan IV (House of Osman)
1798-1830: Abdel Aziz II (House of Osman)


Emperors of Cyprus
1277-1314: Alexius V (Angelus Dynasty) [17]
1314-1335 : John IV (Angelus Dynasty)
1335-1349: Constantine XIII "The Last" [21]

Monarchs of Scotland
1058-1093: Malcolm III (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1093-1102: Duncan II (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1102-1114: Andrew I (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1114-1125: Malcolm IV (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1125-1148: Macbeth II (Alban Dynasty) [6]
1148-1155 : Andrew II (Alban Dynasty)
1155-1157 : Edgar I "the Brief" (Alban Dynasty)
1157-1172 : Duncan III (Alban Dynasty)
1172-1214 : Macbeth III (Alban Dynasty)
1214-1238: Edgar II (Alban Dynasty)
1238-1252: Robert I (Alban Dynasty) [10]
1252-1288: August I (Capet-Burgundy)
1288-1302: August II (Capet-Burgundy), claimed the French throne as August I
1302-1324: Macbeth IV (Capet-Burgundy, claimed French Throne as Macbet I) [15]
1324-1332: Robert II/IV (Capet-Burgundy) [18]
1332-1356: Joan I (Capet-Burgundy)
1356-1360: August III "The Old" (Capet-Burgundy)
1360-1374: August IV "the Young" (Capet-Burgundy)
1374-1387 : Robert III (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1426: Macbeth V (Capet-Burgundy)
1426-1468: August V (Capet-Burgundy) [36]
1468-1493: Macbeth VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1493-1510: Macbeth VII (Capet-Burgundy)
1510-1524 : Joan II (Capet-Burgundy)
1524-1564: Douglas I (Strathclyde Dynasty) [54]
1564-1602: Douglas II (Strathclyde Dynasty)
1592-1624: Alfred I (House of Monmouth) [57]
Merged with England in the Royal Unification Act of 1601 [60]
1624-1625 : Robert IV "the King of the Winter" (Capet-Burgundy) [67]
1740: Edmund IV "the Bad" (House of Monmouth) [81]

Kings and Emperors of Hungary
1116-1131: Stephen II (Arpad Dynasty)
1131-1167: Stephen III (Arpad Dynasty)
1167-1181: Bruno II (Arpad Dynasty)
1181-1183: Andrew II "The Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty, lost the Hungarian crown, but kept the Holy Roman one)
1183-1203 : Bela II (Arpad Dynasty, brother of Andrew II)
1203-1230 : Stephen IV (Arpad Dynasty)
1230-1264: Bela III (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Imre I (Arpad Dynasty)
(1281-1315: Stephen IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14])
1321-1338 : Imre II "the Liberator" (House of Buda) [19]
1338-1358: Imre III "the Weakling" (House of Buda-Arpad)
1358-1360: Felicia of Sicily(House of Hauteville)[25]
1360-1388: Stephen V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela IV (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1449-1452: Stephen VI (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [41]
Hungary officially united with Eastern Roman Empire[41]
1462-1493: Bela V (Pest-Mojmir)[48]
1493-1536: John II (Pest-Mojmir)
1536-1573 : Matthias I "the Mighty" (Pest-Mojmir)
1573-1608: Matthias II (Pest-Mojmir)
1608-1634: John III (Pest-Mojmir)
1634-1636: John IV (Pest-Mojmir)
1636-1639: Sigismund I (Jagiellon Dynasty)[61]
1639-1651: Laszlo I "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1674: John V (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [70]
1674-1690: Matthias III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1690-1715: Laszlo II (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1715-1730: Laszlo III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [76]
1730-1758: Laszlo IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1758-1796: Matthias IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1796-1725: Stephen V (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)

Kings and Emperors of Poland

1290-1296: Premyslas II (Piast Dynasty)
1296-1305: Wenceslaus II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1305-1312: Wenceslaus III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1312-1336 : Konrad II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1336-1342: Frederick I (Premyslid Dynasty, also King of Bohemia)
1342-1368: Wenceslaus IV (Premyslid Dynasty, Personal Union between Bohemia and Poland continued)
1368-1375: Sigismund I (Premyslid Dynasty, Crowns of Poland and Bohemia formally merged)
1375-1398 : Wenceslaus V (Premyslid Dynasty)
1398-1443: Sigismund II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1443-1461: Frederick II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1461-1495: Sigismund III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1495-1528: Frederick III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1528-1547 : Sigismund IV "the Scholar" (Premyslid Dynasty)
1547: Konrad III "The Pretender" (Premsylid Dynasty)
1547-1601: Sigismund V (Jagiellon Dynasty) [55]
1601-1639: Sigismund VI(Jagiellon Dynasty) [61]
1639-1651: Ladislaus II "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1668: Ladislaus III (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1668-1696: Frederick IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1696-1703: Ladislaus IV (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1703-1760: Konrad III (Jagiellon Dynasty) [76]
1760-1768: Ladislaus V (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1768-1794: Konrad IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) [82]
1794-1859: Sigismund VII "The Pious, the Wise" (Jagiellon Dynasty)

Aragon
1319-1350: Pere IV (House of Aragon)
1350-1372: Tiago II (House of Aragon)
1372-1379: Pere V (House of Aragon)
1379-1402: Tiago III (House of Aragon)
1402-1420: Pere VI (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Tiago IV (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Juan II (House of Gonzaga)
1453-1470: Pere VII (House of Gonzaga)
1470-1496: Juan III (House of Gonzaga)
1496-1534: Tiago V (House of Gonzaga)
1534-1561 : Juan IV "the Cruel" (House of Gonzaga)
1561-1593: Tiago VI (House of Gonzaga)
1593-1624: Juan V (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
Inherited by Hispania[71]

Vladimir
1326-1360: Aleksandr II Mikhailovich (Tver Rurikids)[22]
1360-1362: Sucession war between Sigismund I (Premyslid) and Boris I (Tver Rurikids)
1362-1385: Boris I (Tver Rurikids)[28]
1385-1399 : Boris II (Tver Rurikids)
1400-1420: Boris III (Tver Rurikids)
1420-1452: Ivan II (Tver Rurikids)
1452-1470: Yuri II (Tver Rurikids)
1471-1492: Boris IV (Tver Rurikids)
1492-1528: Yuri III (Tver Rurikids)
1528-1553 : Dimitri I "the Magnificient" (Tver Rurikids)
1553-1586: Boris V (Tver Rurikids)
1586-1619: Dimitri II (Tver Rurikids)

Tsars of All Russias [62]
1586-1619: Dmitri II (Tver Rurikids)
1619-1627: Yuri IV "The Great" (Tver Rurikids)
1627-1642: Ivan III (Tver Rurikids)
1642-1668: Dmitri III (Tver Rurikids)
1668-1692: Boris VI "The German" (House von Oldenburg)[73]
1692-1721: Piotr I (House von Oldenburg)
1721-1755: Dmitri IV (House von Oldenburg) [76]
1755-1773: Michael I (House von Oldenburg)
1773-1793: Piotr II (House von Oldenburg)

Popes

1061-1073:Alexander II, Holy Roman Empire
1073-1099: Alexander III, Holy Roman Empire (born Anselm of Lucca, nephew to prior pope)
1099-1112 : Sylvester III, France
1112-1127: John XX, Norman Italy
1127-1141: Paschal II, France
1141: John XXI, Norman Italy
1141-1159: Paschal III, Aragon
1159-1163: Benedict X, Holy Roman Empire
1163-1192: Gregory VIII, Hungary
1192-1198: Paschal IV, England
1198-1215: Roanald I, France
1215: John XXII, France
1215-1220: Benedict XI, Norman Italy
1220: Leo X, France
1220-1239: Innocent II, Scotland
1239-1260: Bd. Paul I, Leon
1260-1278: Leo XI, Scotland
1278-1281: John XXIII, France
1281-1294: Benedict Paul II, France
1294-1312: Paschal V, France
1312-1327: Luke I, England [20]
1327-1342: Urban II, Milan
1342-1360: Gregory IX, Leon
1360-1376: Luke II, Switzerland [29]
1376-1412 : Urban III, Milan [33]
1412-1460: Martin II "The Young Pope", Sicily [35]
1424-1453 : Luke III, Flanders [38]
1430-1448: Urban IV, Rome [38]
1460-1469: Gregory X, Leon[42]
1453-1455 : John XXIV, Holy Roman Empire
1448-1470: Leo XI, France [43]
1455-1471: Benedict Paul III, Holy Roman Empire [43]
Interregnum 1469-1490 [43]
1490-1518: Leo XII, France [49]
1518-1539 : John XXV, Venice
1539-1542: Luke IV, Flanders
1542-1570: Benedict Paul IV, Milan
1570-1583: Luke V, Switzerland
1583-1591: Leo XIII, France
1591-1613: Gregory XI, Leon
1613-1633: Gregory XII, Tuscany [63]
1633-1647: Paul II, Sardinia
1647-1661: Leo XIV, Florence[71]
1661-1667: Leo XV, Italy
1667-1694: Paul III, Sicily
1694-1720: Paul IV, Papal State [75]
1720-1730: Paul V, Italy
1730-1753: Paul VI, Sicily [76]
1753-1765: Benedict XII, Italy
1765-1788: Luke VI, Italy
1788-1830: Urban V, Scandanavia [87]
1830-1863: Luke V, Italy [88]

[1] Died without leaving an heir and to prevent a crisis named his strongest ally, Thomas, heir to the throne
[2]Was a lord in English held Wales
[3]Declared himself Holy Roman Emperor with backing of Pope Paschal III
[4]Killed thousands of his own and was overthrown in a rebellion
[5]Deposed his own father as Emperor, and ruled as de facto King of Hungary until his father's death, at which point he became legal King.
[6]Great-grandson of Macbeth I, he saw his house's restoration to the Scottish throne with the help of Norway.
[7]Crowned at age 6. Died of smallpox at age 11.
[8]Frederick who claimed descent from Charlemagne, overthrew Andrew the Unlucky, and spent much of his reign in conflict with Bela II of Hungary.
[9] Bela was elected Holy Roman Emperor through the machinations of his father after Conrad I's death. Upon his father's death, he became King Bela III of Hungary, uniting once again the two thrones.
[10] Disappeared during a festival. With no immediate heirs, the event prompted a dynastic crisis and the throne remained empty for several years, with internal and external battles fought between various pretenders.
[11] Technically August of Scotland should have become king, but the Dukes didn't want a foreign ruler and asked Antoine de Flandre to become king instead
[12] Same man as Imre I, until the Khan of the Golden Horde decided that since he had two crowns, he should be two men. Last male member of the Arpads and last king of Hungary for quite some time.
[13] Louis's reign saw the beginning of the War of French Succession, where Macbeth IV attempted to claim the Throne with English support. Louis was killed in the Battle of Flanders.
[14] Stephan included the title of "King of Hungary" among his honors, though he never reclaimed Budapest or 'Old Hungary' from the Mongols during his lengthy reign.
[15] The reign of the Angelus Dynasty ended when Constantinople fell to the Golden Horde in 1275. Möngke Temür, Khan of the Golden Horde, drowned John III in molten gold after looting the city. The Horde were so impressed by the city's fortifications that they adopted it as their capital.
[16] Macbeth actually managed to be coronated in Paris after the Battle of Flanders, but his claim was never recognized by much of the realm, the War of French Succession continuing throughout his entire life.
[17] Alexius set up a court in exile in Cyprus, and considered himself the Roman Emperor.
[18] Last Scottish King to claim the crown of France. He was captured and was only released by Antoine II after he renounced the claims of his family to the crown of France.
[19] Descendant from a Bastard Line of the House of Arpad. Freed the country from the Mongols. He took the name of his household from his birthplace. Married Holy Roman Emperor Bela II's daughter to suspend any claims the Emperor could have had on Hungary.
[20] Archbishop Edward of Canterburry choosed this name because he considered Luke the Evangelist to be his model.
[21] Upon his death Cyprus was invaded by the Syrian Turks, ending the legacy of Rome
[22] The first Rus prince to overthrow the hold of the Mongols
[23] A papal bull established the emperorship as electoral, to avoid any more non-German rulers from taking over the Empire and using her resources for their own gain like the Arpads did. Interestingly, all of the electors were either members or allies of the Luxemburg house, who had supported the current pope's election
[24] Born and educated in Constantinople, Tuda Temur become a fervorous christian and, with the death of his father, he converted officially his empire. Even if most of the Golden Horde lands were lost to (both mongol and european) warlords, the core of former Byzantine Empire was kept.
[25] Spouse of Imre III, eldest daughter of the norman king Roger IV.
[26] Louis X died without issue, leaving the French throne to his nephew, Antoine, who ruled France as Antoine IV, and Castile as Antonio I.
[27] Grandson of Emperor Bela II through a bastard son. Took the throne of Hungary through marriage with Felicia. Inherited Constantinople from John IV, who died without issue. Lead successful Eastern Crusade, driving off the final remnants of the Golden Horde in the Balkans and Anatolia.
[28] Conflict for the Principality of Vladimir ended with recognition of Rurikid claim by Poland, with Hungary acting as mediator. In return, Hungary and Vladimir swore to support Poland's claim to the Throne of Bohemia.
[29] Papacy shifted to Constance at urging of House of Luxembourg.
[30] Due to tensions in Castille, Antoine IV/I decided to separate his possessions upon his death, entrusting France to his eldest son, Charles, and Castille to his second son, Robert.
[31] Assassinated under mysterious circumstances. Pope Urban III is suspected to have commandidated the murder, so that the Papacy could go back to Rome.
[32] Robert III of Scotland is a descendant of Alexander IV of England's eldest daughter. Due to an epidemy of Smallpox in the English Royal family, he found himself as the only heir to the English throne and was crowned as Robert IV. He proved unable to rule both kingdoms, which caused his assassination.
[33] Conflicted often with the Holy Roman Emperors because of his wish to bring the papacy back to Rome. Ultimately succeeded upon Conrad II's death.
[34] While leading a group of soldiers to confront a small tax rebellion in Savoie, Henri's cape became caught in his horse's saddle as he tried to dismount. The horse became alarmed and ran off, dragging the French king behind him. He died of his injuries several days later. The horse was later killed.
[35] Youngest reigning Pope. During his rule, he attempted to take advantage of civil unrest in the Middle East and called forth the Tenth Crusade. Also notable for personally leading the Christian forces during the initial invasion.
[36] Henry's death without issue saw a lengthy interregnum as the throne of France fought over by the Capet-Flanders of Castile, the Capet-Burgundys of Scotland, and the House of Luxembourg, amongst others.
[37] A member of the lower nobility, Alfred presented himself as a restorer of old English rule.
[38] Martin's efforts for a crusade recieved lukewarm support from all western Kingdoms save Leon, whose King Alphonso accompanied Martin and died in the field, and opposition in the East, who saw it as a needless folly. Despite this, Martin and his forces were able to take much of the north of Egypt. However, his constant demands for more support, and increasingly grandiose claims of papal supremacy caused the House of Luxembourg to sponsor the antipope Luke III, "the Pope of Constance". As the situation deteriorated, the French and various Italian princes supported their own candidate, Urban IV, "the Pope of Rome", finding Martin just as objectionable as Luke. The resulting Papal Schism would dominate much of the "Pope of Jerusalem's" reign.
[39]After the political instability in Castille, the House of Capet-Flanders lost power; The old house of Burgundy, much weakened by now, was chosen as it was a compromisse between the germans and british, and also had support in France.
[40]: title received due to the discovery of Terrarrica. After the expelling of the Jerusalem Pope from the Crusader lands, the leonese launched a small crusade to expel the last Moors from Iberia, and stabilished a new city near Murcia with the Terrarican gold.
[41]: The personal union developed into an official unification of both countries. The centralization of the Empire in Constatinople, but with Catholicism (Constance branch) as official religion, causing serious instabilities.
[42]: the Jerusalem Papacy, after defeats in the Holy Land and without a route to the east, was re-based in Leon, focusing in the Reconquista.
[43] Following the deaths of the Pope of Jerusalum and the Pope of Rome, Antoine V of France focused on attempting to reunite the two branches of Catholicism. The death of the Pope Benedict Paul III a year later was seen as a sign that all three branches must unify. For the next few years, all three seats remained empty as the cardinals of each branch attempted to work on a compromise.
[44] Shortest reigning Holy Roman Emperor, with a total rule of approximately eight hours. On the night of his coronation, Heinrich mistook a large open window as the entryway for a balcony. He subsequently fell several stories to his death.
[45] Due to a lack of male successors and a fear of other monarchs claiming the nation, after the death of Gaspar, his daughter, Isabella, inherited the throne. Isabella's reign saw a dramatic increase in the stability and prestige of Leon. Like her father, she funded a multitude of expeditions and made significant efforts to increase Leon's presence in the New World. For her achievements, she is often considered one of the Greatest European Monarchs and Mother Hispania.
[46] Due to the instabilities caused by the Catholic Emperor Stephen II, the Hungarian Dynasty is deposed by Constantine Psellos, an orthodox man who claimed to be descendent of Alexius I Comnenus. He declares himself Emperor of the Romans and the Byzantine Empire is restored, while Hungary succumbs into a serious civil war between the two surviving sons of Stephen; Bela and Benedek.
[47] Constantine held his "Eastern Roman Empire"--consisting largely of Constantinople and a small portion of the lands surrounding it, for twenty-three years, by regularly bribing the Hungarian Emperor, his Rurikid and Pole allies, and the Turks. Eventually, the Turks decided the bribes weren't big enough, leading to the Second Sacking of Constantinople by the ambitious Kilij Arslan VII of the Seljuk Rum. Constantine was killed in the assault, after which the Turks made themselves masters of Constantinople.
[48] After defeating his brother in the civil war, Bela had himself crowned "Roman Emperor in the East" in Buda-Pest, which was again made the capital. While Bela would occasionally make a motion at recapturing Constantinople, he considered the city more trouble than it was worth. Henceforth, the ruler of Hungary was the 'Roman Emperor of the East', commonly called the 'Hungarian Emperor'.
[49] After much debate, it was agreed that the Roman claim was correct, with the new Pope, Leo XII taking his name from his predecessor. The papacies of Constance and "Jerusalem"--presently based in Lisbon--are declared to be "archcardinalates"--a new rank invented specifically for this situation--allowed to "comment" and "elucidate" on the Pope's decisions.
[50] Only surviving son of Charles V, he was in a precarious situation at the beginning of his reign as his cousin, Duke Henri of Aquitaine, had his eyes on the crown. He proved to be very strong in politics, getting rid of his ennemies or isolating them. He also played an important role on European politics, being the most well informed thanks to his spies. Earned his nickname because it was said no fly could escape his web of agents.
Philip I was also very close to the people and did everything he could to weaken the French nobility's power.
[51] Isabella I of Leon married her eldest son, Alphonso, to the newly crowned Queen Maria I of Castille in 1524. When Alphonso IX ascended the throne, both he and Maria declared that their eldest son would inherit both the crowns of Castille and Leon.
[52] Sometimes called Arthur III because of the Arthurian legends. The most honest and benevolent king of his time, he never got along with Philip I of France whom he never trusted. Died peacefully in his sleep although conspiracist theory said the French king had him poisonned.
[53] Sadly, Alphonso and Maria died without issue. The throne of Leon went to Alphonso's brother Gaspar, the throne of Castile went to Maria's cousin, Ferdinand. However, both kings laid claim to the other throne, setting off a lengthy war that increased resentment and rivalry between the two kingdoms.
[54] Was a teenage vassal of Joan II but gained support among the people and lords as he claimed descent from Robert I. Fought a brutal civil war with Joan that ended in Joan's death at the hands of an assassin. Fought on and off wars with France but was always victorious.
[55] When Sigismund IV died without issue, Konrad, a low-level noble of dubious origin claimed the throne, citing illegitimate descent from Sigismund III. He was opposed by most of the nobles of Poland, the Prince of Vladimir, and the Emperor of Hungary. After his reign, young Sigismund V, of the House of Jagiellon, was given the throne under regency. He proved an able and wise King.
[56] Sulyeman VII was overthrown by Matthias the Mighty, ending the rule of the Rum Seljuk over Constantinople. Matthias chose to keep the capital at Budapest, and instead gave rule of the city of Constantinople to the Patriarch, a state of affairs that his descendents maintained.
[57] After Douglas II died without male issue -- his only son having died on a French battlefield -- Alfred inheritted the Scottish throne through his mother; his dual reign is compared very favorably with that of Robert the Scot.
[58] After the death of Antonio, Juan V of Aragon proved to be the next of kin. Already King of Navarre and Sicily, Juan proved to be an important figure in Iberian politics
[59] Charles V proved to be the last Emperor to be important because he was Emperor. After his death, a struggle between the Wittlesbachs, Hohenstaufens, and the Romanofs of Sweden-Norway borke the Empire's stability
[60] To streamline things, Alfred V/I merged the kingdoms into the Kingdom of Albion by royal decree (What's that? An elected body of officials called Parliament calling the shots in Britain? How absurd!). William II/I maintained this, and added Ireland, to boot, and the Act is still enforced today. William II was also the last king of England to hold land in France, for his reign saw Bretagne and Normandy fall to the French, though the heir apparent of England is still titled "Duke of Normandy".
[61] After the death of Emperor John, the line passed through his dead sister to her son, Sigismund Jagiellon, the King of Poland and Bohemia. Sigismund was wholly uninterested in the country, and this marks the beginning of Hungary's slow decline
[62] In 1608 Prince Yuri marched down with a massive army and took Constantinople from the Magyars, crowning himself Tsar of All Russias in the process. By this point, Constantinople was a shadow of its former glory, so Yuri returned home to Suzdal. Yuri is also, through a bizarre and labyrinthine series of inheritances, the technical king of Jerusalem, though that claim is maintained only to give the Coat of Arms some cool imagery
[63] At this point more and more popes were being selected from Italian statelets
[64] The Sultanate continued on after losing Constaninople to the Hungarians, and became the preeminent power in the Middle East.
[65] Carlos I of Aragon and Castille had been married with Infante Isabella of Leon. An epidemy of smallpox in the royal family left Isabella as the sole heir to the crown of Leon, virtually merging Castille, Aragon and Leon.
[66] Ludwig of Baden's candidature had very few chances of succeeding. Yet, because of the struggle between the Hohenstaufen, Romanovs and Wittelsbach, who were doing everything so that one of their rivals wouldn't get the crown, the electors designated him. Ludwig IV was a good emperor, but he sadly spent the majority of his reign to play as an arbiter between the three rival houses. According to some, he died of exhaustion.
[67] In November 1624, Robert of Arran, a descendant of Macbeth VII, rose in uprising againt the English Kings as he opposed the act of Union. He was crowned as Robert IV and fought for independance. He fell in Battle in March 1625 and the rebels, deprived of their leaders, surrendered to the William III. This was the only serious uprising immediately after the union of Scotland and England.
[68] Laszlo I was more competent than his father, but the rule of Sigismund I had turned the Hungarian nobility against the Emperor. Laszlo I would be the last Emperor to reign relatively unopposed, despite some huge political fights with the nobility. He earned his surname many years later, as he was the first who saw the Twilight of the Hungarian Empire.
[69] The next election for Holy Roman Emperor ended in charges of corruption and fraud, with every participant claiming to have won, and been cheated by the others. Over a decade of inconclusive fighting and dubious claiments ended with the formal dissolution of the "Empire" into a group of independent states.
[70] The ascent of Laszlo II--a known opponent of the Magyar nobility--to the throne convinced the gentry that enough was enough. The Hungarian Senate met, formally deposed Laszlo and his line, and installed a distant cousin, John of Bucharest, who took as his house name "Mojmir-Arpad". The Fifteen Year War between Poland and Hungary was devastating for both nations, but ended with Hungary seperated from Poland, and the throne of Poland gaining recognition as an imperial throne in its own right.
[71] Ferdinand V formally merged all the crowns he controlled as he recognized the legitimacy of the italian crown, convincing the Pope to give him the title of Emperor of Hispania.
[72] Shortly after the partial dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Pietro de Medici, who was grand duke of Tuscany and besieged Milan, used his influence with the pope (a Medici himself, and Pietro's uncle) to achieve the Italian crown. Such realm was not, obviously, recognized by many of the german sucessor states, but it slowly got legitimacy, specially after the Iberian merging.
[73] The death of Dmitri III with no heir caused the Russians to look for a relation able to take the throne. The best available candidate was Ernest of the now dispossessed House of von Oldenberg, who took the reign name of Boris as a sign of his devotion to his new homeland. Having only a limited understanding of Russian custom, Boris's reign saw the Russian Senate taking a dominant role in the governing of Great Rus.
[74] Philip III, being mad, was never married and died without issue. The succession then went to Charles, Count of Champagne, Philip III's cousin and a descendant of Philip I.
[75] Gave the Papal State a small island in Terrarrica (OTL Barbados) as a gift. Due to the Papal State's lack of seafaring capabilities however, the island remained under de facto Hispapanian control until the mid 1800s, when it became home to the Archcardinalate of Jerusalem.
[76] Antoine VI launched the Italian Wars in 1721, with Bavaria and Baden as his allies, by invading of northern Italy, claiming to be in support of his 'oppressed allies' in Genoa and Venice. (Hispania, though disliking the new Italian state, which it felt threatened its holdings in Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica, was equally threatened by French interest in Tolosa and Marsiho, and so rebuffed Antoine's efforts for an alliance.) Antoine's invasion met spirited resistance from the Italians and condemnation from the Pope. In 1722, Albion, Luxembourg, and Hungary came to the assistance of Italy, hoping to restrain French power. (Albion and Luxembourg both hoped to gain land from France as well.) This brought Scandinavia and Swabia into the war in 1723, which brought Poland and Russia into the war in 1724. The whole affair ended in 1727 with thousands dead, and little changes in the international scene, the big losers being Swabia, which lost several eastern provinces to Poland, and Scandinavia, which lost Finland to Russia.
[77] Philip IV never approved the foreign politics of his father, though he participated in the Italian Wars. The bloodbath that engulfed Europe shocked him, especially when his eldest brother Louis died on the battlefield. When Antoine VI finally died, Philip IV did everything he could to erase the misdeeds of his father and restore France's image. By the end of his reign, France was once again seen as a respectable nation.
[78] While the Holy Roman Empire existed, Thuringia was ruled by another royal house, the Ludowinger Dynasty. In 1639, Hermann III, the last Ludowinger King of Thuringia died ans the throne passed to his daughter, whom had married Augustus II of Saxony. The major powers of the Holy Roman Empire, namely the competing houses for the Holy Roman Emperor crown, didn't wish for a Saxon-Thuringia Union and appealed to Emperor Ludwig IV. When Augustus II of Saxony died in 1645, Saxony and Thuringia were partitionned between his two sons. They were only recognized as Independant Kings once the Holy Roman Empire exploded.
[79] Alexander VI died without sons. Shortly before his death, he passed a law allowing women to succeed the crown, but only if a king had no longer any sons. This allowed Elisabeth I to take the crown. Though she is remembered for her great beauty, Elisabeth I was far from stupid : today, she is remembered as the first female monarch of Albion but also as one of its greatest.
[80] After Alp Arslan VI's death, the Seljuk Sultanate was left without an heir to the throne. The nobles formally elected Abdel Aziz Osmanli, the wealthiest, wisest and most powerful of them all, to suceed the Sultan.
[81] Edmund was king Alexander VI's brother and thus Elisabeth I's uncle. He was known for his administrative skills but also for his huge ambition. While his brother was aging, he acted more and more like he was the King. He opposed his niece when she succeeded the crown and tried to make Scotland secede. While at first he rallied all those opposing Elisabeth, he proved to be a tyran and was soon abandonned. Six month after his rebellion, he was betrayed by Duke Richard of York, his best friend, who brought him before Elisabeth. Richard of York was pardoned while Edmund was beheaded.
[82] William V of Albion was the son of Elisabeth and her consort, Prince Charles of Luxembourg, who took the house name of "Monmouth-von Luxembourg". Being of a prideful nature, he started what in France, England and Hispania are known as "the Colonial Wars", and what are known in the East and the German states as "the Wars of Betrayal". William sought to improve Albion's power by increasing its colonial holdings in North Terrarica, his mother's careful project. He planned to do this by seizing France and Hispania's holdings, both far more extensive than Albion's. In this he had the encouragement of his uncle, Otto XIII of Luxembourg, who assured him that if he made his move, Luxembourg would declare war on France. Thus distracted, France would be unable to pursuse a full-scale war, leaving Albion to face only Hispania--which would not want to commit too many resources to preserving the significantly poorer northern colonies. In 1775, William made his move. However, while Luxembourg DID declare war on France, most of its energies were spent persecuting France's allies in the German states, specifically Saxony and Thuringia. This caused Poland, Baden, and Bavaria to declare war on Luxembourg's allies Brandenburg and Swabia. Albion found itself facing the combined might of Hispania and France with virtually no support. By the war's end in 1883, Albion had lost most of its colonies in Terrarica, Hispania ruled the waves, France became the primary colonial power in North Terrarica, Luxembourg absorbed Thuringa and most of Saxony--Scandinavia, a latecomer to the war, getting the rest--Poland absorbed Brandenburg, and Baden and Bavaria split Swabia between them. William drank himself to death, a broken man, while Otto enjoyed a reputation as the most devious monarch in Europe, as people whispered of secret treaties, and treacherous agreements between supposed enemies.
[83] Pietro travelled extensively throughout Europe and Terrarica in his youth, gaining an admiration for the Eastern Empires and a hearty contempt for much of the West. Why is it, he would ask, that the Western monarch may be no more than a king, and rule no more than a tiny province, and yet he demands absolute power over his land and all who live in it, while the Emperors of the East rule over vast lands, and see themselves as servants of the State? He even compared Russia's conquest of the East 'where they have sought to educate and improve those savages that God has seen to place under their rule', to Hispania's 'brutal enslavement' of Terrarica's natives. All this talk was seen as the idle chatter of a gadfly--until Pietro's elder brother Lorenzo died, followed by his father, making him the King of Italy. Pietro "easternized" his court, creating a Senate, and freeing the serfs. The success of his reforms--less remarkable when one considers that he ruled over a heavily urbanized state which contained in it several former republics--created an enthusiasm for "easternization" throughout much of Western Europe, especially among younger nobles and the growing middle class.
[84] As the Colonial War raged on across Europe and Terrarica, war exhaustion began to grow throughout France and its holdings. In an attempt to please prevent a full-scale revolution, Louis XIII instituted a number of government reforms limiting the power of future monarchs, and granting more to the peasantry. This had the effect of making him very unpopular among the aristocracy but loved by the lower classes.
[85] Although Otto's move dramatically increased Luxemburg's temporal power, it also made Luxemburg the most hated nation in all of Europe and drastically reduced the nation's prestige. Peter's more confrontational personality only worsened matters. Although he won the war, Luxemburg was shunned by the other nations and their merchants were banned from most centers of trade. Peter also became the first monarch to be excommunicated by the Church in several centuries after agents from Luxemburg were discovered attempting to infiltrate the Vatican. Many Luxembourgish fled in seek of stability in neighboring countries. He did not live to see the massive revolts that would spread throughout the country after his death.
[86] Paul is remembered for having close ties with the Papacy. Aside from guaranteeing the Papal State's independence, he also worked with the Church to send a significant force of missionaries to the East. The canonization process began almost immediately after his death.
[87] Urban reported to have had a dream of the Church becoming filled with corruption. Fearing that this was a prophetic vision from God, he established the role of the Inquisitor within the Church. The purpose of this official is to monitor the clergy to prevent any abuses or scandals. He was viewed with distrust by many of his peers as a result of his country of origin.
[88] With massive cultural, technological and political changes occuring around the world Luke called the First Council of Rome, to deal with rising contemporary issues and redefine vital Church doctrine. The most prominent decision made by the council was its definition of Papal Infallibility. (The Decision on this is same as our own)

 

[Yorel]

I claim next.

EDIT : I changed the numerotation of the Henris in France because they were at least three Henri V and two Henri VI...

Monarchs of France

987-996:Hugh Capet (Capetian Dynasty)
996-1025: Robert II (Capetian Dynasty)
1025-1056 : Hugh II Magnus (Capetian Dynasty, eldest son of Robert II)
1056-1074: Hugh III (Capetian Dynasty)
1074-1101: Robert III (Capetian Dynasty)
1101-1102: Hugh IV (end of Capetian Dynasty)
1102-1129: Eudes II le Pieux (Capet-Burgundy)
1129-1147: Guy I (Capet-Burgundy)
1147-1178: Louis VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1178-1201: Henri I (Capet-Burgundy)
1201-1205: Henri II (Capet-Burgundy)
1205-1214 : Guy II (Capet-Burgundy)
1214-1246 : Louis VII "the Great" (Capet-Burgundy, under regency from 1214 to 1220)
1246-1269: Louis VIII "the Small" (Capet-Burgundy)
1269-1298: (Saint) Henri III "The Saint" (Capet-Burgundy)
1298-1312: Antoine I (Capet-Flanders) [11]
1312-1316: Louis IX (Capet-Flanders) [13]
1316-1350: Antoine II the Wise (Capet-Flanders)
1350-1357: Antoine III (Capet-Flanders)
1357-1390: Louis X (Capet-Flanders)
1390-1423: Antoine IV (Capet-Flanders)[26]
1423-1462 : Charles IV "the Good" (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1462-1465: Henri IV "The King of Fools" (Capet-Flanders) [34]
Interregnum: 1465-1473 [36]
1473 - 1488: Louis XI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)[39]
1488 - 1520: (Saint) Antoine V, "The Holy" [43]
1520 - 1525: Charles V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1525 - 1563 : Philip I "the Spider" (House of New Capet-Burgundy) [50]
1563-1602: Henri V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1602-1616: Philip II (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1616-1629: Henri VI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1629-1654: Louis XII (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1654-1668: Henri VII (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1668-1670: Philip III "The Mad" (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1670-1702: Charles VI (House of Champagne) [74]
1702- 1719: Henri VIII (House of Champagne)
1719-1738: Antoine VI "the Bloody" (House of Champagne) [76]
1738-1774: Philip IV "The Redeemer" (House of Champagne) [77]
1774-1798: Henri IX "the Victorious" (House of Champagne) [82]
1798-1853: Louis XIII "Father of the People" (House of Champagne) [84]
1853-1892: Louis XIV "the Great" (House of Champagne) [89]

Monarchs of Castille

1037-1065: Ferdinand I "The Great" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1065-1090: Garcia II "The Unlikely" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1090-1120 : Ferdinand II (Jimenez Dynasty, son of Garcia II)
1120-1132: Jimena I (Jimenez Dynasty, first female ruler of Castille, Leon, and Galicia)
1132-1137: Javier I (Jimenez Dynasty, sudden death kills off the Dynasty)
1137-1274: Under Leon
1274-1299: Guillermo I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1299-1331: Guillermo II (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1331-1342: Guillermo III (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1342-1360: Roberto I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1360-1389: Vicente I (Capet-Flanders)
1389-1423: Antonio I (Capet-Flanders) [26]
1423-1457: Roberto II (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1457-1460: Antonio II (Capet-Flanders)
1460-1483: Vicente II (Capet Flanders) [36]
1483-1490: Guillermo IV (Capet Flanders)
1490-1516: Antonio III (Capet Flanders)
1516-1557 : Maria I "the Gentle" (Capet-Flanders) [51]
1557-1572: Ferdinand III (Capet-Flanders)[53]
1572-1603: Antonio IV (Capet-Flanders)
1603-1624: Juan I (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1654-1660: Isabella I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]

Kings of Leon
1137-1140: Sancho III (Astur Dynasty, Castille is now part of Leon)
1140-1157: Sancho IV (Astur Dynasty)
1157-1182: Jorge I (Astur Dynasty)
1182-1193: Sancho V (Astur Dynasty)
1193-1214: Ramiro IV (Astur Dynasty, dies without heir. Dynasty is overthrown)
1214-1236: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1236-1241: Pedro I (Romaniv Dynasty)
1241-1248: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1248-1260: Ferdinand II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1260-1265: Alphonso VI "the Child" (Romaniv Dynasty) [7]
Interregnum 1265-1278
1260-1265: Gaspar I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1265-1292: Gaspar II (Corte-Real)
1292-1307: Paulino III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1307-1324: Alphonso VII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1324-1357: Ferdinand III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1357-1370: Gaspar III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1370-1392: Ferdinand IV (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1392-1437 : Alphonso VIII "the Warrior" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1437-1487: Gaspar V "The Scholar" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1487-1515: Gaspar VI "The Golden" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[40]
1515-1540: Isabella I "The High Queen" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [45]
1540-1563: Alphonso IX "The Handsome" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [51]
1563-1588: Gaspar VII "The Good" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[53]
1588-1615: Gaspar VIII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1615-1649: Alphonso X "The Great" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]

Emperors of Hispania
1673-1691: Ferdinand V (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1691-1704: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1704-1750: Carlos III (Corte-Real Dynasty) [75]
1750-1782: Diego I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]
1782-1819: Diego II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]
1819-1874: Felipe I "the Long" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [90]

Holy Roman Emperors

912-973:Otto I (Ottonian Dynasty)
973-992: Liudolf I "The Saxon" (Ottonian Dynasty, later known as Saxon Dynasty after Liudolf's powerbase and Anglo-Saxon ancestry)
992-1024 : Otto II (Saxon Dynasty, son of Liudolf I)
1024-1048: Liudolf II (Saxon Dynasty)
1048-1062: Otto III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062: Liudolf III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062-1079: Heinrich II der Lowenhertz (Liutpolding Dynasty, aka Bavarian Dynasty)
1079-1104: Otto IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1104-1126: Charles IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1126-1131: Heinrich III (end of Bavarian Dynasty)
1131-1152: Stephen III "The Hungarian" (Arpad Dynasty) [3]
1153-1181: Bruno I (II) (Arpad Dynasty) [5]
1181-1192 : Andrew II "the Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty)
1192-1213 : Frederick I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)[8]
1213-1223 : Conrad I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1224-1264: Bela I (III) (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Heinrich IV (Arpad Dynasty) [12]
1281-1315: Stephan IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14]
1315-1332 : Bela II (Mojmir Dynasty)
1332-1359: Otto VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [23]
1359-1390: Heinrich V (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1390-1392: Otto VIII (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1392-1410 : Conrad II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [31]
1410-1438: Otto IX (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1438-1471: Heinrich VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [36]
1471-1471: Heinrich VII (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [44]
1471-1478: Otto X (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1478-1493 : Conrad III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1493-1522: Conrad IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1522-1554 : Charles V (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1554-1574: Otto XI (Von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1574-1607: Heinrich VIII (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1607-1636: Charles V (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [59]
1636-1648: Ludwig IV "the Unexpected" (House of Baden) [66]
The Great Dispute [69]

Kings of Bavaria (Wittelsbach Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1666: Charles VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1666-1689: Ludwig V (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1689-1727: Ludwig VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [76]
1727-1759: Maximilian I (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1759-1788: Maximilian II (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [82]
1788-1830: Maximilian III (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1830-1872: Charles VII (Wittelsbach Dynasty)

Kings of Swabia (Hohenstaufen Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1672: Frederick II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1672-1694: Frederick III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1694-1701: Conrad V (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1701-1738: Frederick IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [76]
1738-1767: Heinrich IX (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1767-1783: Frederick V "the Last" (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [82]
Absorbed by Baden and Bavaria

Grand Dukes of Baden and Switzerland (Baden Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1657: Franz I (House of Baden)
1657-1690: Ulrich I (House of Baden)
1690-1738: Franz II (House of Baden) [76]
1738-1762: Karl Franz I (House of Baden)
1762-1784: Ulrich II (House of Baden) [82]
1784-1800: Franz III (House of Baden)

Kings of Luxembourg, Hesse, Hanover, and the Rhine (Von Luxembourg Claimants to the HRE)
1636-1669: Otto XII (von Luxembourg)
1669-1688: Heinrich VII (von Luxembourg)
1688-1727: Heinrich VIII (von Luxembourg) [76]
1727-1749: Charles VI (Von Luxembourg)
1749-1798: Otto XIII "the Old" "the Fortunate" (Von Luxembourg) [82]
1798-1820: Heinrich IX (Von Luxembourg)
1820-1883: Peter I "The Wretched King" (Von Luxembourg) [85]
1883-1892: Peter II

Kings of Scandinavia (Romanov Claimants to the HRE)
1642-1667: Gustav IV (Romanov)
1667-1684: Nicholas III (Romanov)
1684-1716: Gustav V (Romanov)
1716-1745: Nicholas IV (Romanov) [76]
1745-1778: Michael I (Romanov)
1778-1806: Michael II (Romanov) [82]
1806-1858: Gustav VI "The Ice King" (Romanov)
1858-1883: Nicholas V (Romanov)

Kings of Saxony
1648-1681: Augustus III (House of Wettin) [78]
1681-1703: John II (House of Wettin)
1703-1739: Albert IV (House of Wettin)
1739-1762: Ernest II (House of Wettin)
1762-1783: Ernest III "the Hapless" (House of Wettin) [82]
Absorbed by Luxembourg and Scandinavia

Kings of Thuringia
1648-1662: Hermann IV (House of Wettin) [78]
1662-1691: Balthasar I (House of Wettin)
1691-1728: Balthasar II (House of Wettin)
1728-1753: Johann Friedriech II (House of Wettin)
1753-1783: Balthasar III "the Mournful" (House of Wettin)
Absorbed by Luxembourg

Kings of Brandenburg
1648-1654: Joachim III (House of Hohenzollern)
1654-1688: Frederick V (House of Hohenzollern)
1688-1714: Sigismund II (House of Hohenzollern)
1714-1761: William I (House of Hohenzollern)
1761-1783: William II "the Conquered" (House of Hohenzollern)
Absorbed by Poland

Kings of Italy
1650-1671: Pietro I (House of Medici)[72]
1671-1692: Lorenzo I (House of Medici)
1692-1728: Lorenzo II (House of Medici) [76]
1728-1764: Juliano I (House of Medici)
1764-1798: Pietro II "the Good" "the Just" (House of Medici) [83]
1798-1830: (Saint) Pietro III "Messenger of God" (House of Medici) [86]
1830-1873: Lorenzo III "the Artist" (House of Medici)

Monarchs of England and Albion:

1066-1085: William I "The Conquerer" (Norman Dynasty)
1085-1134: Robert I "Curthose" (Norman Dynasty)
1134-1150: William II (Norman Dynasty, son of Robert I)
1150-1162: Hugh I (Norman Dynasty)
1162-1193: Alexander I (Norman Dynasty, named after the Greek Emperor)
1193-1195: Alexander II (Norman Dynasty)
1195-1220: Robert II (Penthievre Dynasty, also Duke Roper I of Britanny)
1220-1243: Godfrey I (Penthievre Dynasty)
1243-1268 : Arthur I (Penthievre Dynasty, sometimes called "Arthur II" because of the Arthurian legends) [1]
1268-1304: Thomas I (FitzOsbern Dynasty) [2]
1304-1314: Robert III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1314-1321: Thomas II (FitzOsbern Dynasy)
1321-1344 : Alexander III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1344-1357 : Godfrey II (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1357-1362: Alexander IV (House of Warwick)
1362-1380: Alexander V (House of Warwick)
1380: Godfrey III (House of Warwick)
1380-1387: Robert IV "the Scot" (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1401: Alfred II (House of Wessex) [37]
1401-1446: Edward IV (House of Wessex)
1446-1468: Alfred III (House of Wessex)
1468-1481: Robert V (House of Wessex)
1481-1515: Alfred IV (House of Wessex)
1515-1549 : Arthur II "the Chivalrous" (House of Wessex) [52]
1549-1592: Harold I "the Welsh" (House of Monmouth)
1592-1624: Alfred V (House of Monmouth) [57]
1624-1642: William III (House of Monmouth) [60]
1642-1668: Harold II (House of Monmouth)
1668-1679: William IV (House of Monmouth)
1679-1688: Robert VI (House of Monmouth)
1688-1713: Edmund III (House of Monmouth)
1713-1740: Alexander VI (House of Monmouth) [76]
1740-1774: Elisabeth I "the Beautiful" (House of Monmouth) [79]
1774-1785: William V "the Proud" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg [82]
1785-1803: Harold III "the Unwise" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [91]

Eastern Roman Empire
1081-1118: Alexius I (Comnenus Dynasty)
1118-1127: Alexius II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1127-1146: Isaac II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1146-1158: Isaac III (Comnenus Dynasty)
1158-1162: Issac IV "The wicked" (Comnenus Dynasty overthrown in Rebellion) [4]
1162-1173: Alexius III (Angelus Dynasty)
1173-1188 : John II (Angelus Dynasty)
1188-1199 : Constantine XI (Angelus Dynasty)
1199-1236 : Constantine XII "the Beloved" (Angelus Dynasty)
1236-1238: Alexius IV "the Leper" (Angelus Dynasty)
1238-1271: Michael V (Angelus Dynasty)
1271-1275: John III (Angelus Dynasty)
1275-1287: Möngke Temür(Golden Horde) [15]
1287-1302 : Möngke II (Golden Horde)
1302-1342: Subotai Temur (Golden Horde)
1342-1377: John IV "The Christian"(Temurius Dinasty)[24]
1377-1388: Stephen I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela I (Pest-Mojmir)
1449-1461: Stephen II (Pest-Mojmir)[41]
1461-1484: Constantine XIII (XIV) ''the Restorer'' (Comnenus-Psellos Dynasty) [46]

Sultanate of Seljuk Rum
1484-1501: Kilij Arslan VII (Seljuk Rum) [47]
1501-1519: Suleyman Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1519-1534 : Suleyman Arslan VI "the Just" (Seljuk Rum)
1534-1536: Suleyman Arslan VII "the Weak" (Seljuk Rum)[56]
1536-1564: Alp Arslan III (Seljuk Rum) [64]
1564-1579: Alp Arslan IV (Seljuk Rum)
1579-1622: Kilij Arslan VIII (Seljuk Rum)
1622-1637: Mehmet Arslan I (Seljuk Rum)
1637-1648: Mehmet Arslan II (Seljuk Rum)
1648-1662: Alp Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1662-1689: Kilij Arslan IX (Seljuk Rum)
1689-1704: Mehmet Arslan III (Seljuk Rum)
1704-1728: Alp Arslan VI (Seljuk Rum)
1728-1754: Abdel Aziz I (House of Osman) [80]
1754-1779: Alp Arslan VII (House of Osman)
1779-1798: Mehmet Arslan IV (House of Osman)
1798-1830: Abdel Aziz II (House of Osman)
1830-1871: Selim I (House of Osman)

Emperors of Cyprus
1277-1314: Alexius V (Angelus Dynasty) [17]
1314-1335 : John IV (Angelus Dynasty)
1335-1349: Constantine XIII "The Last" [21]

Monarchs of Scotland
1058-1093: Malcolm III (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1093-1102: Duncan II (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1102-1114: Andrew I (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1114-1125: Malcolm IV (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1125-1148: Macbeth II (Alban Dynasty) [6]
1148-1155 : Andrew II (Alban Dynasty)
1155-1157 : Edgar I "the Brief" (Alban Dynasty)
1157-1172 : Duncan III (Alban Dynasty)
1172-1214 : Macbeth III (Alban Dynasty)
1214-1238: Edgar II (Alban Dynasty)
1238-1252: Robert I (Alban Dynasty) [10]
1252-1288: August I (Capet-Burgundy)
1288-1302: August II (Capet-Burgundy), claimed the French throne as August I
1302-1324: Macbeth IV (Capet-Burgundy, claimed French Throne as Macbet I) [15]
1324-1332: Robert II/IV (Capet-Burgundy) [18]
1332-1356: Joan I (Capet-Burgundy)
1356-1360: August III "The Old" (Capet-Burgundy)
1360-1374: August IV "the Young" (Capet-Burgundy)
1374-1387 : Robert III (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1426: Macbeth V (Capet-Burgundy)
1426-1468: August V (Capet-Burgundy) [36]
1468-1493: Macbeth VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1493-1510: Macbeth VII (Capet-Burgundy)
1510-1524 : Joan II (Capet-Burgundy)
1524-1564: Douglas I (Strathclyde Dynasty) [54]
1564-1602: Douglas II (Strathclyde Dynasty)
1592-1624: Alfred I (House of Monmouth) [57]
Merged with England in the Royal Unification Act of 1601 [60]
1624-1625 : Robert IV "the King of the Winter" (Capet-Burgundy) [67]
1740: Edmund IV "the Bad" (House of Monmouth) [81]

Kings and Emperors of Hungary
1116-1131: Stephen II (Arpad Dynasty)
1131-1167: Stephen III (Arpad Dynasty)
1167-1181: Bruno II (Arpad Dynasty)
1181-1183: Andrew II "The Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty, lost the Hungarian crown, but kept the Holy Roman one)
1183-1203 : Bela II (Arpad Dynasty, brother of Andrew II)
1203-1230 : Stephen IV (Arpad Dynasty)
1230-1264: Bela III (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Imre I (Arpad Dynasty)
(1281-1315: Stephen IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14])
1321-1338 : Imre II "the Liberator" (House of Buda) [19]
1338-1358: Imre III "the Weakling" (House of Buda-Arpad)
1358-1360: Felicia of Sicily(House of Hauteville)[25]
1360-1388: Stephen V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela IV (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1449-1452: Stephen VI (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [41]
Hungary officially united with Eastern Roman Empire[41]
1462-1493: Bela V (Pest-Mojmir)[48]
1493-1536: John II (Pest-Mojmir)
1536-1573 : Matthias I "the Mighty" (Pest-Mojmir)
1573-1608: Matthias II (Pest-Mojmir)
1608-1634: John III (Pest-Mojmir)
1634-1636: John IV (Pest-Mojmir)
1636-1639: Sigismund I (Jagiellon Dynasty)[61]
1639-1651: Laszlo I "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1674: John V (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [70]
1674-1690: Matthias III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1690-1715: Laszlo II (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1715-1730: Laszlo III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [76]
1730-1758: Laszlo IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1758-1796: Matthias IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1796-1725: Stephen VII (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1725-1763: Sigismund II (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)

Kings and Emperors of Poland

1290-1296: Premyslas II (Piast Dynasty)
1296-1305: Wenceslaus II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1305-1312: Wenceslaus III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1312-1336 : Konrad II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1336-1342: Frederick I (Premyslid Dynasty, also King of Bohemia)
1342-1368: Wenceslaus IV (Premyslid Dynasty, Personal Union between Bohemia and Poland continued)
1368-1375: Sigismund I (Premyslid Dynasty, Crowns of Poland and Bohemia formally merged)
1375-1398 : Wenceslaus V (Premyslid Dynasty)
1398-1443: Sigismund II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1443-1461: Frederick II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1461-1495: Sigismund III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1495-1528: Frederick III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1528-1547 : Sigismund IV "the Scholar" (Premyslid Dynasty)
1547: Konrad III "The Pretender" (Premsylid Dynasty)
1547-1601: Sigismund V (Jagiellon Dynasty) [55]
1601-1639: Sigismund VI(Jagiellon Dynasty) [61]
1639-1651: Ladislaus II "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1668: Ladislaus III (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1668-1696: Frederick IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1696-1703: Ladislaus IV (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1703-1760: Konrad III (Jagiellon Dynasty) [76]
1760-1768: Ladislaus V (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1768-1794: Konrad IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) [82]
1794-1859: Sigismund VII "The Pious, the Wise" (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1859-1862: Wenceslaus VI "the Sick" (Jagiellon Dynasty) [92]

Aragon
1319-1350: Pere IV (House of Aragon)
1350-1372: Tiago II (House of Aragon)
1372-1379: Pere V (House of Aragon)
1379-1402: Tiago III (House of Aragon)
1402-1420: Pere VI (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Tiago IV (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Juan II (House of Gonzaga)
1453-1470: Pere VII (House of Gonzaga)
1470-1496: Juan III (House of Gonzaga)
1496-1534: Tiago V (House of Gonzaga)
1534-1561 : Juan IV "the Cruel" (House of Gonzaga)
1561-1593: Tiago VI (House of Gonzaga)
1593-1624: Juan V (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
Inherited by Hispania[71]

Vladimir
1326-1360: Aleksandr II Mikhailovich (Tver Rurikids)[22]
1360-1362: Sucession war between Sigismund I (Premyslid) and Boris I (Tver Rurikids)
1362-1385: Boris I (Tver Rurikids)[28]
1385-1399 : Boris II (Tver Rurikids)
1400-1420: Boris III (Tver Rurikids)
1420-1452: Ivan II (Tver Rurikids)
1452-1470: Yuri II (Tver Rurikids)
1471-1492: Boris IV (Tver Rurikids)
1492-1528: Yuri III (Tver Rurikids)
1528-1553 : Dimitri I "the Magnificient" (Tver Rurikids)
1553-1586: Boris V (Tver Rurikids)
1586-1619: Dimitri II (Tver Rurikids)

Tsars of All Russias [62]
1586-1619: Dmitri II (Tver Rurikids)
1619-1627: Yuri IV "The Great" (Tver Rurikids)
1627-1642: Ivan V (Tver Rurikids)
1642-1668: Dmitri III (Tver Rurikids)
1668-1692: Boris VI "The German" (House von Oldenburg)[73]
1692-1721: Piotr I (House von Oldenburg)
1721-1755: Dmitri IV (House von Oldenburg) [76]
1755-1773: Michael I (House von Oldenburg)
1773-1793: Piotr II (House von Oldenburg)
1793-1841: Ivan VI (House von Oldenburg)

Popes

1061-1073:Alexander II, Holy Roman Empire
1073-1099: Alexander III, Holy Roman Empire (born Anselm of Lucca, nephew to prior pope)
1099-1112 : Sylvester III, France
1112-1127: John XX, Norman Italy
1127-1141: Paschal II, France
1141: John XXI, Norman Italy
1141-1159: Paschal III, Aragon
1159-1163: Benedict X, Holy Roman Empire
1163-1192: Gregory VIII, Hungary
1192-1198: Paschal IV, England
1198-1215: Roanald I, France
1215: John XXII, France
1215-1220: Benedict XI, Norman Italy
1220: Leo X, France
1220-1239: Innocent II, Scotland
1239-1260: Bd. Paul I, Leon
1260-1278: Leo XI, Scotland
1278-1281: John XXIII, France
1281-1294: Benedict Paul II, France
1294-1312: Paschal V, France
1312-1327: Luke I, England [20]
1327-1342: Urban II, Milan
1342-1360: Gregory IX, Leon
1360-1376: Luke II, Switzerland [29]
1376-1412 : Urban III, Milan [33]
1412-1460: Martin II "The Young Pope", Sicily [35]
1424-1453 : Luke III, Flanders [38]
1430-1448: Urban IV, Rome [38]
1460-1469: Gregory X, Leon[42]
1453-1455 : John XXIV, Holy Roman Empire
1448-1470: Leo XI, France [43]
1455-1471: Benedict Paul III, Holy Roman Empire [43]
Interregnum 1469-1490 [43]
1490-1518: Leo XII, France [49]
1518-1539 : John XXV, Venice
1539-1542: Luke IV, Flanders
1542-1570: Benedict Paul IV, Milan
1570-1583: Luke V, Switzerland
1583-1591: Leo XIII, France
1591-1613: Gregory XI, Leon
1613-1633: Gregory XII, Tuscany [63]
1633-1647: Paul II, Sardinia
1647-1661: Leo XIV, Florence[71]
1661-1667: Leo XV, Italy
1667-1694: Paul III, Sicily
1694-1720: Paul IV, Papal State [75]
1720-1730: Paul V, Italy
1730-1753: Paul VI, Sicily [76]
1753-1765: Benedict XII, Italy
1765-1788: Luke VI, Italy
1788-1830: Urban V, Scandanavia [87]
1830-1863: Luke V, Italy [88]
1863-1892: John XXVI, Italy

[1] Died without leaving an heir and to prevent a crisis named his strongest ally, Thomas, heir to the throne
[2]Was a lord in English held Wales
[3]Declared himself Holy Roman Emperor with backing of Pope Paschal III
[4]Killed thousands of his own and was overthrown in a rebellion
[5]Deposed his own father as Emperor, and ruled as de facto King of Hungary until his father's death, at which point he became legal King.
[6]Great-grandson of Macbeth I, he saw his house's restoration to the Scottish throne with the help of Norway.
[7]Crowned at age 6. Died of smallpox at age 11.
[8]Frederick who claimed descent from Charlemagne, overthrew Andrew the Unlucky, and spent much of his reign in conflict with Bela II of Hungary.
[9] Bela was elected Holy Roman Emperor through the machinations of his father after Conrad I's death. Upon his father's death, he became King Bela III of Hungary, uniting once again the two thrones.
[10] Disappeared during a festival. With no immediate heirs, the event prompted a dynastic crisis and the throne remained empty for several years, with internal and external battles fought between various pretenders.
[11] Technically August of Scotland should have become king, but the Dukes didn't want a foreign ruler and asked Antoine de Flandre to become king instead
[12] Same man as Imre I, until the Khan of the Golden Horde decided that since he had two crowns, he should be two men. Last male member of the Arpads and last king of Hungary for quite some time.
[13] Louis's reign saw the beginning of the War of French Succession, where Macbeth IV attempted to claim the Throne with English support. Louis was killed in the Battle of Flanders.
[14] Stephan included the title of "King of Hungary" among his honors, though he never reclaimed Budapest or 'Old Hungary' from the Mongols during his lengthy reign.
[15] The reign of the Angelus Dynasty ended when Constantinople fell to the Golden Horde in 1275. Möngke Temür, Khan of the Golden Horde, drowned John III in molten gold after looting the city. The Horde were so impressed by the city's fortifications that they adopted it as their capital.
[16] Macbeth actually managed to be coronated in Paris after the Battle of Flanders, but his claim was never recognized by much of the realm, the War of French Succession continuing throughout his entire life.
[17] Alexius set up a court in exile in Cyprus, and considered himself the Roman Emperor.
[18] Last Scottish King to claim the crown of France. He was captured and was only released by Antoine II after he renounced the claims of his family to the crown of France.
[19] Descendant from a Bastard Line of the House of Arpad. Freed the country from the Mongols. He took the name of his household from his birthplace. Married Holy Roman Emperor Bela II's daughter to suspend any claims the Emperor could have had on Hungary.
[20] Archbishop Edward of Canterburry choosed this name because he considered Luke the Evangelist to be his model.
[21] Upon his death Cyprus was invaded by the Syrian Turks, ending the legacy of Rome
[22] The first Rus prince to overthrow the hold of the Mongols
[23] A papal bull established the emperorship as electoral, to avoid any more non-German rulers from taking over the Empire and using her resources for their own gain like the Arpads did. Interestingly, all of the electors were either members or allies of the Luxemburg house, who had supported the current pope's election
[24] Born and educated in Constantinople, Tuda Temur become a fervorous christian and, with the death of his father, he converted officially his empire. Even if most of the Golden Horde lands were lost to (both mongol and european) warlords, the core of former Byzantine Empire was kept.
[25] Spouse of Imre III, eldest daughter of the norman king Roger IV.
[26] Louis X died without issue, leaving the French throne to his nephew, Antoine, who ruled France as Antoine IV, and Castile as Antonio I.
[27] Grandson of Emperor Bela II through a bastard son. Took the throne of Hungary through marriage with Felicia. Inherited Constantinople from John IV, who died without issue. Lead successful Eastern Crusade, driving off the final remnants of the Golden Horde in the Balkans and Anatolia.
[28] Conflict for the Principality of Vladimir ended with recognition of Rurikid claim by Poland, with Hungary acting as mediator. In return, Hungary and Vladimir swore to support Poland's claim to the Throne of Bohemia.
[29] Papacy shifted to Constance at urging of House of Luxembourg.
[30] Due to tensions in Castille, Antoine IV/I decided to separate his possessions upon his death, entrusting France to his eldest son, Charles, and Castille to his second son, Robert.
[31] Assassinated under mysterious circumstances. Pope Urban III is suspected to have commandidated the murder, so that the Papacy could go back to Rome.
[32] Robert III of Scotland is a descendant of Alexander IV of England's eldest daughter. Due to an epidemy of Smallpox in the English Royal family, he found himself as the only heir to the English throne and was crowned as Robert IV. He proved unable to rule both kingdoms, which caused his assassination.
[33] Conflicted often with the Holy Roman Emperors because of his wish to bring the papacy back to Rome. Ultimately succeeded upon Conrad II's death.
[34] While leading a group of soldiers to confront a small tax rebellion in Savoie, Henri's cape became caught in his horse's saddle as he tried to dismount. The horse became alarmed and ran off, dragging the French king behind him. He died of his injuries several days later. The horse was later killed.
[35] Youngest reigning Pope. During his rule, he attempted to take advantage of civil unrest in the Middle East and called forth the Tenth Crusade. Also notable for personally leading the Christian forces during the initial invasion.
[36] Henry's death without issue saw a lengthy interregnum as the throne of France fought over by the Capet-Flanders of Castile, the Capet-Burgundys of Scotland, and the House of Luxembourg, amongst others.
[37] A member of the lower nobility, Alfred presented himself as a restorer of old English rule.
[38] Martin's efforts for a crusade recieved lukewarm support from all western Kingdoms save Leon, whose King Alphonso accompanied Martin and died in the field, and opposition in the East, who saw it as a needless folly. Despite this, Martin and his forces were able to take much of the north of Egypt. However, his constant demands for more support, and increasingly grandiose claims of papal supremacy caused the House of Luxembourg to sponsor the antipope Luke III, "the Pope of Constance". As the situation deteriorated, the French and various Italian princes supported their own candidate, Urban IV, "the Pope of Rome", finding Martin just as objectionable as Luke. The resulting Papal Schism would dominate much of the "Pope of Jerusalem's" reign.
[39]After the political instability in Castille, the House of Capet-Flanders lost power; The old house of Burgundy, much weakened by now, was chosen as it was a compromisse between the germans and british, and also had support in France.
[40]: title received due to the discovery of Terrarrica. After the expelling of the Jerusalem Pope from the Crusader lands, the leonese launched a small crusade to expel the last Moors from Iberia, and stabilished a new city near Murcia with the Terrarican gold.
[41]: The personal union developed into an official unification of both countries. The centralization of the Empire in Constatinople, but with Catholicism (Constance branch) as official religion, causing serious instabilities.
[42]: the Jerusalem Papacy, after defeats in the Holy Land and without a route to the east, was re-based in Leon, focusing in the Reconquista.
[43] Following the deaths of the Pope of Jerusalum and the Pope of Rome, Antoine V of France focused on attempting to reunite the two branches of Catholicism. The death of the Pope Benedict Paul III a year later was seen as a sign that all three branches must unify. For the next few years, all three seats remained empty as the cardinals of each branch attempted to work on a compromise.
[44] Shortest reigning Holy Roman Emperor, with a total rule of approximately eight hours. On the night of his coronation, Heinrich mistook a large open window as the entryway for a balcony. He subsequently fell several stories to his death.
[45] Due to a lack of male successors and a fear of other monarchs claiming the nation, after the death of Gaspar, his daughter, Isabella, inherited the throne. Isabella's reign saw a dramatic increase in the stability and prestige of Leon. Like her father, she funded a multitude of expeditions and made significant efforts to increase Leon's presence in the New World. For her achievements, she is often considered one of the Greatest European Monarchs and Mother Hispania.
[46] Due to the instabilities caused by the Catholic Emperor Stephen II, the Hungarian Dynasty is deposed by Constantine Psellos, an orthodox man who claimed to be descendent of Alexius I Comnenus. He declares himself Emperor of the Romans and the Byzantine Empire is restored, while Hungary succumbs into a serious civil war between the two surviving sons of Stephen; Bela and Benedek.
[47] Constantine held his "Eastern Roman Empire"--consisting largely of Constantinople and a small portion of the lands surrounding it, for twenty-three years, by regularly bribing the Hungarian Emperor, his Rurikid and Pole allies, and the Turks. Eventually, the Turks decided the bribes weren't big enough, leading to the Second Sacking of Constantinople by the ambitious Kilij Arslan VII of the Seljuk Rum. Constantine was killed in the assault, after which the Turks made themselves masters of Constantinople.
[48] After defeating his brother in the civil war, Bela had himself crowned "Roman Emperor in the East" in Buda-Pest, which was again made the capital. While Bela would occasionally make a motion at recapturing Constantinople, he considered the city more trouble than it was worth. Henceforth, the ruler of Hungary was the 'Roman Emperor of the East', commonly called the 'Hungarian Emperor'.
[49] After much debate, it was agreed that the Roman claim was correct, with the new Pope, Leo XII taking his name from his predecessor. The papacies of Constance and "Jerusalem"--presently based in Lisbon--are declared to be "archcardinalates"--a new rank invented specifically for this situation--allowed to "comment" and "elucidate" on the Pope's decisions.
[50] Only surviving son of Charles V, he was in a precarious situation at the beginning of his reign as his cousin, Duke Henri of Aquitaine, had his eyes on the crown. He proved to be very strong in politics, getting rid of his ennemies or isolating them. He also played an important role on European politics, being the most well informed thanks to his spies. Earned his nickname because it was said no fly could escape his web of agents.
Philip I was also very close to the people and did everything he could to weaken the French nobility's power.
[51] Isabella I of Leon married her eldest son, Alphonso, to the newly crowned Queen Maria I of Castille in 1524. When Alphonso IX ascended the throne, both he and Maria declared that their eldest son would inherit both the crowns of Castille and Leon.
[52] Sometimes called Arthur III because of the Arthurian legends. The most honest and benevolent king of his time, he never got along with Philip I of France whom he never trusted. Died peacefully in his sleep although conspiracist theory said the French king had him poisonned.
[53] Sadly, Alphonso and Maria died without issue. The throne of Leon went to Alphonso's brother Gaspar, the throne of Castile went to Maria's cousin, Ferdinand. However, both kings laid claim to the other throne, setting off a lengthy war that increased resentment and rivalry between the two kingdoms.
[54] Was a teenage vassal of Joan II but gained support among the people and lords as he claimed descent from Robert I. Fought a brutal civil war with Joan that ended in Joan's death at the hands of an assassin. Fought on and off wars with France but was always victorious.
[55] When Sigismund IV died without issue, Konrad, a low-level noble of dubious origin claimed the throne, citing illegitimate descent from Sigismund III. He was opposed by most of the nobles of Poland, the Prince of Vladimir, and the Emperor of Hungary. After his reign, young Sigismund V, of the House of Jagiellon, was given the throne under regency. He proved an able and wise King.
[56] Sulyeman VII was overthrown by Matthias the Mighty, ending the rule of the Rum Seljuk over Constantinople. Matthias chose to keep the capital at Budapest, and instead gave rule of the city of Constantinople to the Patriarch, a state of affairs that his descendents maintained.
[57] After Douglas II died without male issue -- his only son having died on a French battlefield -- Alfred inheritted the Scottish throne through his mother; his dual reign is compared very favorably with that of Robert the Scot.
[58] After the death of Antonio, Juan V of Aragon proved to be the next of kin. Already King of Navarre and Sicily, Juan proved to be an important figure in Iberian politics
[59] Charles V proved to be the last Emperor to be important because he was Emperor. After his death, a struggle between the Wittlesbachs, Hohenstaufens, and the Romanofs of Sweden-Norway borke the Empire's stability
[60] To streamline things, Alfred V/I merged the kingdoms into the Kingdom of Albion by royal decree (What's that? An elected body of officials called Parliament calling the shots in Britain? How absurd!). William II/I maintained this, and added Ireland, to boot, and the Act is still enforced today. William II was also the last king of England to hold land in France, for his reign saw Bretagne and Normandy fall to the French, though the heir apparent of England is still titled "Duke of Normandy".
[61] After the death of Emperor John, the line passed through his dead sister to her son, Sigismund Jagiellon, the King of Poland and Bohemia. Sigismund was wholly uninterested in the country, and this marks the beginning of Hungary's slow decline
[62] In 1608 Prince Yuri marched down with a massive army and took Constantinople from the Magyars, crowning himself Tsar of All Russias in the process. By this point, Constantinople was a shadow of its former glory, so Yuri returned home to Suzdal. Yuri is also, through a bizarre and labyrinthine series of inheritances, the technical king of Jerusalem, though that claim is maintained only to give the Coat of Arms some cool imagery
[63] At this point more and more popes were being selected from Italian statelets
[64] The Sultanate continued on after losing Constaninople to the Hungarians, and became the preeminent power in the Middle East.
[65] Carlos I of Aragon and Castille had been married with Infante Isabella of Leon. An epidemy of smallpox in the royal family left Isabella as the sole heir to the crown of Leon, virtually merging Castille, Aragon and Leon.
[66] Ludwig of Baden's candidature had very few chances of succeeding. Yet, because of the struggle between the Hohenstaufen, Romanovs and Wittelsbach, who were doing everything so that one of their rivals wouldn't get the crown, the electors designated him. Ludwig IV was a good emperor, but he sadly spent the majority of his reign to play as an arbiter between the three rival houses. According to some, he died of exhaustion.
[67] In November 1624, Robert of Arran, a descendant of Macbeth VII, rose in uprising againt the English Kings as he opposed the act of Union. He was crowned as Robert IV and fought for independance. He fell in Battle in March 1625 and the rebels, deprived of their leaders, surrendered to the William III. This was the only serious uprising immediately after the union of Scotland and England.
[68] Laszlo I was more competent than his father, but the rule of Sigismund I had turned the Hungarian nobility against the Emperor. Laszlo I would be the last Emperor to reign relatively unopposed, despite some huge political fights with the nobility. He earned his surname many years later, as he was the first who saw the Twilight of the Hungarian Empire.
[69] The next election for Holy Roman Emperor ended in charges of corruption and fraud, with every participant claiming to have won, and been cheated by the others. Over a decade of inconclusive fighting and dubious claiments ended with the formal dissolution of the "Empire" into a group of independent states.
[70] The ascent of Laszlo II--a known opponent of the Magyar nobility--to the throne convinced the gentry that enough was enough. The Hungarian Senate met, formally deposed Laszlo and his line, and installed a distant cousin, John of Bucharest, who took as his house name "Mojmir-Arpad". The Fifteen Year War between Poland and Hungary was devastating for both nations, but ended with Hungary seperated from Poland, and the throne of Poland gaining recognition as an imperial throne in its own right.
[71] Ferdinand V formally merged all the crowns he controlled as he recognized the legitimacy of the italian crown, convincing the Pope to give him the title of Emperor of Hispania.
[72] Shortly after the partial dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Pietro de Medici, who was grand duke of Tuscany and besieged Milan, used his influence with the pope (a Medici himself, and Pietro's uncle) to achieve the Italian crown. Such realm was not, obviously, recognized by many of the german sucessor states, but it slowly got legitimacy, specially after the Iberian merging.
[73] The death of Dmitri III with no heir caused the Russians to look for a relation able to take the throne. The best available candidate was Ernest of the now dispossessed House of von Oldenberg, who took the reign name of Boris as a sign of his devotion to his new homeland. Having only a limited understanding of Russian custom, Boris's reign saw the Russian Senate taking a dominant role in the governing of Great Rus.
[74] Philip III, being mad, was never married and died without issue. The succession then went to Charles, Count of Champagne, Philip III's cousin and a descendant of Philip I.
[75] Gave the Papal State a small island in Terrarrica (OTL Barbados) as a gift. Due to the Papal State's lack of seafaring capabilities however, the island remained under de facto Hispapanian control until the mid 1800s, when it became home to the Archcardinalate of Jerusalem.
[76] Antoine VI launched the Italian Wars in 1721, with Bavaria and Baden as his allies, by invading of northern Italy, claiming to be in support of his 'oppressed allies' in Genoa and Venice. (Hispania, though disliking the new Italian state, which it felt threatened its holdings in Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica, was equally threatened by French interest in Tolosa and Marsiho, and so rebuffed Antoine's efforts for an alliance.) Antoine's invasion met spirited resistance from the Italians and condemnation from the Pope. In 1722, Albion, Luxembourg, and Hungary came to the assistance of Italy, hoping to restrain French power. (Albion and Luxembourg both hoped to gain land from France as well.) This brought Scandinavia and Swabia into the war in 1723, which brought Poland and Russia into the war in 1724. The whole affair ended in 1727 with thousands dead, and little changes in the international scene, the big losers being Swabia, which lost several eastern provinces to Poland, and Scandinavia, which lost Finland to Russia.
[77] Philip IV never approved the foreign politics of his father, though he participated in the Italian Wars. The bloodbath that engulfed Europe shocked him, especially when his eldest brother Louis died on the battlefield. When Antoine VI finally died, Philip IV did everything he could to erase the misdeeds of his father and restore France's image. By the end of his reign, France was once again seen as a respectable nation.
[78] While the Holy Roman Empire existed, Thuringia was ruled by another royal house, the Ludowinger Dynasty. In 1639, Hermann III, the last Ludowinger King of Thuringia died ans the throne passed to his daughter, whom had married Augustus II of Saxony. The major powers of the Holy Roman Empire, namely the competing houses for the Holy Roman Emperor crown, didn't wish for a Saxon-Thuringia Union and appealed to Emperor Ludwig IV. When Augustus II of Saxony died in 1645, Saxony and Thuringia were partitionned between his two sons. They were only recognized as Independant Kings once the Holy Roman Empire exploded.
[79] Alexander VI died without sons. Shortly before his death, he passed a law allowing women to succeed the crown, but only if a king had no longer any sons. This allowed Elisabeth I to take the crown. Though she is remembered for her great beauty, Elisabeth I was far from stupid : today, she is remembered as the first female monarch of Albion but also as one of its greatest.
[80] After Alp Arslan VI's death, the Seljuk Sultanate was left without an heir to the throne. The nobles formally elected Abdel Aziz Osmanli, the wealthiest, wisest and most powerful of them all, to suceed the Sultan.
[81] Edmund was king Alexander VI's brother and thus Elisabeth I's uncle. He was known for his administrative skills but also for his huge ambition. While his brother was aging, he acted more and more like he was the King. He opposed his niece when she succeeded the crown and tried to make Scotland secede. While at first he rallied all those opposing Elisabeth, he proved to be a tyran and was soon abandonned. Six month after his rebellion, he was betrayed by Duke Richard of York, his best friend, who brought him before Elisabeth. Richard of York was pardoned while Edmund was beheaded.
[82] William V of Albion was the son of Elisabeth and her consort, Prince Charles of Luxembourg, who took the house name of "Monmouth-von Luxembourg". Being of a prideful nature, he started what in France, England and Hispania are known as "the Colonial Wars", and what are known in the East and the German states as "the Wars of Betrayal". William sought to improve Albion's power by increasing its colonial holdings in North Terrarica, his mother's careful project. He planned to do this by seizing France and Hispania's holdings, both far more extensive than Albion's. In this he had the encouragement of his uncle, Otto XIII of Luxembourg, who assured him that if he made his move, Luxembourg would declare war on France. Thus distracted, France would be unable to pursuse a full-scale war, leaving Albion to face only Hispania--which would not want to commit too many resources to preserving the significantly poorer northern colonies. In 1775, William made his move. However, while Luxembourg DID declare war on France, most of its energies were spent persecuting France's allies in the German states, specifically Saxony and Thuringia. This caused Poland, Baden, and Bavaria to declare war on Luxembourg's allies Brandenburg and Swabia. Albion found itself facing the combined might of Hispania and France with virtually no support. By the war's end in 1883, Albion had lost most of its colonies in Terrarica, Hispania ruled the waves, France became the primary colonial power in North Terrarica, Luxembourg absorbed Thuringa and most of Saxony--Scandinavia, a latecomer to the war, getting the rest--Poland absorbed Brandenburg, and Baden and Bavaria split Swabia between them. William drank himself to death, a broken man, while Otto enjoyed a reputation as the most devious monarch in Europe, as people whispered of secret treaties, and treacherous agreements between supposed enemies.
[83] Pietro travelled extensively throughout Europe and Terrarica in his youth, gaining an admiration for the Eastern Empires and a hearty contempt for much of the West. Why is it, he would ask, that the Western monarch may be no more than a king, and rule no more than a tiny province, and yet he demands absolute power over his land and all who live in it, while the Emperors of the East rule over vast lands, and see themselves as servants of the State? He even compared Russia's conquest of the East 'where they have sought to educate and improve those savages that God has seen to place under their rule', to Hispania's 'brutal enslavement' of Terrarica's natives. All this talk was seen as the idle chatter of a gadfly--until Pietro's elder brother Lorenzo died, followed by his father, making him the King of Italy. Pietro "easternized" his court, creating a Senate, and freeing the serfs. The success of his reforms--less remarkable when one considers that he ruled over a heavily urbanized state which contained in it several former republics--created an enthusiasm for "easternization" throughout much of Western Europe, especially among younger nobles and the growing middle class.
[84] As the Colonial War raged on across Europe and Terrarica, war exhaustion began to grow throughout France and its holdings. In an attempt to please prevent a full-scale revolution, Louis XIII instituted a number of government reforms limiting the power of future monarchs, and granting more to the peasantry. This had the effect of making him very unpopular among the aristocracy but loved by the lower classes.
[85] Although Otto's move dramatically increased Luxemburg's temporal power, it also made Luxemburg the most hated nation in all of Europe and drastically reduced the nation's prestige. Peter's more confrontational personality only worsened matters. Although he won the war, Luxemburg was shunned by the other nations and their merchants were banned from most centers of trade. Peter also became the first monarch to be excommunicated by the Church in several centuries after agents from Luxemburg were discovered attempting to infiltrate the Vatican. Many Luxembourgish fled in seek of stability in neighboring countries. He did not live to see the massive revolts that would spread throughout the country after his death.
[86] Paul is remembered for having close ties with the Papacy. Aside from guaranteeing the Papal State's independence, he also worked with the Church to send a significant force of missionaries to the East. The canonization process began almost immediately after his death.
[87] Urban reported to have had a dream of the Church becoming filled with corruption. Fearing that this was a prophetic vision from God, he established the role of the Inquisitor within the Church. The purpose of this official is to monitor the clergy to prevent any abuses or scandals. He was viewed with distrust by many of his peers as a result of his country of origin.
[88] With massive cultural, technological and political changes occuring around the world Luke called the First Council of Rome, to deal with rising contemporary issues and redefine vital Church doctrine. The most prominent decision made by the council was its definition of Papal Infallibility. (The Decision on this is same as our own)
[89] Established the First Constitution of the Kingdom of France, an idea that had already been planned by his father Louis XIII. The King's powers were limited, though they remained quite important, and a Parliament was created. This Parliament was composed by two chambers : the Senate, composed mostly by the Nobility, and the Chambre, composed by representant of the people. Louis XIV was one of the most efficient rulers of France.
[90] Grandson of Diego II, he was crowned at age 18. His 55 years old reign is one of the longest in European history.
[91] Son of William V. He was unable to resolve the great economical crisis left by his father and his reforms didn't resolved the problem but increased them. He also faced a huge opposition from the nobility, led by the Dukes of York, who didn't want to let go of their privileges.
[92] He was sufferring from a lung cancer from the whole of his reign.

 

[Space Oddity]

I'll go next.

 

[jmberry]

I haven't commented on the map yet, so now's as good a time as any:

Hispania, I believe, took too much from France. Septimania I could see, but the border in Aquitaine is higly exposed and indefensible

Similarly, France shouldn't have the Netherlands. Belgium, maybe, but not the Netherlands. Those should belong to Luxemburg. France should also have the eniterity of Upper Burgundy, which includes the French cantons.

Central Europe's pretty good.

Poland and Hungary, I'm sad to say, are simply far to big. Russia should have the Baltic and most of the Balkans, including Greece.

I understand this is a rough map, but I'd like to create a world map when we hit the modern day.

 

[RMcD94]

Does anyone else feel the posts needs to be shortened?

 

[Yorel]

Does anyone else feel the posts needs to be shortened?

Well, it's true they've become longer and longer as time passed. Now, we have King list that have roughly 40 kings for the nations that were here from the start. There's also the problem of the nearly 100 remarks which keeps getting the posts longer and longer... A little short up could help.

Yet, I don't know what can be suppressed and what can not.

 

[Space Oddity]

Monarchs of France

987-996:Hugh Capet (Capetian Dynasty)
996-1025: Robert II (Capetian Dynasty)
1025-1056 : Hugh II Magnus (Capetian Dynasty, eldest son of Robert II)
1056-1074: Hugh III (Capetian Dynasty)
1074-1101: Robert III (Capetian Dynasty)
1101-1102: Hugh IV (end of Capetian Dynasty)
1102-1129: Eudes II le Pieux (Capet-Burgundy)
1129-1147: Guy I (Capet-Burgundy)
1147-1178: Louis VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1178-1201: Henri I (Capet-Burgundy)
1201-1205: Henri II (Capet-Burgundy)
1205-1214 : Guy II (Capet-Burgundy)
1214-1246 : Louis VII "the Great" (Capet-Burgundy, under regency from 1214 to 1220)
1246-1269: Louis VIII "the Small" (Capet-Burgundy)
1269-1298: (Saint) Henri III "The Saint" (Capet-Burgundy)
1298-1312: Antoine I (Capet-Flanders) [11]
1312-1316: Louis IX (Capet-Flanders) [13]
1316-1350: Antoine II the Wise (Capet-Flanders)
1350-1357: Antoine III (Capet-Flanders)
1357-1390: Louis X (Capet-Flanders)
1390-1423: Antoine IV (Capet-Flanders)[26]
1423-1462 : Charles IV "the Good" (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1462-1465: Henri IV "The King of Fools" (Capet-Flanders) [34]
Interregnum: 1465-1473 [36]
1473 - 1488: Louis XI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)[39]
1488 - 1520: (Saint) Antoine V, "The Holy" [43]
1520 - 1525: Charles V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1525 - 1563 : Philip I "the Spider" (House of New Capet-Burgundy) [50]
1563-1602: Henri V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1602-1616: Philip II (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1616-1629: Henri VI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1629-1654: Louis XII (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1654-1668: Henri VII (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1668-1670: Philip III "The Mad" (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1670-1702: Charles VI (House of Champagne) [74]
1702- 1719: Henri VIII (House of Champagne)
1719-1738: Antoine VI "the Bloody" (House of Champagne) [76]
1738-1774: Philip IV "The Redeemer" (House of Champagne) [77]
1774-1798: Henri IX "the Victorious" (House of Champagne) [82]
1798-1853: Louis XIII "Father of the People" (House of Champagne) [84]
1853-1892: Louis XIV "the Great" (House of Champagne) [89]

Monarchs of Castille

1037-1065: Ferdinand I "The Great" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1065-1090: Garcia II "The Unlikely" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1090-1120 : Ferdinand II (Jimenez Dynasty, son of Garcia II)
1120-1132: Jimena I (Jimenez Dynasty, first female ruler of Castille, Leon, and Galicia)
1132-1137: Javier I (Jimenez Dynasty, sudden death kills off the Dynasty)
1137-1274: Under Leon
1274-1299: Guillermo I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1299-1331: Guillermo II (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1331-1342: Guillermo III (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1342-1360: Roberto I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1360-1389: Vicente I (Capet-Flanders)
1389-1423: Antonio I (Capet-Flanders) [26]
1423-1457: Roberto II (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1457-1460: Antonio II (Capet-Flanders)
1460-1483: Vicente II (Capet Flanders) [36]
1483-1490: Guillermo IV (Capet Flanders)
1490-1516: Antonio III (Capet Flanders)
1516-1557 : Maria I "the Gentle" (Capet-Flanders) [51]
1557-1572: Ferdinand III (Capet-Flanders)[53]
1572-1603: Antonio IV (Capet-Flanders)
1603-1624: Juan I (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1654-1660: Isabella I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]

Kings of Leon
1137-1140: Sancho III (Astur Dynasty, Castille is now part of Leon)
1140-1157: Sancho IV (Astur Dynasty)
1157-1182: Jorge I (Astur Dynasty)
1182-1193: Sancho V (Astur Dynasty)
1193-1214: Ramiro IV (Astur Dynasty, dies without heir. Dynasty is overthrown)
1214-1236: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1236-1241: Pedro I (Romaniv Dynasty)
1241-1248: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1248-1260: Ferdinand II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1260-1265: Alphonso VI "the Child" (Romaniv Dynasty) [7]
Interregnum 1265-1278
1260-1265: Gaspar I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1265-1292: Gaspar II (Corte-Real)
1292-1307: Paulino III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1307-1324: Alphonso VII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1324-1357: Ferdinand III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1357-1370: Gaspar III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1370-1392: Ferdinand IV (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1392-1437 : Alphonso VIII "the Warrior" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1437-1487: Gaspar V "The Scholar" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1487-1515: Gaspar VI "The Golden" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[40]
1515-1540: Isabella I "The High Queen" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [45]
1540-1563: Alphonso IX "The Handsome" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [51]
1563-1588: Gaspar VII "The Good" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[53]
1588-1615: Gaspar VIII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1615-1649: Alphonso X "The Great" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]

Emperors of Hispania
1673-1691: Ferdinand V (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1691-1704: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1704-1750: Carlos III (Corte-Real Dynasty) [75]
1750-1782: Diego I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]
1782-1819: Diego II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]
1819-1874: Felipe I "the Long" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [90]

Holy Roman Emperors

912-973:Otto I (Ottonian Dynasty)
973-992: Liudolf I "The Saxon" (Ottonian Dynasty, later known as Saxon Dynasty after Liudolf's powerbase and Anglo-Saxon ancestry)
992-1024 : Otto II (Saxon Dynasty, son of Liudolf I)
1024-1048: Liudolf II (Saxon Dynasty)
1048-1062: Otto III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062: Liudolf III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062-1079: Heinrich II der Lowenhertz (Liutpolding Dynasty, aka Bavarian Dynasty)
1079-1104: Otto IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1104-1126: Charles IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1126-1131: Heinrich III (end of Bavarian Dynasty)
1131-1152: Stephen III "The Hungarian" (Arpad Dynasty) [3]
1153-1181: Bruno I (II) (Arpad Dynasty) [5]
1181-1192 : Andrew II "the Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty)
1192-1213 : Frederick I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)[8]
1213-1223 : Conrad I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1224-1264: Bela I (III) (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Heinrich IV (Arpad Dynasty) [12]
1281-1315: Stephan IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14]
1315-1332 : Bela II (Mojmir Dynasty)
1332-1359: Otto VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [23]
1359-1390: Heinrich V (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1390-1392: Otto VIII (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1392-1410 : Conrad II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [31]
1410-1438: Otto IX (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1438-1471: Heinrich VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [36]
1471-1471: Heinrich VII (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [44]
1471-1478: Otto X (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1478-1493 : Conrad III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1493-1522: Conrad IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1522-1554 : Charles V (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1554-1574: Otto XI (Von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1574-1607: Heinrich VIII (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1607-1636: Charles V (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [59]
1636-1648: Ludwig IV "the Unexpected" (House of Baden) [66]
The Great Dispute [69]

Kings of Bavaria (Wittelsbach Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1666: Charles VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1666-1689: Ludwig V (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1689-1727: Ludwig VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [76]
1727-1759: Maximilian I (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1759-1788: Maximilian II (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [82]
1788-1830: Maximilian III (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1830-1872: Charles VII (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [93]

Kings of Swabia (Hohenstaufen Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1672: Frederick II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1672-1694: Frederick III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1694-1701: Conrad V (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1701-1738: Frederick IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [76]
1738-1767: Heinrich IX (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1767-1783: Frederick V "the Last" (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [82]
Absorbed by Baden and Bavaria

Grand Dukes of Baden and Switzerland (Baden Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1657: Franz I (House of Baden)
1657-1690: Ulrich I (House of Baden)
1690-1738: Franz II (House of Baden) [76]
1738-1762: Karl Franz I (House of Baden)
1762-1784: Ulrich II (House of Baden) [82]
1784-1800: Franz III (House of Baden)
1800-1836: Karl Franz II (House of Baden)
1836-1858: Ulrich III "the Exile" (House of Baden) [94]
1858-1891: Ulrich IV (House of Baden)

Kings of Luxembourg, Hesse, Hanover, and the Rhine (Von Luxembourg Claimants to the HRE)
1636-1669: Otto XII (von Luxembourg)
1669-1688: Heinrich VII (von Luxembourg)
1688-1727: Heinrich VIII (von Luxembourg) [76]
1727-1749: Charles VI (Von Luxembourg)
1749-1798: Otto XIII "the Old" "the Fortunate" (Von Luxembourg) [82]
1798-1820: Heinrich IX (Von Luxembourg)
1820-1883: Peter I "The Wretched King" (Von Luxembourg) [85]
1883-1892: Peter II

Kings of Scandinavia (Romanov Claimants to the HRE)
1642-1667: Gustav IV (Romanov)
1667-1684: Nicholas III (Romanov)
1684-1716: Gustav V (Romanov)
1716-1745: Nicholas IV (Romanov) [76]
1745-1778: Michael I (Romanov)
1778-1806: Michael II (Romanov) [82]
1806-1858: Gustav VI "The Ice King" (Romanov) [95]
1858-1883: Nicholas V "the Wise" (Romanov) [96]

Kings of Saxony
1648-1681: Augustus III (House of Wettin) [78]
1681-1703: John II (House of Wettin)
1703-1739: Albert IV (House of Wettin)
1739-1762: Ernest II (House of Wettin)
1762-1783: Ernest III "the Hapless" (House of Wettin) [82]
Absorbed by Luxembourg and Scandinavia

Kings of Thuringia
1648-1662: Hermann IV (House of Wettin) [78]
1662-1691: Balthasar I (House of Wettin)
1691-1728: Balthasar II (House of Wettin)
1728-1753: Johann Friedriech II (House of Wettin)
1753-1783: Balthasar III "the Mournful" (House of Wettin)
Absorbed by Luxembourg

Kings of Brandenburg
1648-1654: Joachim III (House of Hohenzollern)
1654-1688: Frederick V (House of Hohenzollern)
1688-1714: Sigismund II (House of Hohenzollern)
1714-1761: William I (House of Hohenzollern)
1761-1783: William II "the Conquered" (House of Hohenzollern)
Absorbed by Poland

Kings of Italy
1650-1671: Pietro I (House of Medici)[72]
1671-1692: Lorenzo I (House of Medici)
1692-1728: Lorenzo II (House of Medici) [76]
1728-1764: Juliano I (House of Medici)
1764-1798: Pietro II "the Good" "the Just" (House of Medici) [83]
1798-1830: (Saint) Pietro III "Messenger of God" (House of Medici) [86]
1830-1873: Lorenzo III "the Artist" (House of Medici) [97]



Monarchs of England and Albion:

1066-1085: William I "The Conquerer" (Norman Dynasty)
1085-1134: Robert I "Curthose" (Norman Dynasty)
1134-1150: William II (Norman Dynasty, son of Robert I)
1150-1162: Hugh I (Norman Dynasty)
1162-1193: Alexander I (Norman Dynasty, named after the Greek Emperor)
1193-1195: Alexander II (Norman Dynasty)
1195-1220: Robert II (Penthievre Dynasty, also Duke Roper I of Britanny)
1220-1243: Godfrey I (Penthievre Dynasty)
1243-1268 : Arthur I (Penthievre Dynasty, sometimes called "Arthur II" because of the Arthurian legends) [1]
1268-1304: Thomas I (FitzOsbern Dynasty) [2]
1304-1314: Robert III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1314-1321: Thomas II (FitzOsbern Dynasy)
1321-1344 : Alexander III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1344-1357 : Godfrey II (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1357-1362: Alexander IV (House of Warwick)
1362-1380: Alexander V (House of Warwick)
1380: Godfrey III (House of Warwick)
1380-1387: Robert IV "the Scot" (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1401: Alfred II (House of Wessex) [37]
1401-1446: Edward IV (House of Wessex)
1446-1468: Alfred III (House of Wessex)
1468-1481: Robert V (House of Wessex)
1481-1515: Alfred IV (House of Wessex)
1515-1549 : Arthur II "the Chivalrous" (House of Wessex) [52]
1549-1592: Harold I "the Welsh" (House of Monmouth)
1592-1624: Alfred V (House of Monmouth) [57]
1624-1642: William III (House of Monmouth) [60]
1642-1668: Harold II (House of Monmouth)
1668-1679: William IV (House of Monmouth)
1679-1688: Robert VI (House of Monmouth)
1688-1713: Edmund III (House of Monmouth)
1713-1740: Alexander VI (House of Monmouth) [76]
1740-1774: Elisabeth I "the Beautiful" (House of Monmouth) [79]
1774-1785: William V "the Proud" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg [82]
1785-1803: Harold III "the Unwise" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [91]
1803-1836: Harold IV "the Desperate" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [98]
1836-1848: The English Republic [99]
1848-1850: Bainbridge Plunkett (Dictator) [100]
1850-1861: Emperor Bainbridge I (House of Plunkett) [101]
1861-1863: William VI "the Restored" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [102]
1863: Emperor Bainbridge I (House of Plunkett) [103]
1863-1878: Harold VI "the Restored" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [104]

Eastern Roman Empire
1081-1118: Alexius I (Comnenus Dynasty)
1118-1127: Alexius II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1127-1146: Isaac II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1146-1158: Isaac III (Comnenus Dynasty)
1158-1162: Issac IV "The wicked" (Comnenus Dynasty overthrown in Rebellion) [4]
1162-1173: Alexius III (Angelus Dynasty)
1173-1188 : John II (Angelus Dynasty)
1188-1199 : Constantine XI (Angelus Dynasty)
1199-1236 : Constantine XII "the Beloved" (Angelus Dynasty)
1236-1238: Alexius IV "the Leper" (Angelus Dynasty)
1238-1271: Michael V (Angelus Dynasty)
1271-1275: John III (Angelus Dynasty)
1275-1287: Möngke Temür(Golden Horde) [15]
1287-1302 : Möngke II (Golden Horde)
1302-1342: Subotai Temur (Golden Horde)
1342-1377: John IV "The Christian"(Temurius Dinasty)[24]
1377-1388: Stephen I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela I (Pest-Mojmir)
1449-1461: Stephen II (Pest-Mojmir)[41]
1461-1484: Constantine XIII (XIV) ''the Restorer'' (Comnenus-Psellos Dynasty) [46]

Sultanate of Seljuk Rum
1484-1501: Kilij Arslan VII (Seljuk Rum) [47]
1501-1519: Suleyman Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1519-1534 : Suleyman Arslan VI "the Just" (Seljuk Rum)
1534-1536: Suleyman Arslan VII "the Weak" (Seljuk Rum)[56]
1536-1564: Alp Arslan III (Seljuk Rum) [64]
1564-1579: Alp Arslan IV (Seljuk Rum)
1579-1622: Kilij Arslan VIII (Seljuk Rum)
1622-1637: Mehmet Arslan I (Seljuk Rum)
1637-1648: Mehmet Arslan II (Seljuk Rum)
1648-1662: Alp Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1662-1689: Kilij Arslan IX (Seljuk Rum)
1689-1704: Mehmet Arslan III (Seljuk Rum)
1704-1728: Alp Arslan VI (Seljuk Rum)
1728-1754: Abdel Aziz I (House of Osman) [80]
1754-1779: Alp Arslan VII (House of Osman)
1779-1798: Mehmet Arslan IV (House of Osman)
1798-1830: Abdel Aziz II (House of Osman)
1830-1871: Selim I "the Magnificent" (House of Osman) [105]



Emperors of Cyprus
1277-1314: Alexius V (Angelus Dynasty) [17]
1314-1335 : John IV (Angelus Dynasty)
1335-1349: Constantine XIII "The Last" [21]

Monarchs of Scotland
1058-1093: Malcolm III (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1093-1102: Duncan II (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1102-1114: Andrew I (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1114-1125: Malcolm IV (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1125-1148: Macbeth II (Alban Dynasty) [6]
1148-1155 : Andrew II (Alban Dynasty)
1155-1157 : Edgar I "the Brief" (Alban Dynasty)
1157-1172 : Duncan III (Alban Dynasty)
1172-1214 : Macbeth III (Alban Dynasty)
1214-1238: Edgar II (Alban Dynasty)
1238-1252: Robert I (Alban Dynasty) [10]
1252-1288: August I (Capet-Burgundy)
1288-1302: August II (Capet-Burgundy), claimed the French throne as August I
1302-1324: Macbeth IV (Capet-Burgundy, claimed French Throne as Macbet I) [15]
1324-1332: Robert II/IV (Capet-Burgundy) [18]
1332-1356: Joan I (Capet-Burgundy)
1356-1360: August III "The Old" (Capet-Burgundy)
1360-1374: August IV "the Young" (Capet-Burgundy)
1374-1387 : Robert III (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1426: Macbeth V (Capet-Burgundy)
1426-1468: August V (Capet-Burgundy) [36]
1468-1493: Macbeth VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1493-1510: Macbeth VII (Capet-Burgundy)
1510-1524 : Joan II (Capet-Burgundy)
1524-1564: Douglas I (Strathclyde Dynasty) [54]
1564-1602: Douglas II (Strathclyde Dynasty)
1592-1624: Alfred I (House of Monmouth) [57]
Merged with England in the Royal Unification Act of 1601 [60]
1624-1625 : Robert IV "the King of the Winter" (Capet-Burgundy) [67]
1740: Edmund IV "the Bad" (House of Monmouth) [81]

Kings and Emperors of Hungary
1116-1131: Stephen II (Arpad Dynasty)
1131-1167: Stephen III (Arpad Dynasty)
1167-1181: Bruno II (Arpad Dynasty)
1181-1183: Andrew II "The Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty, lost the Hungarian crown, but kept the Holy Roman one)
1183-1203 : Bela II (Arpad Dynasty, brother of Andrew II)
1203-1230 : Stephen IV (Arpad Dynasty)
1230-1264: Bela III (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Imre I (Arpad Dynasty)
(1281-1315: Stephen IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14])
1321-1338 : Imre II "the Liberator" (House of Buda) [19]
1338-1358: Imre III "the Weakling" (House of Buda-Arpad)
1358-1360: Felicia of Sicily(House of Hauteville)[25]
1360-1388: Stephen V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela IV (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1449-1452: Stephen VI (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [41]
Hungary officially united with Eastern Roman Empire[41]
1462-1493: Bela V (Pest-Mojmir)[48]
1493-1536: John II (Pest-Mojmir)
1536-1573 : Matthias I "the Mighty" (Pest-Mojmir)
1573-1608: Matthias II (Pest-Mojmir)
1608-1634: John III (Pest-Mojmir)
1634-1636: John IV (Pest-Mojmir)
1636-1639: Sigismund I (Jagiellon Dynasty)[61]
1639-1651: Laszlo I "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1674: John V (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [70]
1674-1690: Matthias III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1690-1715: Laszlo II (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1715-1730: Laszlo III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [76]
1730-1758: Laszlo IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1758-1796: Matthias IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1796-1825: Stephen VII (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1825-1863: Sigismund II (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [105]
1863-1886: Sigismund III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)



Kings and Emperors of Poland

1290-1296: Premyslas II (Piast Dynasty)
1296-1305: Wenceslaus II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1305-1312: Wenceslaus III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1312-1336 : Konrad II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1336-1342: Frederick I (Premyslid Dynasty, also King of Bohemia)
1342-1368: Wenceslaus IV (Premyslid Dynasty, Personal Union between Bohemia and Poland continued)
1368-1375: Sigismund I (Premyslid Dynasty, Crowns of Poland and Bohemia formally merged)
1375-1398 : Wenceslaus V (Premyslid Dynasty)
1398-1443: Sigismund II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1443-1461: Frederick II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1461-1495: Sigismund III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1495-1528: Frederick III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1528-1547 : Sigismund IV "the Scholar" (Premyslid Dynasty)
1547: Konrad III "The Pretender" (Premsylid Dynasty)
1547-1601: Sigismund V (Jagiellon Dynasty) [55]
1601-1639: Sigismund VI(Jagiellon Dynasty) [61]
1639-1651: Ladislaus II "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1668: Ladislaus III (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1668-1696: Frederick IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1696-1703: Ladislaus IV (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1703-1760: Konrad III (Jagiellon Dynasty) [76]
1760-1768: Ladislaus V (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1768-1794: Konrad IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) [82]
1794-1859: Sigismund VII "The Pious, the Wise" (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1859-1862: Wenceslaus VI "the Sick" (Jagiellon Dynasty) [92]
1862-1887: Frederick V (Jagiellon Dynasty)



Aragon
1319-1350: Pere IV (House of Aragon)
1350-1372: Tiago II (House of Aragon)
1372-1379: Pere V (House of Aragon)
1379-1402: Tiago III (House of Aragon)
1402-1420: Pere VI (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Tiago IV (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Juan II (House of Gonzaga)
1453-1470: Pere VII (House of Gonzaga)
1470-1496: Juan III (House of Gonzaga)
1496-1534: Tiago V (House of Gonzaga)
1534-1561 : Juan IV "the Cruel" (House of Gonzaga)
1561-1593: Tiago VI (House of Gonzaga)
1593-1624: Juan V (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
Inherited by Hispania[71]

Vladimir
1326-1360: Aleksandr II Mikhailovich (Tver Rurikids)[22]
1360-1362: Sucession war between Sigismund I (Premyslid) and Boris I (Tver Rurikids)
1362-1385: Boris I (Tver Rurikids)[28]
1385-1399 : Boris II (Tver Rurikids)
1400-1420: Boris III (Tver Rurikids)
1420-1452: Ivan II (Tver Rurikids)
1452-1470: Yuri II (Tver Rurikids)
1471-1492: Boris IV (Tver Rurikids)
1492-1528: Yuri III (Tver Rurikids)
1528-1553 : Dimitri I "the Magnificient" (Tver Rurikids)
1553-1586: Boris V (Tver Rurikids)
1586-1619: Dimitri II (Tver Rurikids)

Tsars of All Russias [62]
1586-1619: Dmitri II (Tver Rurikids)
1619-1627: Yuri IV "The Great" (Tver Rurikids)
1627-1642: Ivan V (Tver Rurikids)
1642-1668: Dmitri III (Tver Rurikids)
1668-1692: Boris VI "The German" (House von Oldenburg)[73]
1692-1721: Piotr I (House von Oldenburg)
1721-1755: Dmitri IV (House von Oldenburg) [76]
1755-1773: Michael I (House von Oldenburg)
1773-1793: Piotr II (House von Oldenburg)
1793-1841: Ivan VI (House von Oldenburg)
1841-1865: Michael II (House von Oldenburg) [105]
1865-1888: Michael III (House von Oldenburg)


Popes

1061-1073:Alexander II, Holy Roman Empire
1073-1099: Alexander III, Holy Roman Empire (born Anselm of Lucca, nephew to prior pope)
1099-1112 : Sylvester III, France
1112-1127: John XX, Norman Italy
1127-1141: Paschal II, France
1141: John XXI, Norman Italy
1141-1159: Paschal III, Aragon
1159-1163: Benedict X, Holy Roman Empire
1163-1192: Gregory VIII, Hungary
1192-1198: Paschal IV, England
1198-1215: Roanald I, France
1215: John XXII, France
1215-1220: Benedict XI, Norman Italy
1220: Leo X, France
1220-1239: Innocent II, Scotland
1239-1260: Bd. Paul I, Leon
1260-1278: Leo XI, Scotland
1278-1281: John XXIII, France
1281-1294: Benedict Paul II, France
1294-1312: Paschal V, France
1312-1327: Luke I, England [20]
1327-1342: Urban II, Milan
1342-1360: Gregory IX, Leon
1360-1376: Luke II, Switzerland [29]
1376-1412 : Urban III, Milan [33]
1412-1460: Martin II "The Young Pope", Sicily [35]
1424-1453 : Luke III, Flanders [38]
1430-1448: Urban IV, Rome [38]
1460-1469: Gregory X, Leon[42]
1453-1455 : John XXIV, Holy Roman Empire
1448-1470: Leo XI, France [43]
1455-1471: Benedict Paul III, Holy Roman Empire [43]
Interregnum 1469-1490 [43]
1490-1518: Leo XII, France [49]
1518-1539 : John XXV, Venice
1539-1542: Luke IV, Flanders
1542-1570: Benedict Paul IV, Milan
1570-1583: Luke V, Switzerland
1583-1591: Leo XIII, France
1591-1613: Gregory XI, Leon
1613-1633: Gregory XII, Tuscany [63]
1633-1647: Paul II, Sardinia
1647-1661: Leo XIV, Florence[71]
1661-1667: Leo XV, Italy
1667-1694: Paul III, Sicily
1694-1720: Paul IV, Papal State [75]
1720-1730: Paul V, Italy
1730-1753: Paul VI, Sicily [76]
1753-1765: Benedict XII, Italy
1765-1788: Luke VI, Italy
1788-1830: Urban V, Scandanavia [87]
1830-1863: Luke V, Italy [88]
1863-1892: John XXVI, Italy



[1] Died without leaving an heir and to prevent a crisis named his strongest ally, Thomas, heir to the throne
[2]Was a lord in English held Wales
[3]Declared himself Holy Roman Emperor with backing of Pope Paschal III
[4]Killed thousands of his own and was overthrown in a rebellion
[5]Deposed his own father as Emperor, and ruled as de facto King of Hungary until his father's death, at which point he became legal King.
[6]Great-grandson of Macbeth I, he saw his house's restoration to the Scottish throne with the help of Norway.
[7]Crowned at age 6. Died of smallpox at age 11.
[8]Frederick who claimed descent from Charlemagne, overthrew Andrew the Unlucky, and spent much of his reign in conflict with Bela II of Hungary.
[9] Bela was elected Holy Roman Emperor through the machinations of his father after Conrad I's death. Upon his father's death, he became King Bela III of Hungary, uniting once again the two thrones.
[10] Disappeared during a festival. With no immediate heirs, the event prompted a dynastic crisis and the throne remained empty for several years, with internal and external battles fought between various pretenders.
[11] Technically August of Scotland should have become king, but the Dukes didn't want a foreign ruler and asked Antoine de Flandre to become king instead
[12] Same man as Imre I, until the Khan of the Golden Horde decided that since he had two crowns, he should be two men. Last male member of the Arpads and last king of Hungary for quite some time.
[13] Louis's reign saw the beginning of the War of French Succession, where Macbeth IV attempted to claim the Throne with English support. Louis was killed in the Battle of Flanders.
[14] Stephan included the title of "King of Hungary" among his honors, though he never reclaimed Budapest or 'Old Hungary' from the Mongols during his lengthy reign.
[15] The reign of the Angelus Dynasty ended when Constantinople fell to the Golden Horde in 1275. Möngke Temür, Khan of the Golden Horde, drowned John III in molten gold after looting the city. The Horde were so impressed by the city's fortifications that they adopted it as their capital.
[16] Macbeth actually managed to be coronated in Paris after the Battle of Flanders, but his claim was never recognized by much of the realm, the War of French Succession continuing throughout his entire life.
[17] Alexius set up a court in exile in Cyprus, and considered himself the Roman Emperor.
[18] Last Scottish King to claim the crown of France. He was captured and was only released by Antoine II after he renounced the claims of his family to the crown of France.
[19] Descendant from a Bastard Line of the House of Arpad. Freed the country from the Mongols. He took the name of his household from his birthplace. Married Holy Roman Emperor Bela II's daughter to suspend any claims the Emperor could have had on Hungary.
[20] Archbishop Edward of Canterburry choosed this name because he considered Luke the Evangelist to be his model.
[21] Upon his death Cyprus was invaded by the Syrian Turks, ending the legacy of Rome
[22] The first Rus prince to overthrow the hold of the Mongols
[23] A papal bull established the emperorship as electoral, to avoid any more non-German rulers from taking over the Empire and using her resources for their own gain like the Arpads did. Interestingly, all of the electors were either members or allies of the Luxemburg house, who had supported the current pope's election
[24] Born and educated in Constantinople, Tuda Temur become a fervorous christian and, with the death of his father, he converted officially his empire. Even if most of the Golden Horde lands were lost to (both mongol and european) warlords, the core of former Byzantine Empire was kept.
[25] Spouse of Imre III, eldest daughter of the norman king Roger IV.
[26] Louis X died without issue, leaving the French throne to his nephew, Antoine, who ruled France as Antoine IV, and Castile as Antonio I.
[27] Grandson of Emperor Bela II through a bastard son. Took the throne of Hungary through marriage with Felicia. Inherited Constantinople from John IV, who died without issue. Lead successful Eastern Crusade, driving off the final remnants of the Golden Horde in the Balkans and Anatolia.
[28] Conflict for the Principality of Vladimir ended with recognition of Rurikid claim by Poland, with Hungary acting as mediator. In return, Hungary and Vladimir swore to support Poland's claim to the Throne of Bohemia.
[29] Papacy shifted to Constance at urging of House of Luxembourg.
[30] Due to tensions in Castille, Antoine IV/I decided to separate his possessions upon his death, entrusting France to his eldest son, Charles, and Castille to his second son, Robert.
[31] Assassinated under mysterious circumstances. Pope Urban III is suspected to have commandidated the murder, so that the Papacy could go back to Rome.
[32] Robert III of Scotland is a descendant of Alexander IV of England's eldest daughter. Due to an epidemy of Smallpox in the English Royal family, he found himself as the only heir to the English throne and was crowned as Robert IV. He proved unable to rule both kingdoms, which caused his assassination.
[33] Conflicted often with the Holy Roman Emperors because of his wish to bring the papacy back to Rome. Ultimately succeeded upon Conrad II's death.
[34] While leading a group of soldiers to confront a small tax rebellion in Savoie, Henri's cape became caught in his horse's saddle as he tried to dismount. The horse became alarmed and ran off, dragging the French king behind him. He died of his injuries several days later. The horse was later killed.
[35] Youngest reigning Pope. During his rule, he attempted to take advantage of civil unrest in the Middle East and called forth the Tenth Crusade. Also notable for personally leading the Christian forces during the initial invasion.
[36] Henry's death without issue saw a lengthy interregnum as the throne of France fought over by the Capet-Flanders of Castile, the Capet-Burgundys of Scotland, and the House of Luxembourg, amongst others.
[37] A member of the lower nobility, Alfred presented himself as a restorer of old English rule.
[38] Martin's efforts for a crusade recieved lukewarm support from all western Kingdoms save Leon, whose King Alphonso accompanied Martin and died in the field, and opposition in the East, who saw it as a needless folly. Despite this, Martin and his forces were able to take much of the north of Egypt. However, his constant demands for more support, and increasingly grandiose claims of papal supremacy caused the House of Luxembourg to sponsor the antipope Luke III, "the Pope of Constance". As the situation deteriorated, the French and various Italian princes supported their own candidate, Urban IV, "the Pope of Rome", finding Martin just as objectionable as Luke. The resulting Papal Schism would dominate much of the "Pope of Jerusalem's" reign.
[39]After the political instability in Castille, the House of Capet-Flanders lost power; The old house of Burgundy, much weakened by now, was chosen as it was a compromisse between the germans and british, and also had support in France.
[40]: title received due to the discovery of Terrarrica. After the expelling of the Jerusalem Pope from the Crusader lands, the leonese launched a small crusade to expel the last Moors from Iberia, and stabilished a new city near Murcia with the Terrarican gold.
[41]: The personal union developed into an official unification of both countries. The centralization of the Empire in Constatinople, but with Catholicism (Constance branch) as official religion, causing serious instabilities.
[42]: the Jerusalem Papacy, after defeats in the Holy Land and without a route to the east, was re-based in Leon, focusing in the Reconquista.
[43] Following the deaths of the Pope of Jerusalum and the Pope of Rome, Antoine V of France focused on attempting to reunite the two branches of Catholicism. The death of the Pope Benedict Paul III a year later was seen as a sign that all three branches must unify. For the next few years, all three seats remained empty as the cardinals of each branch attempted to work on a compromise.
[44] Shortest reigning Holy Roman Emperor, with a total rule of approximately eight hours. On the night of his coronation, Heinrich mistook a large open window as the entryway for a balcony. He subsequently fell several stories to his death.
[45] Due to a lack of male successors and a fear of other monarchs claiming the nation, after the death of Gaspar, his daughter, Isabella, inherited the throne. Isabella's reign saw a dramatic increase in the stability and prestige of Leon. Like her father, she funded a multitude of expeditions and made significant efforts to increase Leon's presence in the New World. For her achievements, she is often considered one of the Greatest European Monarchs and Mother Hispania.
[46] Due to the instabilities caused by the Catholic Emperor Stephen II, the Hungarian Dynasty is deposed by Constantine Psellos, an orthodox man who claimed to be descendent of Alexius I Comnenus. He declares himself Emperor of the Romans and the Byzantine Empire is restored, while Hungary succumbs into a serious civil war between the two surviving sons of Stephen; Bela and Benedek.
[47] Constantine held his "Eastern Roman Empire"--consisting largely of Constantinople and a small portion of the lands surrounding it, for twenty-three years, by regularly bribing the Hungarian Emperor, his Rurikid and Pole allies, and the Turks. Eventually, the Turks decided the bribes weren't big enough, leading to the Second Sacking of Constantinople by the ambitious Kilij Arslan VII of the Seljuk Rum. Constantine was killed in the assault, after which the Turks made themselves masters of Constantinople.
[48] After defeating his brother in the civil war, Bela had himself crowned "Roman Emperor in the East" in Buda-Pest, which was again made the capital. While Bela would occasionally make a motion at recapturing Constantinople, he considered the city more trouble than it was worth. Henceforth, the ruler of Hungary was the 'Roman Emperor of the East', commonly called the 'Hungarian Emperor'.
[49] After much debate, it was agreed that the Roman claim was correct, with the new Pope, Leo XII taking his name from his predecessor. The papacies of Constance and "Jerusalem"--presently based in Lisbon--are declared to be "archcardinalates"--a new rank invented specifically for this situation--allowed to "comment" and "elucidate" on the Pope's decisions.
[50] Only surviving son of Charles V, he was in a precarious situation at the beginning of his reign as his cousin, Duke Henri of Aquitaine, had his eyes on the crown. He proved to be very strong in politics, getting rid of his ennemies or isolating them. He also played an important role on European politics, being the most well informed thanks to his spies. Earned his nickname because it was said no fly could escape his web of agents.
Philip I was also very close to the people and did everything he could to weaken the French nobility's power.
[51] Isabella I of Leon married her eldest son, Alphonso, to the newly crowned Queen Maria I of Castille in 1524. When Alphonso IX ascended the throne, both he and Maria declared that their eldest son would inherit both the crowns of Castille and Leon.
[52] Sometimes called Arthur III because of the Arthurian legends. The most honest and benevolent king of his time, he never got along with Philip I of France whom he never trusted. Died peacefully in his sleep although conspiracist theory said the French king had him poisonned.
[53] Sadly, Alphonso and Maria died without issue. The throne of Leon went to Alphonso's brother Gaspar, the throne of Castile went to Maria's cousin, Ferdinand. However, both kings laid claim to the other throne, setting off a lengthy war that increased resentment and rivalry between the two kingdoms.
[54] Was a teenage vassal of Joan II but gained support among the people and lords as he claimed descent from Robert I. Fought a brutal civil war with Joan that ended in Joan's death at the hands of an assassin. Fought on and off wars with France but was always victorious.
[55] When Sigismund IV died without issue, Konrad, a low-level noble of dubious origin claimed the throne, citing illegitimate descent from Sigismund III. He was opposed by most of the nobles of Poland, the Prince of Vladimir, and the Emperor of Hungary. After his reign, young Sigismund V, of the House of Jagiellon, was given the throne under regency. He proved an able and wise King.
[56] Sulyeman VII was overthrown by Matthias the Mighty, ending the rule of the Rum Seljuk over Constantinople. Matthias chose to keep the capital at Budapest, and instead gave rule of the city of Constantinople to the Patriarch, a state of affairs that his descendents maintained.
[57] After Douglas II died without male issue -- his only son having died on a French battlefield -- Alfred inheritted the Scottish throne through his mother; his dual reign is compared very favorably with that of Robert the Scot.
[58] After the death of Antonio, Juan V of Aragon proved to be the next of kin. Already King of Navarre and Sicily, Juan proved to be an important figure in Iberian politics
[59] Charles V proved to be the last Emperor to be important because he was Emperor. After his death, a struggle between the Wittlesbachs, Hohenstaufens, and the Romanofs of Sweden-Norway borke the Empire's stability
[60] To streamline things, Alfred V/I merged the kingdoms into the Kingdom of Albion by royal decree (What's that? An elected body of officials called Parliament calling the shots in Britain? How absurd!). William II/I maintained this, and added Ireland, to boot, and the Act is still enforced today. William II was also the last king of England to hold land in France, for his reign saw Bretagne and Normandy fall to the French, though the heir apparent of England is still titled "Duke of Normandy".
[61] After the death of Emperor John, the line passed through his dead sister to her son, Sigismund Jagiellon, the King of Poland and Bohemia. Sigismund was wholly uninterested in the country, and this marks the beginning of Hungary's slow decline
[62] In 1608 Prince Yuri marched down with a massive army and took Constantinople from the Magyars, crowning himself Tsar of All Russias in the process. By this point, Constantinople was a shadow of its former glory, so Yuri returned home to Suzdal. Yuri is also, through a bizarre and labyrinthine series of inheritances, the technical king of Jerusalem, though that claim is maintained only to give the Coat of Arms some cool imagery
[63] At this point more and more popes were being selected from Italian statelets
[64] The Sultanate continued on after losing Constaninople to the Hungarians, and became the preeminent power in the Middle East.
[65] Carlos I of Aragon and Castille had been married with Infante Isabella of Leon. An epidemy of smallpox in the royal family left Isabella as the sole heir to the crown of Leon, virtually merging Castille, Aragon and Leon.
[66] Ludwig of Baden's candidature had very few chances of succeeding. Yet, because of the struggle between the Hohenstaufen, Romanovs and Wittelsbach, who were doing everything so that one of their rivals wouldn't get the crown, the electors designated him. Ludwig IV was a good emperor, but he sadly spent the majority of his reign to play as an arbiter between the three rival houses. According to some, he died of exhaustion.
[67] In November 1624, Robert of Arran, a descendant of Macbeth VII, rose in uprising againt the English Kings as he opposed the act of Union. He was crowned as Robert IV and fought for independance. He fell in Battle in March 1625 and the rebels, deprived of their leaders, surrendered to the William III. This was the only serious uprising immediately after the union of Scotland and England.
[68] Laszlo I was more competent than his father, but the rule of Sigismund I had turned the Hungarian nobility against the Emperor. Laszlo I would be the last Emperor to reign relatively unopposed, despite some huge political fights with the nobility. He earned his surname many years later, as he was the first who saw the Twilight of the Hungarian Empire.
[69] The next election for Holy Roman Emperor ended in charges of corruption and fraud, with every participant claiming to have won, and been cheated by the others. Over a decade of inconclusive fighting and dubious claiments ended with the formal dissolution of the "Empire" into a group of independent states.
[70] The ascent of Laszlo II--a known opponent of the Magyar nobility--to the throne convinced the gentry that enough was enough. The Hungarian Senate met, formally deposed Laszlo and his line, and installed a distant cousin, John of Bucharest, who took as his house name "Mojmir-Arpad". The Fifteen Year War between Poland and Hungary was devastating for both nations, but ended with Hungary seperated from Poland, and the throne of Poland gaining recognition as an imperial throne in its own right.
[71] Ferdinand V formally merged all the crowns he controlled as he recognized the legitimacy of the italian crown, convincing the Pope to give him the title of Emperor of Hispania.
[72] Shortly after the partial dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Pietro de Medici, who was grand duke of Tuscany and besieged Milan, used his influence with the pope (a Medici himself, and Pietro's uncle) to achieve the Italian crown. Such realm was not, obviously, recognized by many of the german sucessor states, but it slowly got legitimacy, specially after the Iberian merging.
[73] The death of Dmitri III with no heir caused the Russians to look for a relation able to take the throne. The best available candidate was Ernest of the now dispossessed House of von Oldenberg, who took the reign name of Boris as a sign of his devotion to his new homeland. Having only a limited understanding of Russian custom, Boris's reign saw the Russian Senate taking a dominant role in the governing of Great Rus.
[74] Philip III, being mad, was never married and died without issue. The succession then went to Charles, Count of Champagne, Philip III's cousin and a descendant of Philip I.
[75] Gave the Papal State a small island in Terrarrica (OTL Barbados) as a gift. Due to the Papal State's lack of seafaring capabilities however, the island remained under de facto Hispapanian control until the mid 1800s, when it became home to the Archcardinalate of Jerusalem.
[76] Antoine VI launched the Italian Wars in 1721, with Bavaria and Baden as his allies, by invading of northern Italy, claiming to be in support of his 'oppressed allies' in Genoa and Venice. (Hispania, though disliking the new Italian state, which it felt threatened its holdings in Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica, was equally threatened by French interest in Tolosa and Marsiho, and so rebuffed Antoine's efforts for an alliance.) Antoine's invasion met spirited resistance from the Italians and condemnation from the Pope. In 1722, Albion, Luxembourg, and Hungary came to the assistance of Italy, hoping to restrain French power. (Albion and Luxembourg both hoped to gain land from France as well.) This brought Scandinavia and Swabia into the war in 1723, which brought Poland and Russia into the war in 1724. The whole affair ended in 1727 with thousands dead, and little changes in the international scene, the big losers being Swabia, which lost several eastern provinces to Poland, and Scandinavia, which lost Finland to Russia.
[77] Philip IV never approved the foreign politics of his father, though he participated in the Italian Wars. The bloodbath that engulfed Europe shocked him, especially when his eldest brother Louis died on the battlefield. When Antoine VI finally died, Philip IV did everything he could to erase the misdeeds of his father and restore France's image. By the end of his reign, France was once again seen as a respectable nation.
[78] While the Holy Roman Empire existed, Thuringia was ruled by another royal house, the Ludowinger Dynasty. In 1639, Hermann III, the last Ludowinger King of Thuringia died ans the throne passed to his daughter, whom had married Augustus II of Saxony. The major powers of the Holy Roman Empire, namely the competing houses for the Holy Roman Emperor crown, didn't wish for a Saxon-Thuringia Union and appealed to Emperor Ludwig IV. When Augustus II of Saxony died in 1645, Saxony and Thuringia were partitionned between his two sons. They were only recognized as Independant Kings once the Holy Roman Empire exploded.
[79] Alexander VI died without sons. Shortly before his death, he passed a law allowing women to succeed the crown, but only if a king had no longer any sons. This allowed Elisabeth I to take the crown. Though she is remembered for her great beauty, Elisabeth I was far from stupid : today, she is remembered as the first female monarch of Albion but also as one of its greatest.
[80] After Alp Arslan VI's death, the Seljuk Sultanate was left without an heir to the throne. The nobles formally elected Abdel Aziz Osmanli, the wealthiest, wisest and most powerful of them all, to suceed the Sultan.
[81] Edmund was king Alexander VI's brother and thus Elisabeth I's uncle. He was known for his administrative skills but also for his huge ambition. While his brother was aging, he acted more and more like he was the King. He opposed his niece when she succeeded the crown and tried to make Scotland secede. While at first he rallied all those opposing Elisabeth, he proved to be a tyran and was soon abandonned. Six month after his rebellion, he was betrayed by Duke Richard of York, his best friend, who brought him before Elisabeth. Richard of York was pardoned while Edmund was beheaded.
[82] William V of Albion was the son of Elisabeth and her consort, Prince Charles of Luxembourg, who took the house name of "Monmouth-von Luxembourg". Being of a prideful nature, he started what in France, England and Hispania are known as "the Colonial Wars", and what are known in the East and the German states as "the Wars of Betrayal". William sought to improve Albion's power by increasing its colonial holdings in North Terrarica, his mother's careful project. He planned to do this by seizing France and Hispania's holdings, both far more extensive than Albion's. In this he had the encouragement of his uncle, Otto XIII of Luxembourg, who assured him that if he made his move, Luxembourg would declare war on France. Thus distracted, France would be unable to pursuse a full-scale war, leaving Albion to face only Hispania--which would not want to commit too many resources to preserving the significantly poorer northern colonies. In 1775, William made his move. However, while Luxembourg DID declare war on France, most of its energies were spent persecuting France's allies in the German states, specifically Saxony and Thuringia. This caused Poland, Baden, and Bavaria to declare war on Luxembourg's allies Brandenburg and Swabia. Albion found itself facing the combined might of Hispania and France with virtually no support. By the war's end in 1883, Albion had lost most of its colonies in Terrarica, Hispania ruled the waves, France became the primary colonial power in North Terrarica, Luxembourg absorbed Thuringa and most of Saxony--Scandinavia, a latecomer to the war, getting the rest--Poland absorbed Brandenburg, and Baden and Bavaria split Swabia between them. William drank himself to death, a broken man, while Otto enjoyed a reputation as the most devious monarch in Europe, as people whispered of secret treaties, and treacherous agreements between supposed enemies.
[83] Pietro travelled extensively throughout Europe and Terrarica in his youth, gaining an admiration for the Eastern Empires and a hearty contempt for much of the West. Why is it, he would ask, that the Western monarch may be no more than a king, and rule no more than a tiny province, and yet he demands absolute power over his land and all who live in it, while the Emperors of the East rule over vast lands, and see themselves as servants of the State? He even compared Russia's conquest of the East 'where they have sought to educate and improve those savages that God has seen to place under their rule', to Hispania's 'brutal enslavement' of Terrarica's natives. All this talk was seen as the idle chatter of a gadfly--until Pietro's elder brother Lorenzo died, followed by his father, making him the King of Italy. Pietro "easternized" his court, creating a Senate, and freeing the serfs. The success of his reforms--less remarkable when one considers that he ruled over a heavily urbanized state which contained in it several former republics--created an enthusiasm for "easternization" throughout much of Western Europe, especially among younger nobles and the growing middle class.
[84] As the Colonial War raged on across Europe and Terrarica, war exhaustion began to grow throughout France and its holdings. In an attempt to please prevent a full-scale revolution, Louis XIII instituted a number of government reforms limiting the power of future monarchs, and granting more to the peasantry. This had the effect of making him very unpopular among the aristocracy but loved by the lower classes.
[85] Although Otto's move dramatically increased Luxemburg's temporal power, it also made Luxemburg the most hated nation in all of Europe and drastically reduced the nation's prestige. Peter's more confrontational personality only worsened matters, as did his craven submission to Bainbridge Plunkett. Although he won the war, Luxemburg was shunned by the other nations and their merchants were banned from most centers of trade. Peter also became the first monarch to be excommunicated by the Church in several centuries after agents from Luxemburg were discovered attempting to infiltrate the Vatican. Many Luxembourgish fled in seek of stability in neighboring countries. He did not live to see the massive revolts that would spread throughout the country after his death.
[86] Paul is remembered for having close ties with the Papacy. Aside from guaranteeing the Papal State's independence, he also worked with the Church to send a significant force of missionaries to the East. The canonization process began almost immediately after his death.
[87] Urban reported to have had a dream of the Church becoming filled with corruption. Fearing that this was a prophetic vision from God, he established the role of the Inquisitor within the Church. The purpose of this official is to monitor the clergy to prevent any abuses or scandals. He was viewed with distrust by many of his peers as a result of his country of origin.
[88] With massive cultural, technological and political changes occuring around the world Luke called the First Council of Rome, to deal with rising contemporary issues and redefine vital Church doctrine. The most prominent decision made by the council was its definition of Papal Infallibility. (The Decision on this is same as our own)
[89] Established the First Constitution of the Kingdom of France, an idea that had already been planned by his father Louis XIII. The King's powers were limited, though they remained quite important, and a Parliament was created. This Parliament was composed by two chambers : the Senate, composed mostly by the Nobility, and the Chambre, composed by representant of the people. Louis XIV was one of the most efficient rulers of France. Despite this, his reign is touched by connection to the infamous Bainbridge Plunkett, to whom he granted Normandy and Brittany, the title of "Prince of France" and the hand of his sister Francoise.
[90] Grandson of Diego II, he was crowned at age 18. His 55 years old reign is one of the longest in European history. His principled defiance of Bainbridge Plunkett's invasion made him a hero to Spain.
[91] Son of William V. He was unable to resolve the great economical crisis left by his father and his reforms didn't resolved the problem but increased them. He also faced a huge opposition from the nobility, led by the Dukes of York, who didn't want to let go of their privileges.
[92] He was sufferring from a lung cancer from the whole of his reign.
[93] Charles spent much of his reign in exile in the Papal States, as Bainbridge Plunkett, by all practical measures, ruled the German States.
[94] Ulrich died in exile waiting for the fall of Bainbridge Plunkett. By his instruction, his body was buried in Rome, his heart in Switzerland.
[95] Ambitious and spiteful, Gustav began his reign with wars against Luxembourg, Poland and Russia, all of which failed to accomplish much. Scandinavia was then conquered by Bainbridge Plunkett. After being thrown out of the Papal States, Gustav was shuffled around Europe, dying in Russia.
[96] Nicholas was "crowned" in Russia, and spent the early years of his reign waiting for Bainbridge Plunkett's defeat. Afterwards, he did his best to maintain good relations with the monarchs of Europe, especially the Eastern Empires.
[97] Lorenzo, a dreamy and senstitive man, found himself acting as the linchpin for resistance to Bainbridge Plunkett after France's surrender. A talented painter, sculptor and musician, his courage became as famous as his art.
[98] Harold IV was if anything even more inept than his father, bankrupting Albion by sponsoring rebellion in the colonies. His efforts at reform, including calling 'Parlement' for the first time in centuries, ultimately engulfed Albion in rebellion and chaos. The crown was overthrown, and the English Republic was born. Harold, his wife, and his children were all killed by the Republicans.
[99] An effort to create a new government without a King, the English Republic lurched from bloody excess to bloody excess for its fourteen year reign, as even powers sympathetic to it came to reject its radical nature. In its later years, the ambitious Irish general Bainbridge Plunkett rose to fame. Racking up victories in Scandinavia and France, he became the hero of the Republic.
[100] Bainbridge Plunkett was named Dictator by popular acclaim. (Or at least, that was the official line). The Anglo-Irish General ruled with an iron fist, while conquering the German States, and fending off Poland, Russia, and Hispania. France's surrender and his marriage to Francoise de Champagne saw "the Hero of the Republic" take a startling move.
[101] Crowned as Emperor Bainbridge I, Plunkett continued to his mad ambition, launching wars in the Colonies, and the infamous "Hispanic Expedition" that gutted his army. Though he succeeded in holding the day of reckoning off for eleven years, eventually the combined forces of great Polish General Jan Potocki, his Russian counterpart Arkadin Surorov, and the Hispania Armada launched the first successful invasion of Albion in centuries. Bainbridge was deposed, sent to Iceland, and the Monmouth-von Luxembourg's restored to the throne.
[102] Harold IV's brother, William was more competent than his brother, but still found himself swamped by Albion's massive problems. The sudden return of Bainbridge Plunkett from exile toppled his first government, and he fled to the Continent.
[103] Bainbridge's second reign lasted for two hundred days, ending in his defeat by a massive French-Polish Army led by Jan Potocki in the Battle of Morbihan. This time he was exiled to Greenland, where he died three years later.
[104] William's second reign saw him grappling more successfully with Albion's problems--still reform was proving difficult.
[105] Selim I was a tolerant and enlightened monarch who sought peace and understanding with Europe. His most amazing accomplishment is the famed Egyptian Canal, which gave access to the Red Sea--and thus the Indian Ocean--from the Mediterranean. The canal was funded by a mixture of Turkish, Hungarian and Russian funds, and gave Eastern Europe readier access to India, much to Hispania's displeasure.

 

[Yorel]

I'm claiming next post.

EDIT : Done.

Monarchs of France

987-996:Hugh Capet (Capetian Dynasty)
996-1025: Robert II (Capetian Dynasty)
1025-1056 : Hugh II Magnus (Capetian Dynasty, eldest son of Robert II)
1056-1074: Hugh III (Capetian Dynasty)
1074-1101: Robert III (Capetian Dynasty)
1101-1102: Hugh IV (end of Capetian Dynasty)
1102-1129: Eudes II le Pieux (Capet-Burgundy)
1129-1147: Guy I (Capet-Burgundy)
1147-1178: Louis VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1178-1201: Henri I (Capet-Burgundy)
1201-1205: Henri II (Capet-Burgundy)
1205-1214 : Guy II (Capet-Burgundy)
1214-1246 : Louis VII "the Great" (Capet-Burgundy, under regency from 1214 to 1220)
1246-1269: Louis VIII "the Small" (Capet-Burgundy)
1269-1298: (Saint) Henri III "The Saint" (Capet-Burgundy)
1298-1312: Antoine I (Capet-Flanders) [11]
1312-1316: Louis IX (Capet-Flanders) [13]
1316-1350: Antoine II the Wise (Capet-Flanders)
1350-1357: Antoine III (Capet-Flanders)
1357-1390: Louis X (Capet-Flanders)
1390-1423: Antoine IV (Capet-Flanders)[26]
1423-1462 : Charles IV "the Good" (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1462-1465: Henri IV "The King of Fools" (Capet-Flanders) [34]
Interregnum: 1465-1473 [36]
1473 - 1488: Louis XI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)[39]
1488 - 1520: (Saint) Antoine V, "The Holy" [43]
1520 - 1525: Charles V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1525 - 1563 : Philip I "the Spider" (House of New Capet-Burgundy) [50]
1563-1602: Henri V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1602-1616: Philip II (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1616-1629: Henri VI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1629-1654: Louis XII (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1654-1668: Henri VII (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1668-1670: Philip III "The Mad" (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1670-1702: Charles VI (House of Champagne) [74]
1702- 1719: Henri VIII (House of Champagne)
1719-1738: Antoine VI "the Bloody" (House of Champagne) [76]
1738-1774: Philip IV "The Redeemer" (House of Champagne) [77]
1774-1798: Henri IX "the Victorious" (House of Champagne) [82]
1798-1853: Louis XIII "Father of the People" (House of Champagne) [84]
1853-1892: Louis XIV "the Great" (House of Champagne) [89]
1892-1913: Charles VII "the Diplomat" (House of Champagne) [106]

Kings of New France

1897-1921: Henri I "the Liberator" (House of Louisiana) [106]

Monarchs of Castille

1037-1065: Ferdinand I "The Great" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1065-1090: Garcia II "The Unlikely" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1090-1120 : Ferdinand II (Jimenez Dynasty, son of Garcia II)
1120-1132: Jimena I (Jimenez Dynasty, first female ruler of Castille, Leon, and Galicia)
1132-1137: Javier I (Jimenez Dynasty, sudden death kills off the Dynasty)
1137-1274: Under Leon
1274-1299: Guillermo I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1299-1331: Guillermo II (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1331-1342: Guillermo III (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1342-1360: Roberto I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1360-1389: Vicente I (Capet-Flanders)
1389-1423: Antonio I (Capet-Flanders) [26]
1423-1457: Roberto II (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1457-1460: Antonio II (Capet-Flanders)
1460-1483: Vicente II (Capet Flanders) [36]
1483-1490: Guillermo IV (Capet Flanders)
1490-1516: Antonio III (Capet Flanders)
1516-1557 : Maria I "the Gentle" (Capet-Flanders) [51]
1557-1572: Ferdinand III (Capet-Flanders)[53]
1572-1603: Antonio IV (Capet-Flanders)
1603-1624: Juan I (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1654-1660: Isabella I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]

Kings of Leon
1137-1140: Sancho III (Astur Dynasty, Castille is now part of Leon)
1140-1157: Sancho IV (Astur Dynasty)
1157-1182: Jorge I (Astur Dynasty)
1182-1193: Sancho V (Astur Dynasty)
1193-1214: Ramiro IV (Astur Dynasty, dies without heir. Dynasty is overthrown)
1214-1236: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1236-1241: Pedro I (Romaniv Dynasty)
1241-1248: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1248-1260: Ferdinand II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1260-1265: Alphonso VI "the Child" (Romaniv Dynasty) [7]
Interregnum 1265-1278
1260-1265: Gaspar I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1265-1292: Gaspar II (Corte-Real)
1292-1307: Paulino III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1307-1324: Alphonso VII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1324-1357: Ferdinand III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1357-1370: Gaspar III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1370-1392: Ferdinand IV (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1392-1437 : Alphonso VIII "the Warrior" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1437-1487: Gaspar V "The Scholar" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1487-1515: Gaspar VI "The Golden" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[40]
1515-1540: Isabella I "The High Queen" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [45]
1540-1563: Alphonso IX "The Handsome" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [51]
1563-1588: Gaspar VII "The Good" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[53]
1588-1615: Gaspar VIII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1615-1649: Alphonso X "The Great" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]

Emperors of Hispania
1673-1691: Ferdinand V (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1691-1704: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1704-1750: Carlos III (Corte-Real Dynasty) [75]
1750-1782: Diego I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]
1782-1819: Diego II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]
1819-1874: Felipe I "the Long" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [90]
1874-1908: Felipe II (Corte-Real Dynasty)

Holy Roman Emperors

912-973:Otto I (Ottonian Dynasty)
973-992: Liudolf I "The Saxon" (Ottonian Dynasty, later known as Saxon Dynasty after Liudolf's powerbase and Anglo-Saxon ancestry)
992-1024 : Otto II (Saxon Dynasty, son of Liudolf I)
1024-1048: Liudolf II (Saxon Dynasty)
1048-1062: Otto III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062: Liudolf III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062-1079: Heinrich II der Lowenhertz (Liutpolding Dynasty, aka Bavarian Dynasty)
1079-1104: Otto IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1104-1126: Charles IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1126-1131: Heinrich III (end of Bavarian Dynasty)
1131-1152: Stephen III "The Hungarian" (Arpad Dynasty) [3]
1153-1181: Bruno I (II) (Arpad Dynasty) [5]
1181-1192 : Andrew II "the Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty)
1192-1213 : Frederick I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)[8]
1213-1223 : Conrad I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1224-1264: Bela I (III) (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Heinrich IV (Arpad Dynasty) [12]
1281-1315: Stephan IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14]
1315-1332 : Bela II (Mojmir Dynasty)
1332-1359: Otto VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [23]
1359-1390: Heinrich V (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1390-1392: Otto VIII (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1392-1410 : Conrad II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [31]
1410-1438: Otto IX (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1438-1471: Heinrich VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [36]
1471-1471: Heinrich VII (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [44]
1471-1478: Otto X (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1478-1493 : Conrad III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1493-1522: Conrad IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1522-1554 : Charles V (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1554-1574: Otto XI (Von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1574-1607: Heinrich VIII (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1607-1636: Charles V (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [59]
1636-1648: Ludwig IV "the Unexpected" (House of Baden) [66]
The Great Dispute [69]

Kings of Bavaria (Wittelsbach Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1666: Charles VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1666-1689: Ludwig V (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1689-1727: Ludwig VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [76]
1727-1759: Maximilian I (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1759-1788: Maximilian II (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [82]
1788-1830: Maximilian III (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1830-1872: Charles VII (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [93]
1872-1911: Maximilian IV (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [107]

Kings of Swabia (Hohenstaufen Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1672: Frederick II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1672-1694: Frederick III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1694-1701: Conrad V (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1701-1738: Frederick IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [76]
1738-1767: Heinrich IX (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1767-1783: Frederick V "the Last" (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [82]
Absorbed by Baden and Bavaria

Grand Dukes of Baden and Switzerland (Baden Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1657: Franz I (House of Baden)
1657-1690: Ulrich I (House of Baden)
1690-1738: Franz II (House of Baden) [76]
1738-1762: Karl Franz I (House of Baden)
1762-1784: Ulrich II (House of Baden) [82]
1784-1800: Franz III (House of Baden)
1800-1836: Karl Franz II (House of Baden)
1836-1858: Ulrich III "the Exile" (House of Baden) [94]
1858-1891: Ulrich IV (House of Baden)
1891-1920: Karl Franz II (House of Baden) [107]

Kings of Luxembourg, Hesse, Hanover, and the Rhine (Von Luxembourg Claimants to the HRE)
1636-1669: Otto XII (von Luxembourg)
1669-1688: Heinrich VII (von Luxembourg)
1688-1727: Heinrich VIII (von Luxembourg) [76]
1727-1749: Charles VI (Von Luxembourg)
1749-1798: Otto XIII "the Old" "the Fortunate" (Von Luxembourg) [82]
1798-1820: Heinrich IX (Von Luxembourg)
1820-1883: Peter I "The Wretched King" (Von Luxembourg) [85]
1883-1892: Peter II (Von Luxembourg)
1892-1914: Charles VII (Von Luxembourg) [107]

Kings of Scandinavia (Romanov Claimants to the HRE)
1642-1667: Gustav IV (Romanov)
1667-1684: Nicholas III (Romanov)
1684-1716: Gustav V (Romanov)
1716-1745: Nicholas IV (Romanov) [76]
1745-1778: Michael I (Romanov)
1778-1806: Michael II (Romanov) [82]
1806-1858: Gustav VI "The Ice King" (Romanov) [95]
1858-1883: Nicholas V "the Wise" (Romanov) [96]
1883-1907: Michael III (Romanov)

Kings of Saxony
1648-1681: Augustus III (House of Wettin) [78]
1681-1703: John II (House of Wettin)
1703-1739: Albert IV (House of Wettin)
1739-1762: Ernest II (House of Wettin)
1762-1783: Ernest III "the Hapless" (House of Wettin) [82]
Absorbed by Luxembourg and Scandinavia

Kings of Thuringia
1648-1662: Hermann IV (House of Wettin) [78]
1662-1691: Balthasar I (House of Wettin)
1691-1728: Balthasar II (House of Wettin)
1728-1753: Johann Friedriech II (House of Wettin)
1753-1783: Balthasar III "the Mournful" (House of Wettin)
Absorbed by Luxembourg

Kings of Brandenburg
1648-1654: Joachim III (House of Hohenzollern)
1654-1688: Frederick V (House of Hohenzollern)
1688-1714: Sigismund II (House of Hohenzollern)
1714-1761: William I (House of Hohenzollern)
1761-1783: William II "the Conquered" (House of Hohenzollern)
Absorbed by Poland

Kings of Italy
1650-1671: Pietro I (House of Medici)[72]
1671-1692: Lorenzo I (House of Medici)
1692-1728: Lorenzo II (House of Medici) [76]
1728-1764: Juliano I (House of Medici)
1764-1798: Pietro II "the Good" "the Just" (House of Medici) [83]
1798-1830: (Saint) Pietro III "Messenger of God" (House of Medici) [86]
1830-1873: Lorenzo III "the Artist" (House of Medici) [97]
1873-1905: Juliano II (House of Meidici)

Monarchs of England and Albion:

1066-1085: William I "The Conquerer" (Norman Dynasty)
1085-1134: Robert I "Curthose" (Norman Dynasty)
1134-1150: William II (Norman Dynasty, son of Robert I)
1150-1162: Hugh I (Norman Dynasty)
1162-1193: Alexander I (Norman Dynasty, named after the Greek Emperor)
1193-1195: Alexander II (Norman Dynasty)
1195-1220: Robert II (Penthievre Dynasty, also Duke Roper I of Britanny)
1220-1243: Godfrey I (Penthievre Dynasty)
1243-1268 : Arthur I (Penthievre Dynasty, sometimes called "Arthur II" because of the Arthurian legends) [1]
1268-1304: Thomas I (FitzOsbern Dynasty) [2]
1304-1314: Robert III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1314-1321: Thomas II (FitzOsbern Dynasy)
1321-1344 : Alexander III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1344-1357 : Godfrey II (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1357-1362: Alexander IV (House of Warwick)
1362-1380: Alexander V (House of Warwick)
1380: Godfrey III (House of Warwick)
1380-1387: Robert IV "the Scot" (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1401: Alfred II (House of Wessex) [37]
1401-1446: Edward IV (House of Wessex)
1446-1468: Alfred III (House of Wessex)
1468-1481: Robert V (House of Wessex)
1481-1515: Alfred IV (House of Wessex)
1515-1549 : Arthur II "the Chivalrous" (House of Wessex) [52]
1549-1592: Harold I "the Welsh" (House of Monmouth)
1592-1624: Alfred V (House of Monmouth) [57]
1624-1642: William III (House of Monmouth) [60]
1642-1668: Harold II (House of Monmouth)
1668-1679: William IV (House of Monmouth)
1679-1688: Robert VI (House of Monmouth)
1688-1713: Edmund III (House of Monmouth)
1713-1740: Alexander VI (House of Monmouth) [76]
1740-1774: Elisabeth I "the Beautiful" (House of Monmouth) [79]
1774-1785: William V "the Proud" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg [82]
1785-1803: Harold III "the Unwise" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [91]
1803-1836: Harold IV "the Desperate" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [98]
1836-1848: The English Republic [99]
1848-1850: Bainbridge Plunkett (Dictator) [100]
1850-1861: Emperor Bainbridge I (House of Plunkett) [101]
1861-1863: William VI "the Restored" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [102]
1863: Emperor Bainbridge I (House of Plunkett) [103]
1863-1878: Harold VI "the Restored" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [104]
1878-1902: George I (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [108]

Kings of Ireland (claimed Emperorship of Albion)

1896-1920 : Bainbridge III (House of Plunkett) [108]

Eastern Roman Empire
1081-1118: Alexius I (Comnenus Dynasty)
1118-1127: Alexius II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1127-1146: Isaac II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1146-1158: Isaac III (Comnenus Dynasty)
1158-1162: Issac IV "The wicked" (Comnenus Dynasty overthrown in Rebellion) [4]
1162-1173: Alexius III (Angelus Dynasty)
1173-1188 : John II (Angelus Dynasty)
1188-1199 : Constantine XI (Angelus Dynasty)
1199-1236 : Constantine XII "the Beloved" (Angelus Dynasty)
1236-1238: Alexius IV "the Leper" (Angelus Dynasty)
1238-1271: Michael V (Angelus Dynasty)
1271-1275: John III (Angelus Dynasty)
1275-1287: Möngke Temür(Golden Horde) [15]
1287-1302 : Möngke II (Golden Horde)
1302-1342: Subotai Temur (Golden Horde)
1342-1377: John IV "The Christian"(Temurius Dinasty)[24]
1377-1388: Stephen I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela I (Pest-Mojmir)
1449-1461: Stephen II (Pest-Mojmir)[41]
1461-1484: Constantine XIII (XIV) ''the Restorer'' (Comnenus-Psellos Dynasty) [46]

Sultanate of Seljuk Rum
1484-1501: Kilij Arslan VII (Seljuk Rum) [47]
1501-1519: Suleyman Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1519-1534 : Suleyman Arslan VI "the Just" (Seljuk Rum)
1534-1536: Suleyman Arslan VII "the Weak" (Seljuk Rum)[56]
1536-1564: Alp Arslan III (Seljuk Rum) [64]
1564-1579: Alp Arslan IV (Seljuk Rum)
1579-1622: Kilij Arslan VIII (Seljuk Rum)
1622-1637: Mehmet Arslan I (Seljuk Rum)
1637-1648: Mehmet Arslan II (Seljuk Rum)
1648-1662: Alp Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1662-1689: Kilij Arslan IX (Seljuk Rum)
1689-1704: Mehmet Arslan III (Seljuk Rum)
1704-1728: Alp Arslan VI (Seljuk Rum)
1728-1754: Abdel Aziz I (House of Osman) [80]
1754-1779: Alp Arslan VII (House of Osman)
1779-1798: Mehmet Arslan IV (House of Osman)
1798-1830: Abdel Aziz II (House of Osman)
1830-1871: Selim I "the Magnificent" (House of Osman) [105]
1871-1900: Selim II (House of Osman)

Emperors of Cyprus
1277-1314: Alexius V (Angelus Dynasty) [17]
1314-1335 : John IV (Angelus Dynasty)
1335-1349: Constantine XIII "The Last" [21]

Monarchs of Scotland
1058-1093: Malcolm III (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1093-1102: Duncan II (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1102-1114: Andrew I (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1114-1125: Malcolm IV (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1125-1148: Macbeth II (Alban Dynasty) [6]
1148-1155 : Andrew II (Alban Dynasty)
1155-1157 : Edgar I "the Brief" (Alban Dynasty)
1157-1172 : Duncan III (Alban Dynasty)
1172-1214 : Macbeth III (Alban Dynasty)
1214-1238: Edgar II (Alban Dynasty)
1238-1252: Robert I (Alban Dynasty) [10]
1252-1288: August I (Capet-Burgundy)
1288-1302: August II (Capet-Burgundy), claimed the French throne as August I
1302-1324: Macbeth IV (Capet-Burgundy, claimed French Throne as Macbet I) [15]
1324-1332: Robert II/IV (Capet-Burgundy) [18]
1332-1356: Joan I (Capet-Burgundy)
1356-1360: August III "The Old" (Capet-Burgundy)
1360-1374: August IV "the Young" (Capet-Burgundy)
1374-1387 : Robert III (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1426: Macbeth V (Capet-Burgundy)
1426-1468: August V (Capet-Burgundy) [36]
1468-1493: Macbeth VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1493-1510: Macbeth VII (Capet-Burgundy)
1510-1524 : Joan II (Capet-Burgundy)
1524-1564: Douglas I (Strathclyde Dynasty) [54]
1564-1602: Douglas II (Strathclyde Dynasty)
1592-1624: Alfred I (House of Monmouth) [57]
Merged with England in the Royal Unification Act of 1601 [60]
1624-1625 : Robert IV "the King of the Winter" (Capet-Burgundy) [67]
1740: Edmund IV "the Bad" (House of Monmouth) [81]

Kings and Emperors of Hungary
1116-1131: Stephen II (Arpad Dynasty)
1131-1167: Stephen III (Arpad Dynasty)
1167-1181: Bruno II (Arpad Dynasty)
1181-1183: Andrew II "The Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty, lost the Hungarian crown, but kept the Holy Roman one)
1183-1203 : Bela II (Arpad Dynasty, brother of Andrew II)
1203-1230 : Stephen IV (Arpad Dynasty)
1230-1264: Bela III (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Imre I (Arpad Dynasty)
(1281-1315: Stephen IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14])
1321-1338 : Imre II "the Liberator" (House of Buda) [19]
1338-1358: Imre III "the Weakling" (House of Buda-Arpad)
1358-1360: Felicia of Sicily(House of Hauteville)[25]
1360-1388: Stephen V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela IV (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1449-1452: Stephen VI (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [41]
Hungary officially united with Eastern Roman Empire[41]
1462-1493: Bela V (Pest-Mojmir)[48]
1493-1536: John II (Pest-Mojmir)
1536-1573 : Matthias I "the Mighty" (Pest-Mojmir)
1573-1608: Matthias II (Pest-Mojmir)
1608-1634: John III (Pest-Mojmir)
1634-1636: John IV (Pest-Mojmir)
1636-1639: Sigismund I (Jagiellon Dynasty)[61]
1639-1651: Laszlo I "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1674: John V (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [70]
1674-1690: Matthias III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1690-1715: Laszlo II (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1715-1730: Laszlo III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [76]
1730-1758: Laszlo IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1758-1796: Matthias IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1796-1825: Stephen VII (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1825-1863: Sigismund II (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [105]
1863-1886: Sigismund III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1886-1904: Bela VI (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)

Kings and Emperors of Poland

1290-1296: Premyslas II (Piast Dynasty)
1296-1305: Wenceslaus II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1305-1312: Wenceslaus III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1312-1336 : Konrad II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1336-1342: Frederick I (Premyslid Dynasty, also King of Bohemia)
1342-1368: Wenceslaus IV (Premyslid Dynasty, Personal Union between Bohemia and Poland continued)
1368-1375: Sigismund I (Premyslid Dynasty, Crowns of Poland and Bohemia formally merged)
1375-1398 : Wenceslaus V (Premyslid Dynasty)
1398-1443: Sigismund II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1443-1461: Frederick II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1461-1495: Sigismund III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1495-1528: Frederick III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1528-1547 : Sigismund IV "the Scholar" (Premyslid Dynasty)
1547: Konrad III "The Pretender" (Premsylid Dynasty)
1547-1601: Sigismund V (Jagiellon Dynasty) [55]
1601-1639: Sigismund VI(Jagiellon Dynasty) [61]
1639-1651: Ladislaus II "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1668: Ladislaus III (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1668-1696: Frederick IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1696-1703: Ladislaus IV (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1703-1760: Konrad III (Jagiellon Dynasty) [76]
1760-1768: Ladislaus V (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1768-1794: Konrad IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) [82]
1794-1859: Sigismund VII "The Pious, the Wise" (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1859-1862: Wenceslaus VI "the Sick" (Jagiellon Dynasty) [92]
1862-1887: Frederick V (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1887-1918: Augustus I (Jagiellon Dynasty)

Aragon
1319-1350: Pere IV (House of Aragon)
1350-1372: Tiago II (House of Aragon)
1372-1379: Pere V (House of Aragon)
1379-1402: Tiago III (House of Aragon)
1402-1420: Pere VI (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Tiago IV (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Juan II (House of Gonzaga)
1453-1470: Pere VII (House of Gonzaga)
1470-1496: Juan III (House of Gonzaga)
1496-1534: Tiago V (House of Gonzaga)
1534-1561 : Juan IV "the Cruel" (House of Gonzaga)
1561-1593: Tiago VI (House of Gonzaga)
1593-1624: Juan V (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
Inherited by Hispania[71]

Vladimir
1326-1360: Aleksandr II Mikhailovich (Tver Rurikids)[22]
1360-1362: Sucession war between Sigismund I (Premyslid) and Boris I (Tver Rurikids)
1362-1385: Boris I (Tver Rurikids)[28]
1385-1399 : Boris II (Tver Rurikids)
1400-1420: Boris III (Tver Rurikids)
1420-1452: Ivan II (Tver Rurikids)
1452-1470: Yuri II (Tver Rurikids)
1471-1492: Boris IV (Tver Rurikids)
1492-1528: Yuri III (Tver Rurikids)
1528-1553 : Dimitri I "the Magnificient" (Tver Rurikids)
1553-1586: Boris V (Tver Rurikids)
1586-1619: Dimitri II (Tver Rurikids)

Tsars of All Russias [62]
1586-1619: Dmitri II (Tver Rurikids)
1619-1627: Yuri IV "The Great" (Tver Rurikids)
1627-1642: Ivan V (Tver Rurikids)
1642-1668: Dmitri III (Tver Rurikids)
1668-1692: Boris VI "The German" (House von Oldenburg)[73]
1692-1721: Piotr I (House von Oldenburg)
1721-1755: Dmitri IV (House von Oldenburg) [76]
1755-1773: Michael I (House von Oldenburg)
1773-1793: Piotr II (House von Oldenburg)
1793-1841: Ivan VI (House von Oldenburg)
1841-1865: Michael II (House von Oldenburg) [105]
1865-1888: Michael III (House von Oldenburg)
1888-1902: Piotr III (House von Oldenburg)

Popes

1061-1073:Alexander II, Holy Roman Empire
1073-1099: Alexander III, Holy Roman Empire (born Anselm of Lucca, nephew to prior pope)
1099-1112 : Sylvester III, France
1112-1127: John XX, Norman Italy
1127-1141: Paschal II, France
1141: John XXI, Norman Italy
1141-1159: Paschal III, Aragon
1159-1163: Benedict X, Holy Roman Empire
1163-1192: Gregory VIII, Hungary
1192-1198: Paschal IV, England
1198-1215: Roanald I, France
1215: John XXII, France
1215-1220: Benedict XI, Norman Italy
1220: Leo X, France
1220-1239: Innocent II, Scotland
1239-1260: Bd. Paul I, Leon
1260-1278: Leo XI, Scotland
1278-1281: John XXIII, France
1281-1294: Benedict Paul II, France
1294-1312: Paschal V, France
1312-1327: Luke I, England [20]
1327-1342: Urban II, Milan
1342-1360: Gregory IX, Leon
1360-1376: Luke II, Switzerland [29]
1376-1412 : Urban III, Milan [33]
1412-1460: Martin II "The Young Pope", Sicily [35]
1424-1453 : Luke III, Flanders [38]
1430-1448: Urban IV, Rome [38]
1460-1469: Gregory X, Leon[42]
1453-1455 : John XXIV, Holy Roman Empire
1448-1470: Leo XI, France [43]
1455-1471: Benedict Paul III, Holy Roman Empire [43]
Interregnum 1469-1490 [43]
1490-1518: Leo XII, France [49]
1518-1539 : John XXV, Venice
1539-1542: Luke IV, Flanders
1542-1570: Benedict Paul IV, Milan
1570-1583: Luke V, Switzerland
1583-1591: Leo XIII, France
1591-1613: Gregory XI, Leon
1613-1633: Gregory XII, Tuscany [63]
1633-1647: Paul II, Sardinia
1647-1661: Leo XIV, Florence[71]
1661-1667: Leo XV, Italy
1667-1694: Paul III, Sicily
1694-1720: Paul IV, Papal State [75]
1720-1730: Paul V, Italy
1730-1753: Paul VI, Sicily [76]
1753-1765: Benedict XII, Italy
1765-1788: Luke VI, Italy
1788-1830: Urban V, Scandanavia [87]
1830-1863: Luke V, Italy [88]
1863-1892: John XXVI, Italy
1892-1916: Benedict XIII, Italy

[1] Died without leaving an heir and to prevent a crisis named his strongest ally, Thomas, heir to the throne
[2]Was a lord in English held Wales
[3]Declared himself Holy Roman Emperor with backing of Pope Paschal III
[4]Killed thousands of his own and was overthrown in a rebellion
[5]Deposed his own father as Emperor, and ruled as de facto King of Hungary until his father's death, at which point he became legal King.
[6]Great-grandson of Macbeth I, he saw his house's restoration to the Scottish throne with the help of Norway.
[7]Crowned at age 6. Died of smallpox at age 11.
[8]Frederick who claimed descent from Charlemagne, overthrew Andrew the Unlucky, and spent much of his reign in conflict with Bela II of Hungary.
[9] Bela was elected Holy Roman Emperor through the machinations of his father after Conrad I's death. Upon his father's death, he became King Bela III of Hungary, uniting once again the two thrones.
[10] Disappeared during a festival. With no immediate heirs, the event prompted a dynastic crisis and the throne remained empty for several years, with internal and external battles fought between various pretenders.
[11] Technically August of Scotland should have become king, but the Dukes didn't want a foreign ruler and asked Antoine de Flandre to become king instead
[12] Same man as Imre I, until the Khan of the Golden Horde decided that since he had two crowns, he should be two men. Last male member of the Arpads and last king of Hungary for quite some time.
[13] Louis's reign saw the beginning of the War of French Succession, where Macbeth IV attempted to claim the Throne with English support. Louis was killed in the Battle of Flanders.
[14] Stephan included the title of "King of Hungary" among his honors, though he never reclaimed Budapest or 'Old Hungary' from the Mongols during his lengthy reign.
[15] The reign of the Angelus Dynasty ended when Constantinople fell to the Golden Horde in 1275. Möngke Temür, Khan of the Golden Horde, drowned John III in molten gold after looting the city. The Horde were so impressed by the city's fortifications that they adopted it as their capital.
[16] Macbeth actually managed to be coronated in Paris after the Battle of Flanders, but his claim was never recognized by much of the realm, the War of French Succession continuing throughout his entire life.
[17] Alexius set up a court in exile in Cyprus, and considered himself the Roman Emperor.
[18] Last Scottish King to claim the crown of France. He was captured and was only released by Antoine II after he renounced the claims of his family to the crown of France.
[19] Descendant from a Bastard Line of the House of Arpad. Freed the country from the Mongols. He took the name of his household from his birthplace. Married Holy Roman Emperor Bela II's daughter to suspend any claims the Emperor could have had on Hungary.
[20] Archbishop Edward of Canterburry choosed this name because he considered Luke the Evangelist to be his model.
[21] Upon his death Cyprus was invaded by the Syrian Turks, ending the legacy of Rome
[22] The first Rus prince to overthrow the hold of the Mongols
[23] A papal bull established the emperorship as electoral, to avoid any more non-German rulers from taking over the Empire and using her resources for their own gain like the Arpads did. Interestingly, all of the electors were either members or allies of the Luxemburg house, who had supported the current pope's election
[24] Born and educated in Constantinople, Tuda Temur become a fervorous christian and, with the death of his father, he converted officially his empire. Even if most of the Golden Horde lands were lost to (both mongol and european) warlords, the core of former Byzantine Empire was kept.
[25] Spouse of Imre III, eldest daughter of the norman king Roger IV.
[26] Louis X died without issue, leaving the French throne to his nephew, Antoine, who ruled France as Antoine IV, and Castile as Antonio I.
[27] Grandson of Emperor Bela II through a bastard son. Took the throne of Hungary through marriage with Felicia. Inherited Constantinople from John IV, who died without issue. Lead successful Eastern Crusade, driving off the final remnants of the Golden Horde in the Balkans and Anatolia.
[28] Conflict for the Principality of Vladimir ended with recognition of Rurikid claim by Poland, with Hungary acting as mediator. In return, Hungary and Vladimir swore to support Poland's claim to the Throne of Bohemia.
[29] Papacy shifted to Constance at urging of House of Luxembourg.
[30] Due to tensions in Castille, Antoine IV/I decided to separate his possessions upon his death, entrusting France to his eldest son, Charles, and Castille to his second son, Robert.
[31] Assassinated under mysterious circumstances. Pope Urban III is suspected to have commandidated the murder, so that the Papacy could go back to Rome.
[32] Robert III of Scotland is a descendant of Alexander IV of England's eldest daughter. Due to an epidemy of Smallpox in the English Royal family, he found himself as the only heir to the English throne and was crowned as Robert IV. He proved unable to rule both kingdoms, which caused his assassination.
[33] Conflicted often with the Holy Roman Emperors because of his wish to bring the papacy back to Rome. Ultimately succeeded upon Conrad II's death.
[34] While leading a group of soldiers to confront a small tax rebellion in Savoie, Henri's cape became caught in his horse's saddle as he tried to dismount. The horse became alarmed and ran off, dragging the French king behind him. He died of his injuries several days later. The horse was later killed.
[35] Youngest reigning Pope. During his rule, he attempted to take advantage of civil unrest in the Middle East and called forth the Tenth Crusade. Also notable for personally leading the Christian forces during the initial invasion.
[36] Henry's death without issue saw a lengthy interregnum as the throne of France fought over by the Capet-Flanders of Castile, the Capet-Burgundys of Scotland, and the House of Luxembourg, amongst others.
[37] A member of the lower nobility, Alfred presented himself as a restorer of old English rule.
[38] Martin's efforts for a crusade recieved lukewarm support from all western Kingdoms save Leon, whose King Alphonso accompanied Martin and died in the field, and opposition in the East, who saw it as a needless folly. Despite this, Martin and his forces were able to take much of the north of Egypt. However, his constant demands for more support, and increasingly grandiose claims of papal supremacy caused the House of Luxembourg to sponsor the antipope Luke III, "the Pope of Constance". As the situation deteriorated, the French and various Italian princes supported their own candidate, Urban IV, "the Pope of Rome", finding Martin just as objectionable as Luke. The resulting Papal Schism would dominate much of the "Pope of Jerusalem's" reign.
[39]After the political instability in Castille, the House of Capet-Flanders lost power; The old house of Burgundy, much weakened by now, was chosen as it was a compromisse between the germans and british, and also had support in France.
[40]: title received due to the discovery of Terrarrica. After the expelling of the Jerusalem Pope from the Crusader lands, the leonese launched a small crusade to expel the last Moors from Iberia, and stabilished a new city near Murcia with the Terrarican gold.
[41]: The personal union developed into an official unification of both countries. The centralization of the Empire in Constatinople, but with Catholicism (Constance branch) as official religion, causing serious instabilities.
[42]: the Jerusalem Papacy, after defeats in the Holy Land and without a route to the east, was re-based in Leon, focusing in the Reconquista.
[43] Following the deaths of the Pope of Jerusalum and the Pope of Rome, Antoine V of France focused on attempting to reunite the two branches of Catholicism. The death of the Pope Benedict Paul III a year later was seen as a sign that all three branches must unify. For the next few years, all three seats remained empty as the cardinals of each branch attempted to work on a compromise.
[44] Shortest reigning Holy Roman Emperor, with a total rule of approximately eight hours. On the night of his coronation, Heinrich mistook a large open window as the entryway for a balcony. He subsequently fell several stories to his death.
[45] Due to a lack of male successors and a fear of other monarchs claiming the nation, after the death of Gaspar, his daughter, Isabella, inherited the throne. Isabella's reign saw a dramatic increase in the stability and prestige of Leon. Like her father, she funded a multitude of expeditions and made significant efforts to increase Leon's presence in the New World. For her achievements, she is often considered one of the Greatest European Monarchs and Mother Hispania.
[46] Due to the instabilities caused by the Catholic Emperor Stephen II, the Hungarian Dynasty is deposed by Constantine Psellos, an orthodox man who claimed to be descendent of Alexius I Comnenus. He declares himself Emperor of the Romans and the Byzantine Empire is restored, while Hungary succumbs into a serious civil war between the two surviving sons of Stephen; Bela and Benedek.
[47] Constantine held his "Eastern Roman Empire"--consisting largely of Constantinople and a small portion of the lands surrounding it, for twenty-three years, by regularly bribing the Hungarian Emperor, his Rurikid and Pole allies, and the Turks. Eventually, the Turks decided the bribes weren't big enough, leading to the Second Sacking of Constantinople by the ambitious Kilij Arslan VII of the Seljuk Rum. Constantine was killed in the assault, after which the Turks made themselves masters of Constantinople.
[48] After defeating his brother in the civil war, Bela had himself crowned "Roman Emperor in the East" in Buda-Pest, which was again made the capital. While Bela would occasionally make a motion at recapturing Constantinople, he considered the city more trouble than it was worth. Henceforth, the ruler of Hungary was the 'Roman Emperor of the East', commonly called the 'Hungarian Emperor'.
[49] After much debate, it was agreed that the Roman claim was correct, with the new Pope, Leo XII taking his name from his predecessor. The papacies of Constance and "Jerusalem"--presently based in Lisbon--are declared to be "archcardinalates"--a new rank invented specifically for this situation--allowed to "comment" and "elucidate" on the Pope's decisions.
[50] Only surviving son of Charles V, he was in a precarious situation at the beginning of his reign as his cousin, Duke Henri of Aquitaine, had his eyes on the crown. He proved to be very strong in politics, getting rid of his ennemies or isolating them. He also played an important role on European politics, being the most well informed thanks to his spies. Earned his nickname because it was said no fly could escape his web of agents.
Philip I was also very close to the people and did everything he could to weaken the French nobility's power.
[51] Isabella I of Leon married her eldest son, Alphonso, to the newly crowned Queen Maria I of Castille in 1524. When Alphonso IX ascended the throne, both he and Maria declared that their eldest son would inherit both the crowns of Castille and Leon.
[52] Sometimes called Arthur III because of the Arthurian legends. The most honest and benevolent king of his time, he never got along with Philip I of France whom he never trusted. Died peacefully in his sleep although conspiracist theory said the French king had him poisonned.
[53] Sadly, Alphonso and Maria died without issue. The throne of Leon went to Alphonso's brother Gaspar, the throne of Castile went to Maria's cousin, Ferdinand. However, both kings laid claim to the other throne, setting off a lengthy war that increased resentment and rivalry between the two kingdoms.
[54] Was a teenage vassal of Joan II but gained support among the people and lords as he claimed descent from Robert I. Fought a brutal civil war with Joan that ended in Joan's death at the hands of an assassin. Fought on and off wars with France but was always victorious.
[55] When Sigismund IV died without issue, Konrad, a low-level noble of dubious origin claimed the throne, citing illegitimate descent from Sigismund III. He was opposed by most of the nobles of Poland, the Prince of Vladimir, and the Emperor of Hungary. After his reign, young Sigismund V, of the House of Jagiellon, was given the throne under regency. He proved an able and wise King.
[56] Sulyeman VII was overthrown by Matthias the Mighty, ending the rule of the Rum Seljuk over Constantinople. Matthias chose to keep the capital at Budapest, and instead gave rule of the city of Constantinople to the Patriarch, a state of affairs that his descendents maintained.
[57] After Douglas II died without male issue -- his only son having died on a French battlefield -- Alfred inheritted the Scottish throne through his mother; his dual reign is compared very favorably with that of Robert the Scot.
[58] After the death of Antonio, Juan V of Aragon proved to be the next of kin. Already King of Navarre and Sicily, Juan proved to be an important figure in Iberian politics
[59] Charles V proved to be the last Emperor to be important because he was Emperor. After his death, a struggle between the Wittlesbachs, Hohenstaufens, and the Romanofs of Sweden-Norway borke the Empire's stability
[60] To streamline things, Alfred V/I merged the kingdoms into the Kingdom of Albion by royal decree (What's that? An elected body of officials called Parliament calling the shots in Britain? How absurd!). William II/I maintained this, and added Ireland, to boot, and the Act is still enforced today. William II was also the last king of England to hold land in France, for his reign saw Bretagne and Normandy fall to the French, though the heir apparent of England is still titled "Duke of Normandy".
[61] After the death of Emperor John, the line passed through his dead sister to her son, Sigismund Jagiellon, the King of Poland and Bohemia. Sigismund was wholly uninterested in the country, and this marks the beginning of Hungary's slow decline
[62] In 1608 Prince Yuri marched down with a massive army and took Constantinople from the Magyars, crowning himself Tsar of All Russias in the process. By this point, Constantinople was a shadow of its former glory, so Yuri returned home to Suzdal. Yuri is also, through a bizarre and labyrinthine series of inheritances, the technical king of Jerusalem, though that claim is maintained only to give the Coat of Arms some cool imagery
[63] At this point more and more popes were being selected from Italian statelets
[64] The Sultanate continued on after losing Constaninople to the Hungarians, and became the preeminent power in the Middle East.
[65] Carlos I of Aragon and Castille had been married with Infante Isabella of Leon. An epidemy of smallpox in the royal family left Isabella as the sole heir to the crown of Leon, virtually merging Castille, Aragon and Leon.
[66] Ludwig of Baden's candidature had very few chances of succeeding. Yet, because of the struggle between the Hohenstaufen, Romanovs and Wittelsbach, who were doing everything so that one of their rivals wouldn't get the crown, the electors designated him. Ludwig IV was a good emperor, but he sadly spent the majority of his reign to play as an arbiter between the three rival houses. According to some, he died of exhaustion.
[67] In November 1624, Robert of Arran, a descendant of Macbeth VII, rose in uprising againt the English Kings as he opposed the act of Union. He was crowned as Robert IV and fought for independance. He fell in Battle in March 1625 and the rebels, deprived of their leaders, surrendered to the William III. This was the only serious uprising immediately after the union of Scotland and England.
[68] Laszlo I was more competent than his father, but the rule of Sigismund I had turned the Hungarian nobility against the Emperor. Laszlo I would be the last Emperor to reign relatively unopposed, despite some huge political fights with the nobility. He earned his surname many years later, as he was the first who saw the Twilight of the Hungarian Empire.
[69] The next election for Holy Roman Emperor ended in charges of corruption and fraud, with every participant claiming to have won, and been cheated by the others. Over a decade of inconclusive fighting and dubious claiments ended with the formal dissolution of the "Empire" into a group of independent states.
[70] The ascent of Laszlo II--a known opponent of the Magyar nobility--to the throne convinced the gentry that enough was enough. The Hungarian Senate met, formally deposed Laszlo and his line, and installed a distant cousin, John of Bucharest, who took as his house name "Mojmir-Arpad". The Fifteen Year War between Poland and Hungary was devastating for both nations, but ended with Hungary seperated from Poland, and the throne of Poland gaining recognition as an imperial throne in its own right.
[71] Ferdinand V formally merged all the crowns he controlled as he recognized the legitimacy of the italian crown, convincing the Pope to give him the title of Emperor of Hispania.
[72] Shortly after the partial dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Pietro de Medici, who was grand duke of Tuscany and besieged Milan, used his influence with the pope (a Medici himself, and Pietro's uncle) to achieve the Italian crown. Such realm was not, obviously, recognized by many of the german sucessor states, but it slowly got legitimacy, specially after the Iberian merging.
[73] The death of Dmitri III with no heir caused the Russians to look for a relation able to take the throne. The best available candidate was Ernest of the now dispossessed House of von Oldenberg, who took the reign name of Boris as a sign of his devotion to his new homeland. Having only a limited understanding of Russian custom, Boris's reign saw the Russian Senate taking a dominant role in the governing of Great Rus.
[74] Philip III, being mad, was never married and died without issue. The succession then went to Charles, Count of Champagne, Philip III's cousin and a descendant of Philip I.
[75] Gave the Papal State a small island in Terrarrica (OTL Barbados) as a gift. Due to the Papal State's lack of seafaring capabilities however, the island remained under de facto Hispapanian control until the mid 1800s, when it became home to the Archcardinalate of Jerusalem.
[76] Antoine VI launched the Italian Wars in 1721, with Bavaria and Baden as his allies, by invading of northern Italy, claiming to be in support of his 'oppressed allies' in Genoa and Venice. (Hispania, though disliking the new Italian state, which it felt threatened its holdings in Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica, was equally threatened by French interest in Tolosa and Marsiho, and so rebuffed Antoine's efforts for an alliance.) Antoine's invasion met spirited resistance from the Italians and condemnation from the Pope. In 1722, Albion, Luxembourg, and Hungary came to the assistance of Italy, hoping to restrain French power. (Albion and Luxembourg both hoped to gain land from France as well.) This brought Scandinavia and Swabia into the war in 1723, which brought Poland and Russia into the war in 1724. The whole affair ended in 1727 with thousands dead, and little changes in the international scene, the big losers being Swabia, which lost several eastern provinces to Poland, and Scandinavia, which lost Finland to Russia.
[77] Philip IV never approved the foreign politics of his father, though he participated in the Italian Wars. The bloodbath that engulfed Europe shocked him, especially when his eldest brother Louis died on the battlefield. When Antoine VI finally died, Philip IV did everything he could to erase the misdeeds of his father and restore France's image. By the end of his reign, France was once again seen as a respectable nation.
[78] While the Holy Roman Empire existed, Thuringia was ruled by another royal house, the Ludowinger Dynasty. In 1639, Hermann III, the last Ludowinger King of Thuringia died ans the throne passed to his daughter, whom had married Augustus II of Saxony. The major powers of the Holy Roman Empire, namely the competing houses for the Holy Roman Emperor crown, didn't wish for a Saxon-Thuringia Union and appealed to Emperor Ludwig IV. When Augustus II of Saxony died in 1645, Saxony and Thuringia were partitionned between his two sons. They were only recognized as Independant Kings once the Holy Roman Empire exploded.
[79] Alexander VI died without sons. Shortly before his death, he passed a law allowing women to succeed the crown, but only if a king had no longer any sons. This allowed Elisabeth I to take the crown. Though she is remembered for her great beauty, Elisabeth I was far from stupid : today, she is remembered as the first female monarch of Albion but also as one of its greatest.
[80] After Alp Arslan VI's death, the Seljuk Sultanate was left without an heir to the throne. The nobles formally elected Abdel Aziz Osmanli, the wealthiest, wisest and most powerful of them all, to suceed the Sultan.
[81] Edmund was king Alexander VI's brother and thus Elisabeth I's uncle. He was known for his administrative skills but also for his huge ambition. While his brother was aging, he acted more and more like he was the King. He opposed his niece when she succeeded the crown and tried to make Scotland secede. While at first he rallied all those opposing Elisabeth, he proved to be a tyran and was soon abandonned. Six month after his rebellion, he was betrayed by Duke Richard of York, his best friend, who brought him before Elisabeth. Richard of York was pardoned while Edmund was beheaded.
[82] William V of Albion was the son of Elisabeth and her consort, Prince Charles of Luxembourg, who took the house name of "Monmouth-von Luxembourg". Being of a prideful nature, he started what in France, England and Hispania are known as "the Colonial Wars", and what are known in the East and the German states as "the Wars of Betrayal". William sought to improve Albion's power by increasing its colonial holdings in North Terrarica, his mother's careful project. He planned to do this by seizing France and Hispania's holdings, both far more extensive than Albion's. In this he had the encouragement of his uncle, Otto XIII of Luxembourg, who assured him that if he made his move, Luxembourg would declare war on France. Thus distracted, France would be unable to pursuse a full-scale war, leaving Albion to face only Hispania--which would not want to commit too many resources to preserving the significantly poorer northern colonies. In 1775, William made his move. However, while Luxembourg DID declare war on France, most of its energies were spent persecuting France's allies in the German states, specifically Saxony and Thuringia. This caused Poland, Baden, and Bavaria to declare war on Luxembourg's allies Brandenburg and Swabia. Albion found itself facing the combined might of Hispania and France with virtually no support. By the war's end in 1883, Albion had lost most of its colonies in Terrarica, Hispania ruled the waves, France became the primary colonial power in North Terrarica, Luxembourg absorbed Thuringa and most of Saxony--Scandinavia, a latecomer to the war, getting the rest--Poland absorbed Brandenburg, and Baden and Bavaria split Swabia between them. William drank himself to death, a broken man, while Otto enjoyed a reputation as the most devious monarch in Europe, as people whispered of secret treaties, and treacherous agreements between supposed enemies.
[83] Pietro travelled extensively throughout Europe and Terrarica in his youth, gaining an admiration for the Eastern Empires and a hearty contempt for much of the West. Why is it, he would ask, that the Western monarch may be no more than a king, and rule no more than a tiny province, and yet he demands absolute power over his land and all who live in it, while the Emperors of the East rule over vast lands, and see themselves as servants of the State? He even compared Russia's conquest of the East 'where they have sought to educate and improve those savages that God has seen to place under their rule', to Hispania's 'brutal enslavement' of Terrarica's natives. All this talk was seen as the idle chatter of a gadfly--until Pietro's elder brother Lorenzo died, followed by his father, making him the King of Italy. Pietro "easternized" his court, creating a Senate, and freeing the serfs. The success of his reforms--less remarkable when one considers that he ruled over a heavily urbanized state which contained in it several former republics--created an enthusiasm for "easternization" throughout much of Western Europe, especially among younger nobles and the growing middle class.
[84] As the Colonial War raged on across Europe and Terrarica, war exhaustion began to grow throughout France and its holdings. In an attempt to please prevent a full-scale revolution, Louis XIII instituted a number of government reforms limiting the power of future monarchs, and granting more to the peasantry. This had the effect of making him very unpopular among the aristocracy but loved by the lower classes.
[85] Although Otto's move dramatically increased Luxemburg's temporal power, it also made Luxemburg the most hated nation in all of Europe and drastically reduced the nation's prestige. Peter's more confrontational personality only worsened matters, as did his craven submission to Bainbridge Plunkett. Although he won the war, Luxemburg was shunned by the other nations and their merchants were banned from most centers of trade. Peter also became the first monarch to be excommunicated by the Church in several centuries after agents from Luxemburg were discovered attempting to infiltrate the Vatican. Many Luxembourgish fled in seek of stability in neighboring countries. He did not live to see the massive revolts that would spread throughout the country after his death.
[86] Paul is remembered for having close ties with the Papacy. Aside from guaranteeing the Papal State's independence, he also worked with the Church to send a significant force of missionaries to the East. The canonization process began almost immediately after his death.
[87] Urban reported to have had a dream of the Church becoming filled with corruption. Fearing that this was a prophetic vision from God, he established the role of the Inquisitor within the Church. The purpose of this official is to monitor the clergy to prevent any abuses or scandals. He was viewed with distrust by many of his peers as a result of his country of origin.
[88] With massive cultural, technological and political changes occuring around the world Luke called the First Council of Rome, to deal with rising contemporary issues and redefine vital Church doctrine. The most prominent decision made by the council was its definition of Papal Infallibility. (The Decision on this is same as our own)
[89] Established the First Constitution of the Kingdom of France, an idea that had already been planned by his father Louis XIII. The King's powers were limited, though they remained quite important, and a Parliament was created. This Parliament was composed by two chambers : the Senate, composed mostly by the Nobility, and the Chambre, composed by representant of the people. Louis XIV was one of the most efficient rulers of France. Despite this, his reign is touched by connection to the infamous Bainbridge Plunkett, to whom he granted Normandy and Brittany, the title of "Prince of France" and the hand of his sister Francoise.
[90] Grandson of Diego II, he was crowned at age 18. His 55 years old reign is one of the longest in European history. His principled defiance of Bainbridge Plunkett's invasion made him a hero to Spain.
[91] Son of William V. He was unable to resolve the great economical crisis left by his father and his reforms didn't resolved the problem but increased them. He also faced a huge opposition from the nobility, led by the Dukes of York, who didn't want to let go of their privileges.
[92] He was sufferring from a lung cancer from the whole of his reign.
[93] Charles spent much of his reign in exile in the Papal States, as Bainbridge Plunkett, by all practical measures, ruled the German States.
[94] Ulrich died in exile waiting for the fall of Bainbridge Plunkett. By his instruction, his body was buried in Rome, his heart in Switzerland.
[95] Ambitious and spiteful, Gustav began his reign with wars against Luxembourg, Poland and Russia, all of which failed to accomplish much. Scandinavia was then conquered by Bainbridge Plunkett. After being thrown out of the Papal States, Gustav was shuffled around Europe, dying in Russia.
[96] Nicholas was "crowned" in Russia, and spent the early years of his reign waiting for Bainbridge Plunkett's defeat. Afterwards, he did his best to maintain good relations with the monarchs of Europe, especially the Eastern Empires.
[97] Lorenzo, a dreamy and senstitive man, found himself acting as the linchpin for resistance to Bainbridge Plunkett after France's surrender. A talented painter, sculptor and musician, his courage became as famous as his art.
[98] Harold IV was if anything even more inept than his father, bankrupting Albion by sponsoring rebellion in the colonies. His efforts at reform, including calling 'Parlement' for the first time in centuries, ultimately engulfed Albion in rebellion and chaos. The crown was overthrown, and the English Republic was born. Harold, his wife, and his children were all killed by the Republicans.
[99] An effort to create a new government without a King, the English Republic lurched from bloody excess to bloody excess for its fourteen year reign, as even powers sympathetic to it came to reject its radical nature. In its later years, the ambitious Irish general Bainbridge Plunkett rose to fame. Racking up victories in Scandinavia and France, he became the hero of the Republic.
[100] Bainbridge Plunkett was named Dictator by popular acclaim. (Or at least, that was the official line). The Anglo-Irish General ruled with an iron fist, while conquering the German States, and fending off Poland, Russia, and Hispania. France's surrender and his marriage to Francoise de Champagne saw "the Hero of the Republic" take a startling move.
[101] Crowned as Emperor Bainbridge I, Plunkett continued to his mad ambition, launching wars in the Colonies, and the infamous "Hispanic Expedition" that gutted his army. Though he succeeded in holding the day of reckoning off for eleven years, eventually the combined forces of great Polish General Jan Potocki, his Russian counterpart Arkadin Surorov, and the Hispania Armada launched the first successful invasion of Albion in centuries. Bainbridge was deposed, sent to Iceland, and the Monmouth-von Luxembourg's restored to the throne.
[102] Harold IV's brother, William was more competent than his brother, but still found himself swamped by Albion's massive problems. The sudden return of Bainbridge Plunkett from exile toppled his first government, and he fled to the Continent.
[103] Bainbridge's second reign lasted for two hundred days, ending in his defeat by a massive French-Polish Army led by Jan Potocki in the Battle of Morbihan. This time he was exiled to Greenland, where he died three years later.
[104] William's second reign saw him grappling more successfully with Albion's problems--still reform was proving difficult.
[105] Selim I was a tolerant and enlightened monarch who sought peace and understanding with Europe. His most amazing accomplishment is the famed Egyptian Canal, which gave access to the Red Sea--and thus the Indian Ocean--from the Mediterranean. The canal was funded by a mixture of Turkish, Hungarian and Russian funds, and gave Eastern Europe readier access to India, much to Hispania's displeasure.
[106] During the 1880s, the French colonies in Terrarica were asking for more and more independance. Louis XIV answered by giving more and more autonomy to the colonies, including their own Parliament and naming a Viceroy who would rule in the name of the French King. The fist viceroy was Philip of Louisiana, a descendant of Charles VI's youngest brother, Louis, who had founded the colony of Louisiana, making him a distant cousin of the French King.
The cries for independance however grow more and more impatient, especially when French Terrarican troops participated in the Baindbrige Wars. Shortly after Louis XIV's death and Charles VII's ascension, several riots broke out in Terrarica. This riots ended up becoming a rebellion, led by the new Viceroy, Henri of Louisina (Philip's son). Charles VII, however, was very reluctant to wage war against his own subjects. He went to Terrarica and opened diplomatic negociations with the Terraricans. This resulted in New France's independance and the crowning of Henri I of New France.
[107] In 1905, German Nationalists wishing for German Unification met in Munich. They demanded the Unification of Germany and offered the crown to Maximilian IV of Bavaria. The Bavarian King was ready to accept the crown, especially after Karl Franz II of Baden agreed to this. However, Charles VII of Luxembourg strongly opposed the idea and made it known. Opposition soon arose in Scandinavia and Poland, and Maximilian IV ended up refusing, fearing he would cause a war. The conference of Munich ended up in failure, but the idea of German Unification was never forgotten.
[108] Ireland rose in rebellion against Albion in 1896. The Irish soon proclaimed the nephew of former Emperor Bainbridge I, Brian Bainbridge Plunkett, as King of Ireland and legitimate Emperor of Albion. He took the name Bainbridge III, as Bainbridge I had had a legitimate son, Brian Lewis Baindbrige Plunkett, with his wife Françoise of France, but Louis (as he was called by the French royal family) died in 1881 despite having been treated well by his grandfather, Louis XIV of France.

 

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While it's refreshing to see Poland not being partitioned for once, how did you people ended with Jagiellons with a POD of hundreds of years before the birth of Jogaila?