India under the Mughals was quite advanced in agriculture, it was already well into using the seed drill, heavy ploughing, and had its own crop rotations, and was integrating New World crops like Maize and later the potato. During Akbar it was increasing overall land under cultivation through land reform and had created huge works to help with water supply. Mughal agriculture was already some of the most productive in the world at the time, its actually kind of hard to get it much better in the era... but there's a few modern innovations that could have come earlier to make it even better.
The Norfolk system itself definitely won't work in most of India, it wasn't created with India's double monsoon cycle in mind (or any monsoon cycle... in fact, its really designed specifically for temperate region crop cycles), but the key to the Norfolk system's success isn't the specific crops, its the methodology. The Norfolk crop system is based around growing fodder and grazing crops intermittently with staple crops to constantly have something growing and provide year round food for animals, all while rejuvenating the soil and helping to deal with pests that tend to accumulate over years of mono-croppping. Wheat-Mustard-Barley-Pulse works as a straight Norfolk stand in for places like Northern India that are less impacted by the Monsoon cycle, but its already in pretty wide use during the Mughals, so there's not much that can be done there to improve things. Rice however is one of the areas which has the opportunity for some pretty decent yield increases, and that's by increasing the adoption of integrated rice aquaculture in use in other parts of Asia, which India never widely adopted. Integrated rice aquaculture has pretty significantly helped with food security wherever its adopted, and the technique, while never widespread, has a long history through rice growing regions. There's a lot of different methods of rice aquaculture*, but I'm going to focus specifically on rice-fish/shrimp-azolla aquaculture, because that's the form most widely adopted in modern India.
The nice thing about rice is that it allows for a multi-trophic field to be developed with the right techniques, which the below linked article goes into in more depth. Put simply, rice-fish-azolla aquaculture uses the semi-aquatic nature of rice paddies to more effectively by using the other space in the paddy for other sources of food. By adding fish to the already flooded rice fields, you use the existing water to cultivate some extra protein, and the fish help deal with pests by eating them. Azolla in turn is a floating aquatic plant which helps shade the water the rice is in to shade out competition. It's also unique in that it maintains a symbiotic relationship with a nitrogen fixing bacteria which means it fixes its own nitrogen, and in fact enriches the paddy environment as a whole. It's also super high in protein by dry weight, and while not particularly edible or palatable to humans, it makes great animal feed. The rice and azolla together pretty much eliminate the need for fertilizer or rotation on a rice paddy since the azolla fixes most of the nutrients needed by rice, so it allows for more productive use of the paddy and allows for up to 2 rice crops in a year too. The fish give a nice form of added food security if a crop fails, and otherwise just add diversity to the diet. Azolla grows crazy fast (doubling in size every couple days) and can be harvested regularly for animal fodder.
There's other ways to increase productivity even more, ranging from ducks, to adding animal waste to the fields, and so on, but the principle is just to use the rice paddies more effectively by increasing the amount of things that can use the space. There can be challenges with implementation, since some of the different uses compete with each other, but rice aquaculture has a long history and is still in use today because its so effective in fighting famine. The biggest challenge is usually overcoming traditionally entrenched methods of rice farming.
*This
Food and Agriculture Organization article is a pretty good place to start if you'd like to read more, but at 85 pages its not exactly light reading.