Alexandros (Ἀλέξανδρος, 1 August 1893-5 April 1958) was
King of the Hellenes, succeeding his brother Georgios II on March, 1 1935, and becoming the first
Emperor of the Hellenes on the proclaimation of the Empire on August, 1 1947, reigning until his death. He was succeeded by his son Konstantinos XIII.
Nothing had expected Alexandros to accede to the throne one day. The second son of King Constantine, he was known as a mischievious child, before attending a Military Academy in Germany and distinguishing himself in combat during the Balkan Wars, the Great European War and the Continuation War ; he also created considerable outcry within the family by his courtship with commoner Aspasia Manos ; he almost relinquished his rights to the crown when Aspasia died of sepsis during a visit to the Athens Zoo, in 1918, when the couple was attacked by a monkey. He later settled, marrying Marie-José, sister to the king of Flanders ; when his elder brother Georgios was assassinated, without having a child, he acceeded to the throne of Greece.
If the relation of King Alexandros with Prime Minister Metaxas was uneasy, he vehemently supported his successor and namesake, Alexandros Papagos, and established a good working relationship with him, moreover after the coup attempt in 1944. The King’s experience with Germany helped to warm up relations with the hegemonic power, leading to the retrocession of Crete in 1938. Greece decided to remain neutral in the Great War, but the shifting of powers in Europe due to Syndicalist powers encouraged the Greeks to ally with Serbs to invade Italian Albania in 1945 ; three months after, the Ottomans followed suit… by invading Italian Anatolia and Constantinople. The hour was at hand for Greece : helped by the might of Russia, Greece was able to conquer Italian territories and to enter the Free City of Constantinople on September, 1 1946, ending 25 years of national humiliation. The ownership of the Byzantine capital was acknowledged by the Allies in 1948 and 1950, as a condition for Greek entry into the World War, but Prime Minister Alexandros Papagos approved of the completion of the Megali Idea by proclaiming the Empire of the Hellenes, on Alexandros’ 54th birthday on August, 1 1947, with Alexandros as its first “Basileus”. The British also approved of the annexation of Cyprus, that was annexed in 1955 after a 1950 plebiscite.
Nevertheless, if the Germans and the British had approved of Greek expansion as a fait accompli, the Italians didn’t accepted of the takeover of Albania, Ionian Islands and Dodecanese. As soon as the World War was finished in Italy, the Italian Army landed in Albania, leading a four-year-war against the Greek Army ; even if the Hellenes resisted vallantly, they were finally expelled from the Epirus after the battle of Ioannina on May, 9 1953, ending the First Greco-Italian War : the Italians weren’t too harsh on Greece, keeping Epirus and Ionian Islands as part of Albania, while relinquishing Anatolia and establishing a condominium over the Dodecanese that would lead to Greek annexation in 1957. Nevertheless, Crown Prince Philipp, that had fought in Albania, was so devastated over Greek defeat that he committed suicide.
The death of his eldest son distressed the Emperor, who left most of his royal prerogatives, his last public appearence being for the consecration of Hagia Sophia in 1955 and the reunification of the Dodecanese to Greece. He thus didn’t play an active role in the Constantinople and Cyprus race riots, nor in the timid democratization that followed Papagos’ death. He would die, aged 64, in 1958, in the middle of the Fifth Greco-Turkish War and in a Bosphoros Palace freshly renovated since its days as the Dolmabahçe Palace. If his eldest son never reigned, his two other sons, Konstantinos and Nikolaos, would succeed him.