I would say that the Sassanids need to avoid the reing of Hormizd IV and return to the pre Khosrau I status quo. If this is done, the Sassanid royalty can repair relations with the noble houses and also have a more efficient governmental spending policy. The Sassanid elites will not have to expend revenue (which depended upon successful war loot) on wasteful and poorly performing standing armies. All funds can go to constructing free cities to acquire greater state revenues and then in outfitting the Great Houses with gifts to sponsor more disciplined and strong cavalry-based armies. This will maintain the same sort of keen military prowess that the Arsacids and early Sassanids were famous for and hence avoid the disasters of the Arab victories across Mesopotamia. In the slightest, after initial defeats, they will recover, having still a coalition of the Great Houses and hence overwhelm the Arabs with cavalry.
In Byzantium, I am not sure. Time the Arab invasion during a civil war similar to the one following the death of Emperor Maurice. Say, instead of Heraclius asserting his power, he is slain too.. If the post changes more than three times in a single war, the Arabs may be able to take Constantinople through a combination of deception, treason and brute force. Meanwhile, the Sassandis either hold everything east of the Euphrates or east of the Zagros.