My personal list of underestimated countries:
1) Afghanistan - given the fact that Afghani tribesmen managed to conquer Iran for short time in XVIII century and successfuly rebuffed both Great Moghols and the British, it's quite likely that in the beginning of the XVIII century Afghanistan could have become major Asian power:
Hmmm.... It´s easy to defend Afghanistan, I think due to the territory. (remember both the british and russians never really conquering it).
I agree partially. It would never be a superpower but like in the case of the Afghani tribesmen that invaded Iran, it could be a starting point for a major power. If a succesful barbarian tribe manages to conquer Iran and or parts of India later on, then we´re talking business. However the capitol would never be in Afghanistan but rather close to the population and resources.
Hmmm... Then there were the Greeks in Afghanistan. What were they called? It was a really interesting culture. helleno-bactrian... or something.
2) Nepal - this mountain country was united and was successfully conquering surrounding territories in Northern India in the beginning of XIX century. But for the East India Company interference, Nepal may have become a powerful Indian state. The Great Moghols had also been a bunch of Babur's refugees in the beginning, hadn't they?
True. I´d like to see that taken somewhere. Perhaps earlier, even before the Moghuls?
3) Cambodia - but for the Tyam invasion in 1400s and lose of influence to Siam, the Kambudjadesha Empire may have been existing for quite long period of time. It would be good to see the TL that embarks on such alternative:
Yeah, I agree here to, although it´s difficult to see what it would change in the big pictures. If you manage to create a country able to modernize and sustain colonial aggression in 19th century then I´d be interested.
4) Tibet - WI the Great Tibet Empire of VII-VIII centuries had survived the Lang-Darma's disastrous rule and still been the power to reckon with on the Far East?
Were they ever a real power?
5) Ukraine - WI Boghdan Hmelnitskyi had continued his assault on Poland in 1648 and defeated the Ryech Pospolyta, thus creating the Ukrainian Cossack State?