TL: Sans Soyombo (No Mongol Empire)

[Tomarte]

This TL will be my attempt at making a spicy no-Mongol Empire timeline.
Please wish me luck and constructively criticize!
(Inspired by various other timelines.)

Legend
Military conflict
Treaty/agreement
Succession/death

List Of Chapters
Chapter I
Chapter II
Chapter III
Graphics Thread

​

CHAPTER ONE​

On the Steppe and in Asia...​

1105 - 1212​

1105: Wuyashu is killed during battle, and his brother Aguda takes over leadership of the Wanyan.
1108: General Yun Gwan of Korea allies with the Liao dynasty to subdue the Jurchen tribes after Aguda refuses to compromise when the Jurchen endure heavy casualties. Korea's borders are extended to the Yalu River.
1125: The Khitan-Korean suppression of the Jurchens has finally indicated Korea's shift away from the Sinosphere, despite maintaining friendly relations. Many Korean Confucianists advocate for establishing closer relations to China once again.
1129: Xi Xia conquers the Qinghai region.
1150: Seljuks aid the Ghaznavids against the Ghurid rulers. Sayf Addin Suri of Ghor is killed. However, with the Ghaznavids already declining, Bahram Shah was toppled by a coalition of governors and Seljuks. His son Khusrau Shah is installed as a puppet ruler of the Seljuks. Further Ghori trouble was luckily suppressed.
1166: Emperor Qinzong of Song dies at age 66. Emperor Renzong of Xi Xia, descending into a jingoist insanity, takes the opportunity to attack the Song's weak military. The Battle of Hezhou is inconclusive and a peace treatise is signed.
1167: Zhao Jin, son of Qinzong, ascends the throne of Song as Emperor Gengshi.
1173: Muhammad Ghori, nephew and successor of Sayf Addin Suri, rebels against the Seljuks, capturing Zamindawar and Herat with his brother Ghiyath. Focused on expelling the Oghuz Turks, he places an emphasis on Perso-Indian culture.
1170: Korea falls under a military regime. Seogyeong becomes the de facto capital of Korea, due to the military possessing much more power near the borderlands.
1186: Yesugei, Khan, dies naturally and peacefully due to his harmonious relationship with the Liao.
1190: Attacks on the Qocho Uyghur population by the Muslim Kara-Khanids lead many to migrate east to Xi Xia. Uyghurs increase the influence of Manichaeism in Xi Xia, adopting and popularizing practices of Maitreyanism.
1192: Karramiyya becomes a major sect, increasingly distant from orthodox Islam. Many Hindus find familiarity in its teachings and also an escape from the oppressive caste system, leading to several conversions.
1195: Prithviraj III establishes Gwailor as the capital of Sapadalaksha. He devotes time to reading texts such as the Ratnangiri and the Vedas collection in order to prepare for a campaign against the remnants of the Ghaznavids and the Oghuz Turks. Jayachandra of the Gangetic Plain continues to establish a discreet relationship with the Ghorids.
1201: Jirqoadai kills Temujin during the Battle of the Thirteen Sides. Hasar becomes the Khan. However, he is overshadowed and jealous of his younger brother Belgutei, causing administrative inefficiency and disorganization.
1205: Muhammad Ghori dies after being poisoned by Prithviraj III.
1206: After the Battle of Adrianople, several Cuman-Kipchak clans solidify their alliance with Bulgaria.
1213: Collaborating with Bhungar II of Sindh, the new Ghorid Sultan Ghiyath Addin Mahmud invades Chahamana territory.

In the Mediterranean...​

1142 - 1248​

1142: The Battle of Qatwan does not occur. Sultan Ahmad Sanjar consolidates his rule. The Seljuk realm is ruled by various different dynasties under the nominal rule of the Sultan in Isfahan.
1148: Kara Arslan and the Seljuk authorities launch a conspiracy to eliminate both Zengi and the County of Edessa. Tricking Joscelin II of Edessa into a faux alliance, the Artquids squash the County while the Seljuks establish a firm grip over Al Jazira.

​

1148: The Order of Assassins influence the impressionable Burid emir Mujir ad-Din who rules from Damascus.
1150: The Second Crusade fails in the Eastern Mediterannean, but goes well for the Christians in Iberia.
1155: Vizier Ibn Ruzzik of the Fatimids agrees to a truce with the Byzantines and the Crusader states and begins a policy of subtle opposition of the Normans.
1163: Vizier Shawar becomes the de facto nominal ruler of the Fatimid Caliphate. His powerful commander, Dirgham, gains considerable influence and is a de facto co-ruler of the collapsing Fatimid rule in Egypt. This sparks a rivalry.
1169: The Crusaders invade Egypt. Vizier Shawar orders the city of Fustat to be burnt to the ground. After the Battle of Damietta, the Crusaders manage to occupy Egypt all the way up to Luxor. Shawar is killed, and Dirgham flees to his homeland of Yemen. Caliph Al Adid dies unexpectedly.
1201: Sancho VII of Navarre establishes secret communications with Tlemcen via the Banu Ghaniya in order to not arouse opposition from the Pope.
1204: The Third Crusade against the Orthodox powers is concluded.
1207: Georgia invades the Lake Van region, expecting to take it from the fragile Seljuks. However, a surprising show of force allows the Anatolian Oghuz Turks to beat back Georgian forces in collaboration with the Eldiguzids. The Treaty of Van is signed between the three dynasties.
1222: The Artuqids conquer the weak Burid dynasty, taking Damascus as well as the Hejaz in the Battle of Cariatein.
1227: The Islamic Reconquista of the Holy Land begins. It marks the start of a ten-year long disaster for the Levantine Crusader states.
1231: Dunama Dabbelemi, King of Kanem, launchs raids on Crusader-occupied Egypt with the casus belli of opening up the Hajj route once again. Dabbelemi occupies Upper Egypt with his army. The division of the Kanem Empire intensifies, with the Sefuwa dynasty, supported by the Assyrophile Magumi aristocracy, focusing power north and the Duguwa dynasty in the south.
1233: The Kanem military of 40,000 occupy Al-Qahira, but soon loose it to an elite Saxon regiment. Dabbelemi is proclaimed Sultan of Egypt. The new capital is proclaimed Luxor. It it noted by historians that the Khamaseen Winds played a vital role in reducing the effectiveness of the Latin armies.

​

1235: The Bulgarians, with the Nicaeans and Cumans, successfully conquer Constantinople from the Latins. John Asen II becomes the Emperor of the Romans and solidifies Bulgaria's role as an Orthodox power. Nicaea declines while Epirus resists the Slavs.

​

1237: The Kingdom of Jerusalem looses Palestine in the Battle of Al-Lut to the Artuqids. They are confined to the coast, centered on the cities of Tyre and Acre.
1241: After years of campaigning, the Knights Hospitaller make the islands of Kastellorizo and Rhodes submit to their nominal authority.
1242: It is here when Kanem splits in two; the Sultanate of Kusi, or the Sefawid dynasty of Egypt, captures Cairo, Damietta, and Alexandria, ending over 70 years of Latin presence in Egypt. Kusi is the Assyrian version of Kush. Many Karaite Jews and Copts are members of the new Islamic-led administration. Near Lake Chad, the original Kanuri administration continues under King Kade I of the Kadiria clan, which now popularly goes under the name of Organa.

​

1247: Triggered by Sultan Kaykaus II, an ethnic Greek, the Sultanate of Rum begins to use soft power to influence the remnants of Nicaea. Using his appeal, Rum begins to quickly absorb border towns and cities, including major influence in Ousakeion.

In Europe...​

1220 - 1264​

1220: Frederick II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1223: After being expelled from Majorca, the Banu Ghaniya clan allies with the emerging Hafsid dynasty. Several contingents instigate the 1223 Malta Revolt to torment the Normans. They are mostly unsuccessful.
1225: Frederick II marries the future Isabella II of Jerusalem.
1233: Halych is conquered by the Hungarians with the help of the Severin Cumans, an explicitly anti-Bulgarian group of Cumans.
1237: Bulgaria hands administrative power over Mount Athos to the Georgian Empire to solidify Orthodox cooperation. This irritates the Greek Macedonian population and is a signifier of new animosity between the Slavs and Hellenes.
1238: Frederick II is excommunicated by the Pope for failing to prevent Muslim reconquest of the Holy Land.
1239: Henry II of the Silesian Piasts ends the period of fragmentation of Poland by uniting the Polish realms under his rule. He is accepted by the Polish nobility and the Church as the King of Poland. The Kingdom of Hungary immediately sends their best regards to King Henry.
1240: Frederick II is excommunicated a second time for continuing to play with the Lombards.
1241: Conrad of Masovia dies mysteriously after the Silesian Piasts conquer Masovia.

​

1242: Frederick II is excommunicated by the Pope a third time for loosing Egypt to the Kanembu sultans.
1250: Baibars, a Cuman chief, rises to prominence after the death of Koten Khan on the Steppe and defends the Cumans against the Magyars.
1253: Genoa is granted free trade rights by the Tsar of Bulgaria and also recieves preference from coastal governors of Anatolia. Thus, Venice is eclipsed.
1254: Frederick II dies.
1255: Volga Bulgaria, a regional trade power under Khan Mikhail ibn Chelbir, is devastated by raids from the Rus' and the Cumans. Many Slavs and Kipchaks monopolize in the region, but fail to increase the political power of their home states in Volga Bulgaria.
1259: Cassaria is established by the Genoese, stretching from the Sea of Azov to Cembalo.
1261: In Russia, Novgorod, Kiev, Chernigov, and Vladimir emerge as the predominant powers. Volhynia bullies Moldavian tribes.

Back in Asia...​

1220 - 1299​

1220: Govindaraja IV, successor of Prithviraja III, is killed by Aladdin Ali Ghori. Balhanadeva, son of Govindajara IV, is instated as a vassal ruler of the Ghurids based in the mountainous fortress complex of Ranthampura.
1223: Married to a princess of the Soomra dynasty of Sindh, Aladdin Ali Ghori dies. Iltutmish takes power of all Ghurid territories while keeping Sindh a vassal state. Caliph Al Mustansir recognizes him as ruler of Hindustan.
1229: Han Chinese begin settling in the Penghu Islands in large numbers. More frequent expeditions to Lesser Liuqiu are held.
1236: Razia Sultana becomes queen regnant of Hindustan.

​

1244: Under Mahmud II of the Seljuks, grandson of Toghrul III, the Artuqids and Rum Turks achieve full administrative independence. Turkic influence over the Abbasid Caliph also reduces, and the Sultans of Rum and the Artuqid realms both ally themselves with the Caliph Al Mustasim.
1249: Around 30,000 Muslims of Arab, Persian, and Central Asian descent are reported to be living in the Cangzhou region as part of a strategy to create a buffer state between the Khitans and Chinese. Intermarriage with Khitan and Chinese brides is common.
1251: The Shirvanshahs continue to be a tool used by both the Georgians and the Eldiguzids in order to fight for supremacy in Shirvan, and more widely in the Caspian. Gradually, Shirvan looses Persian influence that is supplanted by Kartvelian influence.
1263: The Khwarezmians under the newly appointed Shah Qutuz ally with the Qocho Uyghurs to torment the Kara Khanids. Eventually, the Kara Khanids loose much of their western lands to the Khwarizmis, including the cities of Samarkand, Khojand, and Taraz. The Kara Khanid capital is moved to the city of Aksu, closer to the Chinese border. The Kara Khanids enter a state of permanent decline.

​

1273: The Mevlevi Order is founded in Nishapur, and soon opens headquarters in Konya and Sivas.
1276: The Fifth Crusade ends. Latin Christians fail to recapture Egypt from the Sefawids and the Levant from the Artuqid-Abbasid coalition. Only Tripoli, Acre, and Cyprus remain in Western European hands. It is the last of the medieval Mediterranean crusades.
1279: The independent Georgian Crusade begins.
1284: Under Mesud II, the Turkish conquest of Nicaea is complete. Andronikos II, Emperor of Nicaea, flees to the Morea. Nikephoros of Epirus is deposed, with the Palaiologos dynasty being the only ethnic Hellene polity ruling, with territory from Attica to Pylia.
1286: Mesud II allows the Ahi Guild to establish the semi-autonomous Republic of Angora. The Bacıyanı Rum, the female equivalent set up by Fatma Evran Hatun, encouraged women, especially Greek peasant-women, to ascend economically.

​

1290: The Khalji dynasty comes to power.
1294: The Choe military regime over Korea falls. King Chungjong is left nominally in power. General Gi Ja Oh of the Haengju Gi clan, supported by several Khitan ministers, successfully launches a coup, crowns himself King Onjo (溫祚) and forms the Joseon dynasty, officially declared as a revival of the Old Joseon empire. Several prominent military families still wield significant power.
1295: In order to clear barriers for annexation of Trebizond, Georgia concedes trading rights to Genoa in Circassia. Under King Demetrius II, Georgia occupies Trebizond and renames it the Viceroyalty of Lazona.
1296: Kertanegara of Singhasari is poisoned by Kediri agents. His daughter is crowned Queen Gayatri Rajapatni, who is married to Raden Vijaya. Together, they execute Jayakatwang and consolidate their power in Nusantara. Hence begins a new era for the Rajasa dynasty, the Majahapit era.
1297: Malikussaleh, the first Muslim king in Nusantara, dies. Samudera becomes a Majahapit tributary.
1298: A natural form of Islamic syncretism becomes common in western Anatolia called Efseviyye, derieved from a Greek philosophical term. Adherents perform Christian baptisms, incorporate Platonist ideas, and are iconoclasts. One of the most prominent Efseviyye jurists is Idris Al Attiki (1258-1309). The Tondrakians are also discreetly protected by Ahi merchant communities.
1299: Ataman Bey forms the Ottoman Beylik centered on Jend as a subordinate dynasty of the Khwarezmians.

Once More in Europe...​

1280 - 1333​

1280: The Renaissance is said to begin, triggered by transmission of ideas from the Muslim World, renewed interest in Ancient Egypt, and the consolidation of Christian dominance in the Black Sea. Arabic numerals become more and more popular across Southern Europe.
1282: Poland allies with the Livonian Order and invades Lithuania after the death of Duke Traidenis. Members of the Gediminid dynasty are either killed, exiled, or forced to convert to Catholicism. Mass conversions were sponsored by Pope Martin IV.
1284: Polotsk becomes a vassal of the Crown of Poland.
1288: Many of Tusi's scientific works begin to be translated into Latin in Toledo, planting the seeds for estrangement of Papal authority in Western Europe.
1302: Margaret, Maid of Norway, is married to King Edward II of England, thus ensuring the Union of the Crowns.
1311: Obtained through the Turks, gunpowder is used to make artillery in Bulgaria, and is tested for naval warfare by the Genoese.
1315: Isabella of France marries Alfonso IV of Aragon.
1316: Peter IV, heir to the throne of Aragon and claimant to the throne of France, is born.
1324: The War of Saint Sardos occurs.
1328: Charles IV of France dies. Peter IV of Aragon places a claim on the throne of France, thus beginning the War of French Succession. He marries the Duchess Blanche, the last surviving direct member of the Capetian dynasty.
1330: Edward III forms the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
1333: The Moors recapture Gibraltar.

The Black Death​

1354 - 1378​

Death Rates
10-20% in Europe (Malthusian collapse c. 1355)
10% in China
23% in the Middle East
3% in India

Go to Chapter Two...

​

 

[WilliamOfOckham]

Woop woop, it's the Big Butterfly PoD! Looking forward to it.

I really like that map, very cool design. How did you make it? Hoping to see the Xixia make something of themselves; Tangut is the best.

 

[Historyman 14]

Hey, hey, do you hear that? That's the sound of Mothra herself pulling a wing, leading to this.

Fun times ahead.

 

[Tomarte]

Woop woop, it's the Big Butterfly PoD! Looking forward to it.

I really like that map, very cool design. How did you make it? Hoping to see the Xixia make something of themselves; Tangut is the best.

Used the Paint app on PC and a template from Google. Then used the iOS apps Picsart and Phonto to edit it.

 

[Zincvit]

I will follow this with interest. I love medieval history.

 

[CELTICEMPIRE]

Interesting.

 

[Tomarte]

First post updated. Bump.​

 

[WilliamOfOckham]

Awesome. Lots of research clearly going into very diverse events. This looks like it’ll be a Mongol PoD done right.

How did the Kanem manage to get 120,000 soldiers (I’m assuming that’s a modern count, not a medieval one - in which case it’s massive) across the Western Desert?

 

[akramos2012]

Great chapter a see a lot of potential.

 

[Tomarte]

CHAPTER TWO​

Meanwhile in Asia and the Mediterranean...​

1307 - 1390​

1307: Alauddin Khalji of Hindustan is killed in battle with the Sevunas, ending the southern campaigns. The Sultanate descends into chaos, with no clear successor or power base in the palace. Most provinces east of Delhi break out in rebellion. In Bengal, Shamsuddin Shah consolidates the Kingdom of Lakhnauti.
1308: Jayavarman VIII of Kampuchea, a devout Hindu, dies after an alleged 65 year reign. His Hindu son Indrabhupesvera becomes the Devaraja and works to eliminate Theravada Buddhism in the lands under his direct rule.
1309: The Soomra dynasty of Sindh gains de facto administrative independence back and propogates Ismailism.
1311: Islam is encouraged by the Khmer government in coastal borderlands in order to fight against the Theravada presence. The Devaraja also begins to favor his Mahayana subjects, signaling a slow political inclination towards China and Dai Viet.
1325: Mansa Musa of Imperial Mali performs his groundbreaking Hajj. His extravagant wealth diverts attention to Timbuktu rather than to the Lake Chad region, and sparks a greater interest in West Africa for European merchants in Cairo.
1326: After regaining strength lost in the drought of the early 1300s, the Kirghiz tribes coalesce and decide to move westward along the Steppe, capturing much submissive territory. In a few years, they reach the borders of the Cumans and challenge their supremacy of the Western Steppe.

​

1328: King Onjo of Korea dies. He is succeeded by his son Gi Cheol, crowned King Wonjong.
1331: The Qocho Uyghurs rebel against the Kara Khanids in the Gaochang Revolt. All territories east of the Jetisuu is lost to the Uyghurs.
1332: Leo IV of Armenia is deposed by Armenian barons for his pro-Western views. Interference by the coalition of Seljuk, Georgian, and Artuqid dynasties leads Demetrios Soultanos Palaiologos, Christian descendent of the Seljuks, to be crowned as Leo V, puppet king of Cilician Armenia. Leo V is converted to Armenian Orthodoxy and is a symbol of anti-Latin resistance in the Middle East.
1334: Princess Hwang Hu of Korea is married to the Khan Yelü Elge of Great Liao. She is known as Qi Khatun.
1335: Based in Cyprus, the forces of the House of Lusignan invades Cilicia to restore Catholic interests on the mainland, capturing Antioch for three days and then being forced to abandon it due to the circumstances.
1336: Hammir Singh of the Sisodia dynasty of Rajputana quickly expands his empire. It is a sign of a period of fragmentation and birth of various Indian states, later called the Twelve Dynasties Period by Chinese historians.

1337: The Marinids ally with the Hafsids in subjugating Tlemcen.
1338: The Bhakti movement grows in India, particularly in the territories of the Sisodia and Bundela dynasties as a response to the Islamic states in the Indus region and in the Bengal.
1339: Qi Khatun, primary empress of the Great Liao, hatches a long term scheme with Korean eunuchs in the Khitan court and the oppressed Jalair tribe to make her four-year-old son, Prince Yelu Jizi, heir presumptive to the Khitan throne.
1340: Rum and Bulgaria together attack the remainder of the Byzantine state in the Aegean War, occupying much of mainland Greece. The Turks place the Melikes family as the new rulers of Greece based in Athens. Bulgaria annexes Western Macedonia. The Despot of Epirus, confined to the terrtorial extent of the Epirus region, allies with the Venetians in order to preserve their dynasty.

​

1341: Sultan Abu Al Hasan of Morocco establishes a defensive pact with James III of Majorca.
1342: The Rathore clan of Jodhpur rebels against the Sisodia of Udaipur. As a compromise, the Sisodia ruler moves the capital to the trade city of Pali, where the leader of the Champavata Rathore clan is appointed as hereditary governor.
1344: The Pagan Empire of Burma finally dissolves under King Sithu. This is attributed to the overwhelming power of the Theravada clergy and negligence of proper governance in the Irrawaddy region.
1345: Soon after, the Kingdom of Ava succeeds Pagan as the primary Bamar power.
1346: The Marinids of Morocco recieve delegations from Safawid Egypt, the Sultanate of Rum, and Organa.
1349: A lengthy period of Sinicization of the Tangut people of Xi Xia leads the state to become a de facto vassal of the Zhou dynasty. Tangut culture, religion, and language begin to increase in popularity in China proper.
1350: Ayutthaya forms.
1351: Theravada clergy members, persecuted in Burma and Kampuchea, flee to Sri Lanka and India, where they in turn help strengthen Buddhist institutions in Sri Lanka and the Bengal region.
1352: The Kirghiz hordes decline and begin to fade in power. However, their raids have weakened the Cumans, who are confined west of the Sarisu River. Khwarezm and the Kara Khanids also experience losses, with around 10% of their non-Kirghiz populations abducted or killed. Many Kimeks, who faced devastation, migrate westwards into Cumania, Hungary, and Bulgaria.
1354: In place of the Kirghiz hordes, what became known as the Tatar Orda, a regional confederation, begun on the Central Steppe.
1355: Prince Yelu Jizi is installed as Emperor Zhaozong of Liao in a coup d'etat instigated by his mother, Qi Khatun. This causes a deep divide in the court, with the anti-Korean faction starting the Liao Civil War.
1356: The Song dynasty collapses due to a multitude of factors, ultimately triggered by the Black Death. Zhang Shicheng takes power and declares the Great Zhou, with himself crowned as Emperor Tianyu at Nanjing. The White Lotus sect is extremely influential.

​

1357: Caliph Al Mutadid excommunicates Sultan Mahmud III for failing to adhere to Caliphal reforms.
1358: The Tran dynasty of Dai Viet calls upon the Zhou to assist them in maintaining their kingdom and eliminating the Champa.
1359: The Zhou dynasty invades and occupies Dai Viet, starting the Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam.
1360: Mahmud III, Sultan of the Great Seljuks, is assassinated by his divan. Seljuk authority over Persia, Iraq, and Khorasan dwindles rapidly.
1361: Renovation on the Grand Canal of China begins.
1362: The former eastern Seljuk realms are controlled by various dynasties; the Bavands of Tehran, the Kartids of Herat, and the Anushtiginids of Khwarazm. The Abbasid Caliphate regains full independence and remain based in Baghdad.

​

1365: Sultan Kaykaus III of Rum cedes the Kars-Erzurum region to Georgia to consolidate their alliance.
1364: The Artuqid dynasty weakens dramatically with the death of Sultan Salih Shamsaddin Mahmud. Central control of regions outside of Damascus, Aleppo, and Mardin begin to falter under the pressure of neighboring states and accelerated trade interests.
1368: In the Central Levant, three families that benefited from the Artuqids come to rise in regional politics. These were the Christian Malouf dynasty (2) in the Hawran, the Druze Maan dynasty (4), and the Muslim Harfoush dynasty (3) in the Biqa Valley. The Bahdinan Emirate (1) also gains influence in lands formerly between the Artuqid and Abbasid realms.
1376: At the death of Sultan David II of the Artuqids, the administration divides the realm into several emirates, ruled by notable families and generals.

​

1377: The Sefawid dynasty of Egypt invades the Hejaz with the decline of the Artuqids. They successfully capture the region. Additionally, they invade the Holy Land in the Battle of Gaza, where Jerusalem falls under Egyptian hegemony.
1379: After the Battle of Taybad where the Bavands defeat the Kartid army, the Malik Ghiyasuddin Kart signs a pact promising not to cross a military over and beyond the Lut Desert. Hence, the dynasty begins to set their eyes on conquest of Hindustan.
1382: North African powers begin to import West African mercenaries after trade with the Catholic Monarchy is restricted due to fears of gradual Franco-Aragonese economic dominance over North Africa.
1386: The Hafsid dynasty of Tunis begins to shine as a major trading power in the Mediterranean, signing several treaties with Italian merchant republics.
1387: The Burmese sack the capital of Ramannadesa, the city of Pegu. The region is redivided into three regions, subdued, and Mon centralization is broken down.
1390: Upon the ascension of Po Nagar, new Champa raja and son of Po Binasuor, the Champa kingdom begins to recover strength lost during constant conflicts with the Viets to their north.

In Europe...​

1368 - 1388​

1368: Turmoil in the political courts of Christian Iberia allow for Algeciras to be reconquered by the Moors.
1369: After the death of Peter of Castile, Ferdinand I of Portugal is selected as King of Castile and marries the young daughter of the deceased Peter, the now Queen Isabella. Their realm is declared an empire, and Ferdinand as Emperor of All Spains.

​

1370: Due to internal instability, the Hispanic Empire continues to extract tribute from Granada.
1372: Venice and Great Britain ally with the Marinids and Hafsids in order to defend each other against the two new Catholic dynasties. This is known as the Quadruple Alliance. It is immediately condemned by the Pope.
1373: The Pope formally passes the Venetian Interdict which begins a lengthy diplomatic, and sometimes violent, quarrel between Venice and the Papacy.
1380: John the First of Aragon and the Second of France, direct descendant of the House of France and the House of Barcelona, puts an end to the War of the French Succession. He is crowned King of France and Aragon, the realm of which is called the Catholic Monarchy. The two states remain in personal union.
1381: The Sicilian Rebellion erupts in response to French merge with the Crown of Aragon. This in turn ignites anxiety in Catalan lands, fearing unwanted cultural and politicial dominance of Franceis speakers in the Mediterranean.
1382: Barbary pirates are encouraged by the Tunisian government to plunder ships of the two Catholic dynasties.
1383: Ferdinand of All Spain dies, leaving behind his heir, John I with his mother Queen Isabella.
1384: In exile in Aachen and with popular influence in northern France, the House of Valois place a claim to the throne of France as opposed to the Capetian-Aragonese dynasty that is de facto in power. While not formally in power, they continue to fight the Plantagenets' influence in mainland Europe in a cold war.
1387: The dialects of the lenga d'oc begin to recover their prestige status in southern France, posing a threat to the supremacy of the French languages.

In Africa...​

1325 - 1388​

1325: Ibn Battuta begins his voyages.
1332: Sabraddin of Adal successfully rebels against the Ifat sultan and the Ethiopians. He takes over the position of Sultan while the nation remains in an unstable state. The new Sultan begins the Red Peaks Campaign to help emerging Ethiopian Muslim states east of the Red Mountains.
1339: The Sefawids of Egypt successfully establish a tributary over the Kingdom of Makuria under King Georgios VI. Disputes almost immediately begin over the migration of Muslim Arab tribes into the Sudan.
1340: In the Great Lakes region, the last of Kitara splinters into many smaller states.
1341: The Sultan of Egypt officially bans the migration of Arab tribes into the Sudan, sparking conflict in the Egyptian court.
1344: Said of Mogadishu is the first African to visit China. He creates a Mandarin-Somali encyclopedia of his travels.
1346: Sultan Abu Al Hasan of Morocco is almost bludgeoned to death by a Zayyanid subject in Fes. The Moroccan administration deems him unfit to rule and deposes him. The military sidse with the Sultan and his son, Faris, while the Vizier supports his younger brother Fadi.
1347: A coup, with the support of the Maqil tribes, installs Sultan Faris as nominal monarch.

​

1350: Constant attacks on the Alodian capital by pagan tribes leads to the start of the White Nile Crusade. Ethiopia and Alodia form an alliance to push back the southern tribes and to establish a southern frontier.
1351: Chwa I ascends to the throne of Buganda.
1352: Emperor Sayfa Ared of Ethiopia, a great supporter of the unity of the Oriental Orthodox nations, begins to exert political influence in the territories of Alodia.
1356: The permanent decline of Alodia leads to the prosperity of the Kingdom of Al-Abwab, a Nubian state similar to the Sultanate of Rum, meaning it encompassed a dual Muslim-Christian Orthodox identity.
1359: Ibn Battuta finally returns to Morocco and sees the political chaos and the pandemic ravaging the country. He flees to Granada where he composes his work The Travels. This book quickly is translated into Castilian.
1388: Somalis found the Hillalee dynasty of the Maldives.

WORLD MAP c. 1390
(Sorry for the quality, this site is trying to sabotage my beautiful maps).

Go to Chapter Three...​

 

[akramos2012]

Great chapter
Can you give us some info About north African and Iberia.

 

[Tomarte]

Both chapters updated. Bump.
Be sure to check both and comment recommendations, questions, etc!
(July 3rd, 2020)

Chapter I
Chapter II ​

 

[walmart]

King of Kanem, launchs raids on Crusader-occupied Egypt with the casus belli of opening up the Hajj route once again. Dabbelemi occupies Upper Egypt with his army. The division of the Kanem Empire intensifies, with the Sefuwa dynasty, supported by the Assyrophile Magumi aristocracy, focusing power north and the Duguwa dynasty in the south.
1233: The Kanem military of 120,000 occupy Al-Qahira, but soon loose it to an elite Saxon regiment. Dabbelemi is proclaimed Sultan of Egypt. The new capital is proclaimed Luxor. It it noted by historians that the Khamaseen Winds played a vital role in reducing the effectiveness of the Latin armies.

The Sahara is going block any army and Kanem doesn’t have the population for an army that size

 

[Pio2013]

Subd! I like what im seeing.

 

[Sarufiyyun]

You honestly got my attention by having Kanem make a play for Egypt. Call it implausible or ASB or whatever but it's original. This takes me back to reading the TLs from more than a decade ago!

 

[Tomarte]

You honestly got my attention by having Kanem make a play for Egypt. Call it implausible or ASB or whatever but it's original. This takes me back to reading the TLs from more than a decade ago!

Weirder things have happened in OTL so I thought it would be interesting to see a black African dynasty with an Assyria kink rule Egypt. Honestly surprised by my own creativity sometimes lmao

 

[Sarufiyyun]

Creativity is always nice to have! Look forward to more!

 

[Tomarte]

Chapter II finished and Graphics Thread created. Bump.
Chapter III to be started soon.
Please comment recommendations and questions.

Chapter II
Graphics Thread​

 

[Tomarte]

CHAPTER THREE​

In Southeast Asia...​

1411 - 1501​

1411: The Burmese sack Chiang Mai, capital of Lan Na. The kingdom comes under Burmese influence.
1416: King Mingaung of Ava launches the Phitsanulok expedition and plunders the Ayutthaya subentity Sukhothai but is unable to fully conquer the kingdom, instead merely stationing a garrison. The capital of Phitsanulok endures massive damages.
1417: In Kampuchea, Barom Reamea centralizes and rebuilds the administrative system of the empire while its neighbors are preoccupied. Friendly relations are established with traders and diplomats from China and Burma.
1426: The Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam (1359-1426) ends as the Le dynasty is established.
1428: Emperor Le Loi forms a vassal relationship with the Zhou dynasty of China under the Thanh Hoa Accords, the conditions of which are the restoration of Confucian values in governance as well as free trade and loose immigration agreements with Chinese merchants.
1433: China's excellent relationship with Malacca troubles the stability of the courts of Majahapit. Nobles begin to be braver in meddling in royal affairs, with succession crises slowly becoming more and more intense.
1453: The death of Rajasawardhana of Majahapit throws the empire into fragmentation, with the Chinese actively supporting the Saint Sunan Ampel in his preachings. The fiefs of Glagah Wangi and Kediri begin to rise up with support from the Chinese, based in Malacca.
1456: Dai Viet campaigns against Champa, reducing their northern territories.
1460: Kertabhumi, a Majahapit prince, converts to Islam and gains the support of the Chinese and the Malay. His wife, a Muslim woman called Empress Ratu Dwarawati, plays a significant role in his political life. He declares himself as Sultan.
1474: Under King Trailok, the Siamese easily sack Angkor which was already experiencing the effects of climate change. Srey Reachea flees to Krong Chaktomok, where he establishes it as the new capital. The Khmer Empire is officially disestablished.
1478: At the death of Sultan Kertabhumi, his son Arya, supported by his half-Chinese stepbrother Raden, declares their claim to the Majahapit throne. The Majahapit Civil War continues, essentially being the Muslims and the Chinese versus the Hindu-Buddhist faction, led by King Brawijaya IV.
1479: Sukhothai is reconquered by the Ayutthaya and is reincorporated as a periphery of the core mandala of Ayutthaya.
1480: Lan Na is restored as a Siamese tributary state.
1501: Ava collapses with the death of Mingaung II. The Taungoo Viceroyalty assumes dominion over most lands. However, the Prome Viceroyalty continues to rise and contend the Taungoo rulers for supremacy.

Meanwhile in Europe...​

1410 - 1489​

1410: Handguns begin to be used by major European armies and Italian merchant republics.
1411: Poland annexes all land south of the Neman River in the Polish-Teutonic War.
1412: Manuel I of the Silves dynasty launches La Arrebata (the Ambush) into Morocco. It is seen as the start of the Hispanic Empire and a continuation of the Reconquista outside Europe.
1413: Anna the Ruthenian is married to the King of Hungary, solidifiying an alliance between central Russian states and Hungary.
1415: Much of Morocco falls under the rule of the Iberians, with most of it being organized into the "Viceroyalty of the Moorlands". The Wattasids hold out from their capital at Marrakesh while the Zayyanids struggle between the Hafsids, Iberians, and the Aragonese.

​

1417: Queen Anna of Hungary dies childless from an unknown sickness. Emeric III of Hungary is said to have been extremely devastated at her loss, and is believed to have vowed never to marry again.
1418: The War of Ram Castle (1418-1424) begins between Bulgaria, under Emperor Kaliman IV, and Hungary, under King Emeric III. Bloodshed sparked over conflict of interests regarding the Cumans, national borders, and the political status of the Vlach populations. Poland and Venice nominally affiliate with the Hungarians, while Genoa supports the Bulgarians through trade. The Sultanate of Rum remains a neutral contender, under Sultan Suleyman III.
1419: The Iberian Renaissance begins.
1420: The Teutons and several Lithuanian princes sign the Treaty of Christmemel against the Polish.
1421: The Polish Crusade in Lithuania is finalized, with most Lithuanian lands set firmly in the process of Christianization.
1422: Theodore Muzaka, nobleman of the Muzaka family, unites the Albanian tribes north of the Greek Epirus against the Bulgarians and Serbs in the Epriot Revolution. He founds the Duchy of the Epirot. Despite remaining an Orthodox, he encourages conversion to Roman Catholicism, and to an extent, Islam, to disaffiliate the Albanian population from their Orthodox neighbors.
1423: Granada effectively becomes a territory of Hispania under a Statute of Autonomy. The Emir's power is reduced to that of a local prince, with his territorial jurisdiction being limited to an area between the Baetics and Veleta. Muslims, and to an extent Jews, are free to practice their faith in the territory.
1424: In the war in the Balkans, the tide changes in the favor of Hungary when the new Sultan Kilij Arslan VI of Rum invades Tsarigrad. In the Sack of Tsarigrad, the Turks conquer the city. Genoa instead begins favorable shipments to the Turks, Venice withdraws, the Cuman tribes begin to falter dramatically, and Poland takes the oppurtunity to push southward. The War of Ram Castle ends.

(Eastern Thrace is supposed to be Turkish)​

1425: Through the Republic of Venice, an ally, Theodore I of the Epirot (Albania) sends letters to Italian leaders such as Giovanni Orsini, the Doge of Venice, and to Pope Martin V, requesting support.
1427: Prince Fruzhin, a popular leader, seizes leadership of Bulgaria and negotiaties the fragile Peace of Arad with the Hungarians. It marks the start of another phase of cooperation between Orthodox and Catholic powers.
1428: Emeric III of Hungary dies with only a daughter, Mary the Magyar. She marries Stephen III of Heder, a relative of the national Palatine. This is the start of the Hédervári dynasty's rule of Hungary. The Aba, Csák and Záh families gain considerable favor.
1429: Cannons are adopted into the army of the Holy Roman Empire.
1438: The Castillan nobility repeatedly brands the King of Hispania as 'Lusitanian and a Jew lover' in order to gain political concessions and push their aggressive Catholic agenda against the Muslims of Granada.
1441: John Hunyadi becomes the Voivode of Transylvania.
1442: France-Aragon invades Naples, ending Angevin rule. John II of France-Aragon gains the title John VII of Naples.
1443: Stephen Kosaca, Grand Duke of Bosnia, emigrates to Constantinople after the death of his daughter Queen Katarina, allegedly due to domestic violence. He is introduced to Islam and explores the Efseviyye traditions.
1445: Historians mark this as the start of the Franco-Aragonese rivalry against the Habsburgs.
1446: The Italic League forms between the Papacy, Florence, Milan, and Venice.
1447: As a consequence of France-Aragon's rapid expansion, the Italian Forty Wars begin. France-Aragon, Poland, and Hungary oppose the Holy Roman Empire, Great Britain, with several Italian states switching sides advantageous to their interests.
1450: Francisco Sforza agrees to the Peace of Cremona with Venice. The Duchy of Milan is split in the Partition of Milan, between the House of Sforza and the Ambrosian Republic. Both states are effective partners of the Italic League.

​

1452: Genoa's Black Sea colonies evolve into a group of autonomous entities. The Bank of Saint George, along with several Genoese nobles, form fiefdoms and colonial enterprises in the region, facilitating trade and settlement.

​

1454: France-Aragon conquers the island of Malta from the Hafsids in the Reconquista of Malta. Tunisia hangs on to the island of Ghawdex, narrowly negotiatied for by Italian merchants who wish to keep Franco-Aragonese influence at bay.
1458: Bulgaria formally looses the last of their land on the other side of the Danube.
1466: Catherine of Bohemia, wife of the Voivode of Transylvania Ladislaus, gives birth to a son. The Compactata is ratified by the Pope.
1471: The arquebus is created in Granada. The Emir presents this invention to the King of Hispania, which subsequently delays the demise of the Muslim kingdom. However, much of the Castilian nobility warns of their innovations.
1478: During the weak reign of Philibert I, France-Aragon invades Savoy. Soon, French forces occupy Turin. The Italic League backs his younger brother, Prince Charles of Savoy in a bloody struggle of power.
1484: Richard III of England, a Plantagenet, dies. Gascony dwindles into insignificance and is discreetly annexed by France-Aragon.
1486: Anne of Brittany is endowed to the Prince Edward V of Britain, enraging the Franco-Aragonese monarch. The Franco-Breton War begins, between France-Aragon and Brittany, which is supported by Britain and the Italic League.
1487: Frederick of the Habsburgs dies. The Habsburg center of power slowly shifts towards Brussels and Prague.

​

1488: France-Aragon convinces the Breton court not to marry the British heir for fear of another Franco-British conflict. However, Anne of Brittany then arranges her own marriage to Prince Johannes of the Habsburgs. Under threat from Britain, several Italian states, and possibly Hispania, France-Aragon refrains from invading the Duchy, hence allowing Brittany to become a Habsburg possession. It is known as the Mad Abeyance.
1489: Under an agreement with the Turks, the Genoese maintain heavy influence in Cyprus, keeping away the Venetians. Genoese interest in annexing Cyprus causes tensions not only with the Turks, but also with the Egyptians and the Levantine dynasties.

In the East, Central, and South of Asia...​

1400 - 1496​

1401: The Seunas under Jaitugi III, having subjugated the Kakatiya long ago, continue to flourish as the main Hindu imperial dynasty. However, incursions from Muslim and other Indian dynasties begin to put the empire into decline.
1403: The Forbidden City of Nanjing is completed under the Zhou dynasty. China's capital is formally relocated to the city.
1404: Great Liao begins to decline permanently. Several Korean, Jurchen, and Mongol clans vy for power in the Court.
1406: Zheng He begins his voyages, comissioned by the Emperor to find easier trade routes that could pose as an alternative to the Silk Road.
1410: The Kartids conquer Hindustan with the help of the Ismaili community, killing Sultan Muizuddin Masud in battle.
1413: Kutch is conquered by the Kartids.
1419: Narasimha Deva IV of the Eastern Ganga submits to the Sultan of Bengal as a vassal. Jagyeswara Routa of the Gajapatis begins to rise to prominence, and becomes a major leader in the fight against the Bengalis from the city of Balasura.

​

1428: In Zaiton, collaboration between Muslim engineers sponsored by the Abbasid Caliphate and local Chinese engineers produce the first concept of an internal combustion engine and experiment with gunpowder.
1433: As the Anushtingids of Central Asia decline, the small Atamanid Principality incorporates Urganj into their realm.
1450: Esen Khan of the Oirat attacks Hami, a city of the Uighurs, in the Crisis of Cumuda. Fearing for their safety, local lords of Hexi attack the Oirats, bringing the Chinese into the conflict. The young Crown Prince, an opponent of his father's sea-oriented policies, gathers an army and heads for Hami.
1452: The Crown Prince is assassinated in the Fulu Incident. His heartbroken father, the Emperor, names the Prince of Tan as Crown Prince. With the extinction of the main line, the authority of the monarchy becomes unstable, with various aristocratic families vying for power.
1473: In the Onin War, the leaders of the Yamana and Hosokawa clans die. Throughout the past 200 years, the Emperor Tsuchimikado II had been building up power due to the loss of trust in the shogunate. With 80,000 troops, the imperial faction gets involved in the war.
1476: Chinese sailors are recorded to have visited the Saudeleur dynasty of Pohnpei while examing the coastline of Papua for Ternate.
1478: The Shimazu, an outlier clan, presents the Turkish/Javanese matchlock, obtained via a Chinese Silk Road merchant, to the Emperor. The Emperor uses this oppurtunity to secretly produce native Japanese matchlocks.
1481: Kabir, a mystic of the Sant Mat tradition, ignites social defiance and hope in war-torn areas along Muslim-Hindu borderlands. His poems and ideals influence Hindus and Sufis alike, and further push egalitarianism.
1482: The last dredges of the Onin War disappear when the Bunmei Restoration takes effect. Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado, with an artillery corps of a few hundred and support of many tozama daimyo and old guard families like the Date clan. Conflict continues to rage on.

​

1486: Manichean Uighur traders and delegates from Turpan revive the Indian interest in Manichaeism, establishing renewed focus on the Maitreya Buddha.
1487: Zhou begins to visibly decline. Climate change disturbs agricultural production, and negligence of inner regions of the Chinese empire lead many conservative Confucianists to support a less trade-oriented policy. Corruption and increased negative interactions with foreigners increase this mentality.
1488: The Imperial Court of Japan, albeit influenced heavily by samurai and aristocratic families such as the Takeda clan and others, marks the start of the imperial Kaihen period (改変). A form of State Shinto is implemented to unite the country after years of civil war.
1489: Kaifeng Jews migrate from inner China to coastal cities such as Shanghai, Yangzhou, and Zaiton due to a disastrous flood. The Emperor employs them in trade and decorates porcelain in the script of the Judeo-Persian language.
1490: The Liao Empire enters a succession dispute between Prince Zewu and Prince Yilie, igniting the Second Liao Civil War. In the same year, people witnessing the Qingyang event interpreted it as a sign of the imbalance of yin and yang, signaling a time of chaos. This foretelling accuracy years later popularizes elements of Chinese astrology throughout the Eastern world.
1491: Agrarian and pro-shogunate populations participate in the Suo Revolt led by the Ouchi clan, supported by Chinese and Korean clans. This revolt weakens the central government but provides an incentive to strategically direct public opinion against Korea and China.
1492: Prince Yilie, backed by Manchurian Korean and Jalair Mongol nobility, looses the contest for the throne. As a consequence, he launches the Xijin Fu Campaign - a raid on the northern lands of the Zhou dynasty.
1494: In East Hebei, a warlord and noble of Hui-Han origin, Shi Jiezhi (施杰志), subdues large swathes of northern China and pushes Prince Yilie's forces to the Luan River. He gains the support of several low-ranking Han Chinese and Muslim clans.
1495: Liao faces imminent collapse, with most of the Yarud dynasty being subject to execution or exile. Many of their closest allies in the Oirat clans are forced to go further west. Prince Zewu flees with a horde of 5,000 west, but himself dies of a wound days later. The Joseon dynasty of Korea, Jalair Mongols, Mojie, and others take part in the dissolution of the Liao. Several smaller khanates appear.
1496: The Emperor of the Zhang clan is forced to award the title Prince of Xing to Shi Jiezhi as per the shanrang system. However, resistance from the Zhou court leads China to be diplomatically split and dangerous, starting the Zhou-Xing Transition.

In West Asia and Africa...​

1414 - 1490​

1414: The Zayyanids ally with the Iberians and the Granadines. They successfully revolt from Marinid rule and re-establish their independence. Meanwhile, the former vizier of Morocco, Al Wattasi, proclaims the Wattasid dynasty and ascends as Yahya I of Morocco, ruling from Marrakesh.
1417: Caliph Al Mutadid II of Baghdad officially recognizes the Wattasid dynasty and calls for a jihad against the Hispanic presence in North Africa.
1429: During the Zayyanid Civil War, France-Aragon sieges and captures Algiers in the Capture of Algiers.
1430: The Mutapa Empire is founded, toppling Great Zimbabwe.
1434: Sultan Suleyman II of Egypt invades Candia with support from the Turks and the Caliph as a response to the Franco-Aragonese capture of Algiers and the Iberian domination of Morocco. They hold the capital of Chandax and deal great damage to the Venetian navy.
1441: Emperor Zara Yaqob of Ethiopia establishes ties with the Papacy through a delegation.
1443: The monarch of France-Aragon sends a workforce to Ethiopia, at the request of the Emperor, to construct a Western style monastery as a commemoration of Christian unity. The Prester John legend is amplified.
1451: With the death of Caliph Al Mustakfi II, the Sixth Fitna, also known as the Baghdad Fitna, begins. The conflict emerged as a succession dispute between Al Qaim and Al Mutawakkil II. Several Islamic leaders support either contender based on their national interests.
1453: The Sixth Fitna ends with the Council of Kufa, where Al Mutawakkil II implements the Taghribirdi system. The Caliphate would become an elective position, while a nominal head of state, the Grand Sharif, would be of the hereditary Abbasid dynasty.
1483: Stephen Ahmad Hersekoglu marries with the only child of the Karasid Margrave of Mysia, Dilruba Hatun. He contends with Isa Bey for the title of Bey of Karasi, in which he succeeds. He begins to build up power in the region as well as build ties with his family in Europe.
1485: The Abbasids draft plans for the restoration of the Nahrawan Canal, or a new similar canal. A delegation is sent to northern China, where a request would be made for hydraulic engineers who worked on the Grand Canal.
1487: Mahmud II of Mali recieves a delegation from Hispania. The Iberians and the Keita dynasty begin to formulate an alliance as West Africa rapidly changes. Manuel II of Hispania commissions the translation of Bible chapters into Mandinka for evangelization.

​

1489: Vasco de Gama visits the Kingdom of Kongo, the first European to visit the kingdom officially.
1490: Pedro de Covilha leads the first European delegation to Ethiopia. Emperor Alexander does not permit de Covilha himself to leave Ethiopia, but instead just his subordinate, in order for the "King of Hispania to know that Prester John is indeed Alexander". Instead, he orders him to begin the compilation of a book concerning European Christianity and military tactics, called the Hispania Tsihufi.

The Late Medieval Period ends...​

c. 1500​

​

The Late Medieval Period covers Afro-Eurasian history from 1150 to 1500, a span of 350 years. It is characterized by an era of increased trade, scientific progress, and globalization. Modern cultures, nations, and ideologies began to take shape and root themselves in certain regions.

Increased foreign contact accepted by the Islamic World leads to many achievements alongside China and Western Europe, albeit separately. The Abbasid Caliphate solidifies its position as the highest nominal Islamic authority based in Baghdad, and the Papacy endures brutal politcial games between major European powers. This perpetual stability compounded by moments of war that prevent overwhelming stagnation triggers a Renaissance around 1300, shortly followed by catastrophes such as the Black Death. Unification of several states also took place during this period, including the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Hispanic Empire, the Union of France-Aragon, China proper, Malacca, Kongo, and Christian Ethiopia. On the Steppe, the decline of traditional horseback empires in favor of Sincized, Christianized, or Islamicized semi-nomadic states form a natural boundary of the civilized world.

However, the Late Medieval Period certainly blends into the Gunpowder Age and the Age of Exploration. Many developments continue to build the foundation for later events and the progression of society.

Go to the Age of Exploration...


​

 

[akramos2012]

Interesting chapter