TL-191: After the End

Did he attempt to write/publish a creative work of his own, or was he primarily focused on academic works?

Similarly, was he influential on popular culture in any way? (I'm thinking in similar capacity to OTL Joseph Campbell.)

Julius Oppenheimer, in spite of some early literary ambitions, never found success as a published author. He also wasn’t influential on wider popular culture, though several future famous fiction writers studied under him at Stanford’s Advanced Center for Literature and Creative Writing in the 1950s and early 1960s.
 
is there an analogue to the armenia azerbaijan war/nagorno karabakh conflict in TTL?

There isn’t really a close analogue in TTL to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict from our world. By 2024, the entire region is controlled by Azerbaijan.

Armenia, with support from the Russian Republic and Persia, did not regain its independence until the early 2010s, after the beginning of the Ottoman Dissolution.
 
What was the 1990s were like In Russia? especially when it compared to OTL with the massive corruption, numerous mafia gangs, and massive wars across Russia

What caused Russian renaissance, what was about it and how that affects Russian culture?

The Russian Republic experienced economic problems during the early 1990s because of the effects of the Tech Recession. This economic recession, which also affected other nations in the early 1990s, was not nearly as bad as the economic problems that manifested after the collapse of the USSR in our world.

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For my reply on the Russian Renaissance, I’m including text from the timeline itself, which has been edited.

The Russian Renaissance refers to a long period of cultural output in the Russian Republic, which began in the early 1970s and lasted until the beginning of the Great Housing Crash in the late 2010s. There were several distinct waves of the Russian Renaissance, which were shaped by the different factors.

The First Wave of the Russian Renaissance began with the publication of Sergei Derzhavin’s novel Sunrise in 1971. A veteran of the Fourth Pacific War, Derzhavin’s novel followed the adventures of a quad of soldiers fighting against the Japanese in both Siberia and Manchuria. Something of a black comedy, the novel was an instant bestseller in Russia, and later becomes popular in both Germany and the United States as well.

Derzhavin’s work, the first of a trilogy of war novels, followed by Sunset in 1977 and Moonrise in 1984, was later seen by many observers and cultural historians as the catalyst of the First Wave of the “Russian Renaissance,” a time of unprecedented artistic, cinematic, and literary output that establishes the Russian Republic as one of the world’s major cultural centers. Lasting, in various waves, well into the 21st Century, the Russian Renaissance was marked by what the Russian historian Alexander Zarubin called, in his 1989 book For Our World, “…a time of coming to terms with the past, and a time of celebrating life.”

Other famous works stemming from the Russian Renaissance included poet Galina Illyina’s major collections, which were published in 1974, 1979, 1982, 1984, 1992, 2001, and 2009, the “Magic Fantasy” operas of Artur Samoylov and Natasha Ivanova, and the explosion of science fiction inspired by the continuing global Space Chase throughout the 1970s and beyond. Russian music also gains a new global audience during this period of ferment, especially the “New Classical” compositions of Florentina Kharlamova, Vitaly Petrov, and Antonina Sidorova, among others.

Perhaps the most famous Russian film to emerge from the Russian Renaissance’s First Wave was director Vladimir Yurkov’s 1976 science fiction epic Mother Earths, a story that was told from multiple points of view, and set in the far future on a world colonized both by humans and a race of intelligent bear-like aliens.

The Second Wave of the Russian Renaissance began in 1985 after the end of the Russo-Kazakh War, and was later viewed by most historians as lasting until the beginning of 2001.

This was a period that was marked by the increased popularity of historical novels, the most famous of which was Sergei Derzhavin’s Alexander Nevsky cycle, a quintet of novels that were published in 1987, 1992, 1997, and 2001 respectively, detailing the life and times of the medieval Russian hero, and ultimately of his triumph in the Battle of the Ice.

The Second Wave of the Russian Renaissance was also marked by an unexpected surge in popularity of the Russian Orthodox Church, which was discredited in the aftermath of the Second Russian Revolution by its close associations with the former Tsarist regime. No longer encumbered as an unofficial agent of the Russian government, the Church’s revival, which was centered around the construction of lavish new churches and cathedrals, massive “revivalist” meetings held around the country, the rise of a new generation of charismatic, community-centered priests—comes to be known as the Rassvet (“Dawn”) in the Republic. The leaders of this religious revival, most notably Patriarch Sergius of Moscow, became notable for using television as a medium to attract new adherents to the Church.

Patriarch Sergius also approved the creation of the Renewal Party, which entered the Duma in the 1989 Russian elections.

The Second Wave of the Russian Renaissance was also shaped by an increased popularity among the general public of utopian fiction, which was influenced in the 1990s, and into the 2000s and 2010s, by both religious ideas and the ideological beliefs of the Russian Wing of the wider Ecological movement.

Throughout the Second Wave, Russia’s comic operas remained very popular. During this time period, Russian composers begin producing their own Space Operas, to cash in on the popular tours of the Austro-Hungarian productions that were been held throughout the country since the early 1980s. The Space Operas produced in the Russian Republic during the 1980s and 1990s drew from earlier forms of comedic and fantasy operas that were popular in Russia in earlier decades.

The Second Wave of the Russian Renaissance also coincided with the emergence of the musical genre known as Fabrika-Punk in the mid-1990s.
Fabrika-Punk was inspired both by traditional Russian folk music, as well as by popular foreign influences such as Bossa nova, and Hollywood Stomp. Many Fabrika-Punk bands and aficionados dressed in retro-styles from the Second Great War or Second Russian Revolution periods, giving the genre what someone from our world would recognize as a dieselpunk aesthetic.

Fabrika-Punk’s popularity in Russia clashed uneasily with the religious revival of the Rassvet. The leaders of the Russian Orthodox Church condemned led Fabrika-Punk for supposedly going against religion, while the behavior of many of the devotees of Fabrika-Punk was conducted with the deliberate aim of provoking a reaction from religious Russians, or else their elders.

Fabrika-Punk gradually gained in worldwide popularity, although was until the 2000s that this music inspired widespread devotion, in Brazil, the member states of the European Community, and the United States. Cultural historians also generally lumped Fabrika-Punk in with the wider Staccato subculture that was present in different nations in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s.

The Third Wave of the Russian Renaissance would later be considered by historians to have begun in April 2001 with the publication of Vasily Bunin’s novel Cavalry to the Stars. Bunin’s story, which took place on a distant planet contested in a multi-sided struggle for domination by feuding Earth-based mega-corporations and the indigenous alien population, effectively invented the genre of Science Fantasy. Science Fantasy quickly came to dominate the commercial book market in the Russian Republic, and spread in popularity throughout the world during the 2000s and 2010s.

Many science fantasy works inspired by Bunin’s novel were adopted into ballets. Ruslan Pirogov’s Petrograd Ballet staged some of the most spectacular science fantasy-inspired productions in the 2000s and 2010s. Pirogov’s dancers were particular popular throughout Bharat, Brazil, China, the European Community, and the United States.

Another trend in the Russian Renaissance’s Third Wave was that it was more outward looking than the previous two cultural waves. Aside from the international popularity of Fabrika-Punk, it was durinv the 2000s that many modern Russian literary works from the First Wave of the Russian Renaissance were finally translated and published abroad. The Russian Orthodox Church also began to fund overseas missionaries, under the influence of the fervor from the Rassvet. Most of this activity was directed towards the German Empire, or else Russia’s PESA allies, the Chinese Republic and the United States.

Russian culture was roiled throughout the 2000s and 2010s by widespread social conflict between those who have become caught up in the religious fervor of the Rassvet and the youthful participants in the Fabrika-Punk subculture. This cultural and social conflict in Russia was heightened further in the late 2000s and throughout the 2010s by the influence from abroad of the music and partying styles associated with Ios Sound.

Another major facet of the Russian Renaissance’s Third Wave was a sudden surge in worldwide popularity for Russian Fabrika-Punk bands. During the 2000s, many Russian Fabrika-Punk groups finally achieved break-out success in the massive Brazilian and US markets. Notable Fabrika-Punk bands during the 2000s and well into the 2010s included Cowshed, Envy, Locomotor Nihilist, The Plastic Barrels, and Red Noon. In both Brazil and the United States, this surge in popularity of Fabrika-Punk became known as the “Russian Invasion.”

Alongside the bands of the Russian Invasion, there were numerous other Fabrika-Punk influenced bands from the Austria-Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria, and Ukraine that began to play the Brazilian and US circuits. Perhaps the best remembered of this set of bands was Kire Risto’s Austro-Hungarian band Bijav.

The Third Wave of the Russian Renaissance did not come to an end until the advent of the Great Housing Crash in the fall of 2019.
 
Hey David,
Quick question, how much territory did Virginia loose to West Virginia after the Second Great War?
The interwar maps in the books show a very rough sketch that roughly corresponds to Fredrick, Clarke, Loudon and Fairfax counties (including Alexandria), in addition to the Delmarva peninsula going to Maryland. This makes sense as it would create a military frontier / buffer between the CSA and Washington. However did Virginia loose additional territory post SGW? I reckon WV could have gained the entirety of the Shenandoah Valley and perhaps Manassas County as well? EDIT: I guess in the most extreme case it could be everynthing north of the Rappahannock River ?
 
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Hey David,
Quick question, how much territory did Virginia loose to West Virginia after the Second Great War?
The interwar maps in the books show a very rough sketch that roughly corresponds to Fredrick, Clarke, Loudon and Fairfax counties (including Alexandria), in addition to the Delmarva peninsula going to Maryland. This makes sense as it would create a military frontier / buffer between the CSA and Washington. However did Virginia loose additional territory post SGW? I reckon WV could have gained the entirety of the Shenandoah Valley and perhaps Manassas County as well? EDIT: I guess in the most extreme case it could be everynthing north of the Rappahannock River ?

From what I understand of the series, though I might be mistaken, all territory north of the Rappahannock River was annexed to West Virginia after the end of the First Great War.

After the end of the Second Great War, there were proposals to transfer some regions of Virginia to West Virginia, including the Shenandoah Valley. However, these proposals ultimately weren’t adopted, in part because the state governments of West Virginia in the late 1940s and late 1950s did not want to be responsible for rebuilding regions in neighboring Virginia that had been devastated during the Second Great War.
 
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What is the population of Armenia? How is the country doing as of 2024 since the Armenian genocide appears to have been even worse in TL-191?

By 2024, there are almost two million people in the Republic of Armenia, who are mostly descended from immigrants drawn from the Armenian communities of the Russian Republic and Persia. Armenia is a Russian military protectorate, and is a member of the Russian-led Council of Astrakhan.

Armenia is a very militarized society, and has an austere economy.
 
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also regarding the south caucasus region, how did iran lose territory to azerbaijan?

During the late 2020 and early 2030s, there was a large war between Persia and Azerbaijan, over the status of the Azeris who lived in the northwestern regions of Persia. Azerbaijan was allied with Kurdistan during this war, and both nations were supported by Bharat, which also supported the territorial claims against Persia by the Republic of Balochistan.
 
What kind of relations Zion has with its own Arabs and neighboring Arab nations?

By 2024, Sunni Muslims, along with the Christian and Druze communities, have legal equality as citizens of the Commonwealth of Zion.

The Commonwealth of Zion did not normalize diplomatic relations with most independent Arab nations until well after the end of the Ottoman Dissolution in the 2030s, though this was not a quick process. For example, the Kingdom of Egypt did not normalize diplomatic relations with Zion until the early 2070s.

By 2162, some independent Arab nations still did not have normalized diplomatic ties with the Commonwealth of Zion. The Emirate of Ramadi was the largest post-Ottoman nation in the Middle East that refused to recognize the independence of Zion, though the Emirate of Ramadi did not recognize the independence and legitimacy of any of the successor states to the former Ottoman Empire.
 
From what I understand of the series, though I might be mistaken, all territory north of the Rappahannock River was annexed to West Virginia after the end of the First Great War. After the end of the Second Great War,

After the end of the Second Great War, there were proposals to transfer some regions of Virginia to West Virginia, including the Shenandoah Valley. However, these proposals ultimately weren’t adopted, in part because the state governments of West Virginia in the late 1940s and late 1950s did not want to be responsible for rebuilding regions in neighboring Virginia that had been devastated during the Second Great War.

Noted. the sketches in the books are nit very clear, but the Rappahannock River border makes sense in order to create a military frontier of sorts post FGW.

What is most ironic is that - even without the Shenandoah Valley and the Alexandria/Arlington corner - “the New Counties” will likely end up having the bulk of West Virginias economy and population.
In OTL, the corresponding counties have about 2.8 million inhabitants to WV 1.8 million. Granted this territory would have likely been greatly depopulated post FGW and its growth would have been much slower than in OTL in the latter half of the 20th century - as a lot of government ministries would already be located elsewhere. But even if you keep it at a third of OTL’s population ~900,000 approx. It would stil correspond to 1/3 of TTL’s West Virginia’s population in 2024. This would ultimately affect WV development, politics, and trajectory enormously. I can see some crazy infrastructure projects being sponsored by the state to link up Charleston and Wheeling to Washington and Chesapeake Bay.
 
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I would be very interested in reading a biography of your character, Dr Lucas Braga, and also of Matthias Erzberger, who headed the German peace delegation in 1918.

I don't suppose you can manage a complete list of German heads of state and Government in this TL, can you?
 
Noted. the sketches in the books are nit very clear, but the Rappahannock River border makes sense in order to create a military frontier of sorts post FGW.

What is most ironic is that - even without the Shenandoah Valley and the Alexandria/Arlington corner - “the New Counties” will likely end up having the bulk of West Virginias economy and population.
In OTL, the corresponding counties have about 2.8 million inhabitants to WV 1.8 million. Granted this territory would have likely been greatly depopulated post FGW and its growth would have been much slower than in OTL in the latter half of the 20th century - as a lot of government ministries would already be located elsewhere. But even if you keep it at a third of OTL’s population ~900,000 approx. It would stil correspond to 1/3 of TTL’s West Virginia’s population in 2024. This would ultimately affect WV development, politics, and trajectory enormously. I can see some crazy infrastructure projects being sponsored by the state to link up Charleston and Wheeling to Washington and Chesapeake Bay.

I agree with you on the effects of West Virginia’s new borders on the state. The proximity of Washington to the easternmost regions of West Virginia would also affect the economy and culture of the state.

In general, it’s interesting to imagine how different regions and cities of the United States would be in terms of their economies, societies, infrastructure compared to our world.
 
I agree with you on the effects of West Virginia’s new borders on the state. The proximity of Washington to the easternmost regions of West Virginia would also affect the economy and culture of the state.

In general, it’s interesting to imagine how different regions and cities of the United States would be in terms of their economies, societies, infrastructure compared to our world.

That is what prompted my original question. I’ve been going back to my post on the southern states, which probably look very “3rd world” from our perspective.

West Virginia is a relatively unique case in TTL as it is likely on of the few states that is actually more prosperous in TTL than OTL.
 
I would be very interested in reading a biography of your character, Dr Lucas Braga, and also of Matthias Erzberger, who headed the German peace delegation in 1918.

I don't suppose you can manage a complete list of German heads of state and Government in this TL, can you?

Lucas Braga was born in Curitiba in the Empire of Brazil in 1924. Braga, from an early age, developed a strong interest in science and the natural world. He was academically gifted, and eventually studied biology and zoology at the Imperial University of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro. In 1955, Braga was accepted into an doctoral program in zoology offered by the University of Hiedelberg, which resulted in five years of study in the German Empire. Among the formative experiences for Braga during his doctoral program were overseas field trips to the Congo rainforest and the Serengeti. Braga returned to the Empire of Brazil in 1960, where he began teaching zoology at the Imperial University of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro.

Braga’s specific areas of expertise included a strong knowledge of the flora and fauna of tropical ecosystems and the Amazon Rainforest. Even before leaving for the German Empire, Braga was disturbed by the deforestation of the Amazon that accompanied the economic growth of the Empire of Brazil during the Second Great War, as well as the first generation after the end of the war. In 1966, Braga completed and published a book, Noah’s Tears, which documented the impact of development on the Amazon Rainforest, and warned of the potential consequences of habitat loss and pollution in other areas of the world. Noah’s Tears would become one of the most influential science and environmentalist works of the 20th Century.

Encouraged by the success of Noah’s Tears, Braga, along with like-minded scientists from different nations, founded the International Habitat Protection Agency (IHPA) in 1968. The IHPA was initially focused on protecting the Amazon Rainforest and similar habitats from deforestation, but would later efforts to protect other kinds of habitats and vulnerable species. Braga, during his time as the leader of the IHPA, began to consider involvement in Brazilian politics.

Braga, during his years of academic study and involvement with the IHPA, gradually developed a political worldview that would later be described as Ecoism. Braga believed that human civilization needed to be adapted to fit the natural world, without causing any of the effects on the natural world that he saw from development in Brazil and in other nations. In 1975, Braga announced the establishment of the Ecological Party, though it would not be until the early 1980s when the Ecological Party began to achieve significant results in Brazilian elections.

The Ecological Party drew its initial strength in Brazil from a middle class voters dissatisfied with the established Brazilian political parties. Braga, who proved to be both charismatic and a gifted organizer, also promoted the Ecological Party as a way to combat against political corruption in Brazil, as well as to improve public health services. While Braga was never elected as prime minister, the Ecological Party became influential enough to cooperate with the more established parties in different Brazilian governments in the late 20th Century.

Braga also became the single most influential leader of what became the international Ecological, or Ecoist, movement, as various political parties modeled after the Ecological Party of Brazil were founded in different nations. However, Braga was increasingly challenged as leader of the international Ecological movement in the 1990s and 2000s by the Ecological Party of Russia and its leader, Serafima Orlova. Braga sharply disagreed with several of the ideas that were popular among Russian Ecoist activists, especially its utopian ideology rooted in ideas such as rewilding. These ideological disagreements between Braga and Orlova came into the open in response to the publication in 2000 of the article On Restoration by two Russian scientists supportive of the Ecological Party of Russia, which forcefully argued for rewilding and restoring the natural world to be the primary goal of the international Ecological movement, instead of the long-standing calls by Braga and others like him to primarily focus attention on the needs of human civilization. The publication of this article, and the increasingly bitter arguments between Braga and Orlova, would lead to an ideological split within the international Ecological movement between its Brazilian Wing and its Russian Wing, with different national Ecological parties articulating the policies and philosophies advocated either by Lucas Braga or Serafima Orlova.

Lucas Braga passed away in 2010.
 
Could you do a biography of Matthias Erzberger, who led the German peace delegation in 1918 in OTL, as well as General Erich Ludendorff, one of the most successful German Commanders in the First World War in our timeline?
 
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