I need a fix 'cause I'm going down
1968/1969
In between the releases of the band's ninth and tenth albums, respectively, a rather worrying schism was developing in one band member's personal life.
above: John and Julian, 1968
Their marriage had always been rocky, sure, maybe even broken at times, but divorce was something that didn't come to the mind of Cynthia or John up until the latter found himself in a possible tug of war between two American women in the arts scene. For years, Cynthia had grown suspicious of her husband's penchant for sleeping around, and the vacancy caused by his absence of interests quickly turned to resentment. When her lawyers presented him with severance papers, Lennon didn't even know to care, seeing as he was still mentally negotiating if it was worth cutting ties with Yoko Ono and going after Elaine Brown. John Winston Lennon and Cynthia Lillian Powell were officially divorced on November 8th, 1968. Ever the showman, a gallows humour Lennon told a gathering crowd of press outside the courtroom that the split was caused by “incorrigible musical differences”.
Out of good faith, McCartney found himself driving out to Weybridge to check in with Cynthia and Julian. It was during this long car ride, of which he usually spent singing out lyrics to see what stuck, he conceived the mainstay hit of the late sixties.
Paul McCartney: "
I thought, as a friend of the family, I would motor out there and tell them that everything was all right: to try and cheer them up, basically, and see how they were. I had about an hour's drive. I would always turn the radio off and try and make up songs, just in case... I started singing: 'Hey Jules – don't make it bad, take a sad song, and make it better...' It was optimistic, a hopeful message for Julian: 'Come on, man, your parents got divorced. I know you're not happy, but you'll be OK.' I knew it was not going to be easy for him. I always feel sorry for kids in divorces..."
McCartney began fleshing out his new single upon his return to Abbey Road, changing 'Jules' to 'Jude', spending two days filling out the finer bits as he showed it off to visiting artists, which included The Barron Knights and Badfinger, of whom he was helping produce their next album.
above: McCartney plays piano and records vocals, 1969
Unintentionally, McCartney had been sharing the song with everyone but his actual bandmates. When he finally played his newest rendition to Lennon, Harrison and Starr during rehearsal, the result was not the expected one. Halfway through, Lennon shot up and stormed out, slamming the studio door behind him, leaving the three a bit bewildered.
John Lennon: "
He said it was written about Julian. He knew I was splitting with Cyn and leaving Julian. He was driving over to say hi to Julian. He'd been like an uncle to him. You know, Paul was always good with kids. And so he came up with Hey Jude. But I always heard it as a song to me. He's saying, 'Hey, Jude – hey, John.' I know I'm sounding like one of those fans who reads things into it, but you can hear it as a song to me. The words 'go out and get her' – subconsciously he was saying, Go ahead, leave me. On a conscious level, he didn't want me to go ahead."
While Lennon fumed, opting not to return to the studio for a long while until he resolved his personal conflicts, tensions continued to rise. During the rehearsals that followed the earlier departure. Harrison and McCartney had a handful of verbal disagreements over the lead guitar part for the song. Harrison's idea was to play a guitar phrase as a response to each line of the vocal, which wasn't at all what McCartney had in mind. This simple argument over song structure quickly evolved into Harrison was allowed little room to develop ideas on Lennon/McCartney compositions, then on how Harrison had been kept down by the other two when it came to album features, having to fight hard to get more than his standard two tracks. Harrison turned out to be the second member to storm out of sessions that week, letting lose a particularly bitter accusation before packing up and heading out; "
Since when are you going to tell me what to play? I'm in The Beatles too, Paulie. You're oblivious to anyone else's feelings in the studio. You're not in charge here. We already got a new manager, and he isn't you."
With things already on a knife's edge in the studio, it wasn't long until Starr followed his former bandmates in order to get away from the increasingly domineering McCartney.
Ken Scott (studio engineer): "
I remember Ringo being uptight about something, I don't remember what, and the next thing I was told was that he'd quit the band. But work continued."
Ringo Starr: "
I left because I felt two things: I felt I wasn't playing great, and I also felt that the other three were miserable. I went to see John, who had been living in my apartment in Montagu Square with Yoko since he moved out of Kenwood. I said, 'I'm leaving the group because I'm not playing well and I feel unloved and out of it.' And John said, 'I thought it was just me!'"
Thusly, "Hey Jude" could be considered the first almost entirely McCartney single, discounting the splicing of earlier instrumental takes.
above: cover art used for the American release of “Hey Jude/Revolution” single
"Hey Jude" came prepackaged with "Revolution", Lennon's opener to their 1968 album of the same name, as the B-Side. Lennon would later claim that this offended him greatly, viewing the ordering as the relegation of his politically-charged composition to a second act. But at the time, he was rather preoccupied, deciding to make enough of a move on the two possible new interests, seeing as how he was a freed man. However, that would turn out to not be so simple.
Ono, despite admitting that the affection was mutual, was preoccupied with the legal battle concerning her daughter Kyoko, as well as an extended sabbatical to New York City. She had no time for fighting for custody of her child, a busy art career and a divorced musician all at once. When Ono left London for New York, she also left Lennon's life, for the time being.
above: Elaine Brown, pictured with Huey Newton, 1970
Brown, in Lennon's absence, had met a fellow Californian called Jay Richard Kennedy, who worked as a fiction writer and an 'amatuer psychatrist'. During that time, she had been introduced to the radical ideas that would later drive her to join the Black Panther Party in a years time. Not to mention, now that she was painfully aware of things like gender and race dichotomy, she denounced Lennon as a poster child for 'rich white entitlement', nevermind the fact that she was already in a relationship to begin with. She too turned him down and returned to America. Both rejections, coupled with the pressures of the divorce and the demands of the record label left Lennon shattered.
above: Lennon in the studio, 1968
Lennon: “
I liked Yoko, I maybe even loved her. But I was liking Elaine a whole lot, too. It was something about those New York women. It was all too much for me to take, with my marriage going to tatters and the label wanting me to balance things on my nose to try and drum up more attention. I just crashed.”
A week after the release of "Junk", Lennon was found unconscious by his cleaning lady, alone in the London apartment he had been renting from Ringo, slumped on the floor, having overdosed on Heroin. He was later successfully revived by doctors at London Bridge Hospital, but for almost a solid half hour, the world almost lost the first-mentioned Beatle for good. After his recovery, Lennon would often credit the experience as the inspiration for his own single, "Cold Turkey".