MotF 182: Deuxième Belle Époque

MotF 182: Deuxième Belle Époque
The Challenge

Make a map depicting all or part of Europe in 1944, thirty years after the Black Hand failed to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
The Restrictions
For this round, the POD of your map must be in 1914, and the year depicted in the map must be 1944. Fantasy and science fiction maps are permitted as long as they meet all other requirements.

If you're not sure whether your idea meets the criteria of this challenge, please feel free to PM me or comment in the main thread.​
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Entries will end for this round when the voting thread is posted on Sunday, August 19th, 2018.
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PLEASE KEEP ALL DISCUSSION ON THE CONTEST OR ITS ENTRIES TO THE MAIN THREAD.
Any discussion must take place in the main thread. If you post anything other than a map entry (or a description accompanying a map entry) in this thread then you will be asked to delete the post.
 
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With the failed assassination of Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Austrian militarism seemed to rev into a higher gear. Holding Serbia responsible for the attempt, if nothing else, and already looking for an excuse, Austria-Hungary attempted to send an ultimatum to Serbia, but in a surprising turn of events, the Hungarians disagreed. What followed was three months of crisis, and by the end of it, Austria-Hungary lay shattered in pieces, but peace seemed to reign.

That is, until March 1915. Tensions in Germany, heightened by Kaiser Wilhelm's repeated insistence on an aggressive policy against the British, resulted in an attempted German takeover of the island of Zanzibar off the coast of Africa. While the attempt was unsuccessful, Europe went into full crisis mode. the new states of Central Europe avowed their neutrality, and France came to the British side. When Germany refused to budge from its position, believing itself in the right, the month of April opened up with war.

The war would last a total of 5 years, and be fought mostly in Africa and the Franco-German border. The Schlieffen Plan, initially devised for such a war, was quietly discarded by a general staff unsure of making their situation worse, and instead, the war stalemated in Alsace-Lorraine. However, from a naval perspective, the Germans found themselves outmatched against the combined Franco-British fleet at Jutland, and soon a naval blockade against Germany made the situation increasingly tenuous.

By the time 1920 had come, Germany was looking much worse for wear than before. The regions of Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden and even the Prussian province of Hohenzollern had seceded from the Empire and signed a separate, critical peace - effectively stripping them of the ability to raise armies and expand their industry further. The rest of Germany attempted to hold on, but a French push into the Rhineland had succeeded, and on the 2nd of September 1920, the guns fell silent, and Germany capitulated immediately.

The Peace deal saw two angry powers seeking to punish one who had overstepped all boundaries. Five horrific years had been spent, all because of an island in Africa; advances in gas warfare, biological warfare and conventional weaponry had skyrocketed over civilian life in three countries, and most indignantly, German leadership was still attempting to negotiate from a position of non-existent superiority. The results were clear - Outside of a few key regions, Germany was to be fully dismantled and forced to pay significant reparations.

The results were not immediate at first - the remnant of Germany was filled with gangs of unemployed youths seeking to take over the government but most of all fight each other, some of them using military training to this effect. When Wilhelm II abdicated, things were assumed to get better in the country - but the assassination of Wilhelm III and subsequent takeover by the government by Otto von Below left the German state weak and, yet again, in crisis. Several of the states created in the wake of 1920 were able to expand, and by 1925, Poland - newly independent following the Alexine reforms in the Russian Empire - took the province of Posen.

By 1930, Germany had settled into various infighting factions, each fighting for some vague promise that usually culminated in "more power for one man." The situation seemed to stabilize eventually, but by 1944, the German annexation of Pomerania would result in yet another massive war breaking out, this time lasting for 16 years, drawing in nations from all around the fragile country. This civil war would not end until the eventual coalition established between the Bavarian and Rhenish republics pushed into Berlin and Germany was reunited in 1960. Germany remains a poor state, barely having recovered from its near destruction - and by 2000, its GDP remains comparable to that of Pakistan or Dravidia, although European Economic Commonwealth aid is starting to help boost the country's economy.

In 2004, a game would be created based upon the 16 year war by a small Danish company. Although popular within its niche, it never managed to grow far beyond it. In 2011, an updated rerelease would be created for online distributors, including several downloadable content packs adding interventionist nations into the game. This map, the country select screen from the game, roughly shows the situation in Germany in January 1944, seven months before the Pomeranian annexation.
 
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In 1944 the Leithanian Republics had good reason to feel optimistic. Only the previous year Riccardo Coen had said that the young country had finally found “the sure footing to match its visionary foundation”. It was one of many nations experiencing what is now termed the Long European Summer, a period of economic prosperity and stable international relations. In Leithania’s case this had come through recovery from the Austro-Hungarian Revolution’s collateral damage and strategic partnerships with other democratic governments in Europe. After the 1938 sale of Galicia to Ukraine the nation no longer had any major territorial disputes, and this had opened the door to closer ties with Russia. For the first time in their declared existence the Leithanian Republics were no longer focused on cleaning up the mistakes of the Habsburgs.

The mistakes of the Hohenzollerns, however, were another matter entirely. By March 1944 it was increasingly clear that matters in the creaking German Empire were coming to a head, with newly emboldened democrats coming out of hiding to protest in ever-increasing numbers. The nationalist government of Emperor Oskar had convinced him that the Empire’s shying away from war in the 1910s had led to the Revolution of 1921, and that only a general war would stop a second. Renewed democratic protests only fuelled Oskar’s resolve. The Ottoman Empire joined in secret treaties to reacquire its territorial losses in the Balkans, and likewise Romania in order to receive the rest of Transylvania and Banat. There was no presumption that any would defend Leithania directly save Russia, Ukraine. It was deemed that the casus belli would be the liberation of ethnic Germans from foreign oppression, a cause popular with many Germans and not without supporters abroad. The nation with the greatest number of ‘orphaned’ Germans was, of course, Leithania.

The Imperial war machine began to mobilise on the 4th June 1944, but the rest of Europe believed this was to be directed at the democrats of Germany, which was received with dismay but not surprise. Protests were lodged by a host of nations, and further economic sanctions announced by the League of Europe. It was not until late June that rumours began to circulate that the German Empire was planning on going to war, and at that point a general panic set in across Europe. International observers became increasingly convinced that the German Empire was going to target its aggression at the Great Experiment. A series of terrorist incidents involving irredentists in Leithania only confirmed this idea; the German Empire loudly defended the patriotism of their fellow Germans suffering at the hands of foreign oppressors, without ever acknowledging the violent acts they had committed, ranging from arson to attempted bombings. Soon they began to claim that the Germans of Austria were clamouring for freedom, and that Germany could no longer stand by while so many fellow German suffered under the rule of lowly peoples. On the 5th July Russia publicly reaffirmed its commitment to defend Leithania from any aggressors, but this did not deter the Imperial government at all; if the Slavs wanted to offer themselves up for conquest, so much the better.

A growing sense of menace thus brought a chill over the Long Summer, and the Leithanian Republics prepared themselves for war, a trouble not known in that part of the world the past nineteen years. But though many feared the violence to come few baulked at the idea of defending the Great Experiment from Imperial Germany. The domains of the Hohenzollerns had been held as the opposite of liberal, multicultural, forward-thinking Leithania for many years, and now it seemed the Emperor had come to destroy the country they had laboured so long to raise up. Though there were German irredentists in the Republics they remained a minority, one increasingly considered traitors to Leithania as war grew near. The Leithanian Republics would not simply roll over and let nationalists plunder their nation for land, treasure, and Germans. On the 18th July 1944 the German Empire declared war on the Leithanian Republics.

(Edited because deviantART is a butt)
 
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My first entry:)

Map shows Europe in a cold war between the Central Powers (Germany, USA (Austria, not America), Croatia, Hungary, and Turkey) and the Entente (Britain, France, and Russia), locked in cold war and extremely militarised as imperialism never goes out of fashion like in OTL.

Annotations:

Ireland - It is often said by historians that without the introduction of conscription for Irish people by the UK in WW1, a war many in Ireland saw themselves as not responsible for, the Easter Rising may never have happened. Without this, Irish nationalism and Ulster Unionism does not spark between 1916 and 1920, so there is no creation of the Irish Free State. As a result, Ireland as a whole (with Ulster as an autonomous Province) is eventually granted Dominion Status, keeping the British Monarchy and slowly making its way towards full independence.

Britain, France and Russia - WW1 changed the attitudes of many towards Empires. Blatant imperialism and militarism had risen the tensions of Europe until the our timelines assassination of Franz Ferdinand sparked the Great War. Without this grave lesson in history, the Great Empires of the 19th century continue expansion without knowledge of consequences. Britain, France and Russia, still members of the Triple Entente, partake in a naval arms race and now, in 1944, a cold war. With navies and armies primed for war at any time, these nations continue to enclose the Germany, the last remaining Central Power, to resist its rapid militarization and retain influence. Russia, with no war to spark a brewing revolution, retains the much detested Tsar. Although rebellion in Finland has begun to die down, the German-aided Polish rebellion eventually caused a Russian withdrawal from the region. An independent, but German influenced, Poland now remains a buffer state between two superpowers.

Germany and the late Austro-Hungarian Empire
- It was a group of scholars surrounding Franz Ferdinand that proposed the United States of Greater Austria, a federal Austria-Hungary with the purpose of preventing the revolts plaguing the dying empire. With his survival, this plan would be imagined in the late 1910s. The federal union would not last long though. The USGA faced rebellion for most of its 20th century history. By 1930, it was accepted that the state would struggle to stay in one piece. Germany sided with the central government in the Conference of Budapest (1939), which partitioned Greater Austria into 2 new nations, land to Poland and Russia, and devolved regions within the United States of Austria. Europe would scramble for influence over the power vacuum created in the USGAs death, with Germany coming out on top. Croatia, Hungary, and the US of Austria would be new nations within the Central Powers, contributing the growing cold war. The Kingdom of Germany emerged after Liberal reforms within the German Empire in the late 1920s, following the trend of Liberalization hitting France, Britain and Russia. Powers would be granted to the Reichstag, forming a constitutional monarchy. Militarism and conscription would grow the German Kingdom into the superpower of Europe. With no defeat in a war and subsequent treaty, Germany would remain a military and economic powerhouse, growing it's overseas Empire and preparing a population for war with the Entente.

The late Ottoman Empire and the Middle East
- The sick man of Europe remained sick, with or without a war. Before he succumbed to his disease, Turkish revolutionaries hoping to build a Turkish Republic, like in our timeline, stole an Ottoman ship and bombarded Crimea in a false flag attack. The war with the Russian Empire would be short and bloody. With only the Ottoman Empire to focus on, Russia swept through Anatolia with British, French and Italian support. By the end of the war, the Ottoman Empire was devastated. Syke and Picot's dreams would be realized, as the Middle East was partitioned exactly according to their monstrous plan. The only independent nation to emerge, the Republic of Turkey, fell into the Central Powers, desperately clinging to the little land it had left. The Straits would be a Russia's Key to naval influence in the Mediterranean, such as Trieste would be the Central Powers.
 
My first post on the site and it’s a MotF entry!

Talk about throwing yourself in the deep end…

Anyway, here's my awful map:

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The Straits Republic, officially the Free and Independent Republic of the Straits and Marmara and its Territories, was established by the 1926 Treaty of Toulouse as an independent and neutral buffer state to resolve the competing claims over the Ottoman Straits. The new state was a republic, an uncommon form of government in Europe, in order to maintain its neutrality. The Kingdom of Greece, the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Turkish nationalists all wished for control of the strategic Straits region, and each had controlled all or part of the region during the Fourth Balkan War. Eventually, the Republic was established as a compromise state. The Straits Republic was fully democratic, also uncommon in early 20th century Europe, with its constitution establishing the state as a secular and strictly neutral country. Ethnically diverse, the Republic was shared by Orthodox Christian Greeks, Russians and Muslim Turks, as well as smaller groups of Arabs, Bulgarians and Europeans. This caused the Republic to be incredibly unstable, as ethnic nationalists of all three groups felt the land of the Republic fell within their rightful territory. The success of the Turkish War for Independence and the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1932 further fuelled Turkish nationalism. Meanwhile, the significant Greek population of much of the Republic agitated for its inclusion into the Kingdom of Greece. Politics in the republic became increasingly polarised (Source 3.7.2 shows this polarisation in a cartoon from the period). Moderates in the Straits Republic became a minority, and in 1943, the nationalist Turkish Nationalist Party (TUP) gained control of the General Assembly. The TUP promptly initiated many pro-Turkish reforms, crippling the fledgling democracy by arrested prominent Greek nationalists and breaking up protests by force. On 27 April 1944, a referendum was held in the Republic on whether they should join the Turkish Republic. After the prohibition of any opposition campaigning, and the arrest of pro-neutrality leaders, the vote passed by a narrow margin, and the TUP announced that they would submit to the authority of the Turkish Republic. Thus began the Straits Crisis.

1. What was the reasoning behind the creation of the Straits Republic?

2. List two ways the Republic was unique in Europe for its time.

3. Why was the Republic so unstable?

4. Which nationalist party implemented pro-Turkish policies?

5. What event led to the beginning of the Straits Crisis?

6. Using the map at the top of page 67, explain why the Straits Republic was so vulnerable.
 
This ordinary English-language map of the Balkans was recovered from the hotel room of a British national committed to the Klaus Albrecht Sanatorium after attempting to assault a second-rate painter in Munich. The British individual appeared to suffer from a peculiar delusion, believing himself a time-traveler from an alternate time where (former) Archduke Franz Ferdinand died after the Sarajevo Incident some 30 years ago. Oddly enough, the troubled foreigner has since been taken into custody by Abteilung-IV, along with all of his belongings...

The ramblings of a madman or the desperate writings of an accidental time traveler? You decide.

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(low quality)
 
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No WWI means the Ottomans keep puttering on, slowly approaching the German orbit. However, when Germany starts making overt movements towards making the Ottomans a German protectorate, France and Russia wind up starting a war with Germany. This war goes significantly worse for Germany, facing a more modernized Russian army, and not Schlieffen-ing it through Belgium. The German state collapses into socialist revolution, taking much of Austria-Hungary with them. The European International Union is a highly federal beast, with little truly linking every state with one another besides a coherent foreign policy and internal trade scheme. Bosnia, under Union control and not cut off from the Islamic world by the end of the Caliphate, is introduced Islamism in the late 1920s, where it takes off into a more socialist direction. This Islamic socialism catches on in Turkey, and becomes the largest ideological force in European Islam.

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