Iskandar the Great - Acehnese Conquest of Sumatra and Malaya
Siege of Malacca
In 1632, the garrisons of the Portuguese bastion - the A Famosa, witnessed a massive force emerging from the horizon. Marching with an army of 30,000 men accompanied by cannons of both local and foreign origin, the Acehnese and their local auxiliaries prepare to lay siege against the bustling city of Malacca, led by the Sultan of Aceh - Iskandar Muda.
Shocked by their impending attack, they send envoys to call for aid: One from Goa to request a relieving fleet and another to the south to rally their Johorese allies. Under the sultan's foresight, they managed to capture the envoys marching to Johor but failed to intercept the lone carrack sailing to India. Despite the egregious departure, they warned them of burdening siege against Malacca as they landed in exhaustion, pleading the garrisons to assist them with men and ships.
However, the Acehnese were ferocious in their attempt to capture the city. Iskandar Muda, desperate to seize Malacca before the Portuguese fleet arrives, order a massive volley against the fortress shielding the Tranqueira. His artillery managed to completely shatter the eastern side of the fortress, allowing the Acehnese forces to pool through. And despite the sortie from the A Famosa to support the Tranqueira and the massive casualties they've inflicted, none of the garrisons was spared from the onslaught. The initial looting was interrupted by Iskandar's decree to safeguard the city from further harm, only seeking to liberate Malacca from the hold of the infidels.
While the A Famosa poses an imminent threat to his seizure of Malacca, subterfuges seep in as their Malay auxiliaries were too exhausted to fight. Revealing the Acehnese the most vulnerable parts of the bastion and agreeing to open the gates before sunrise, Iskandar Muda sullied his forces for a surprise attack. Slowly infiltrating to the gates, the once-mighty bastion succumbs to a violent exchange.
After years of ambitious planning and zeal, the fall of the bastion has allowed Iskandar to finally claim the city as his own. Too late to relieve the siege and too few to even reclaim Malacca, the Portuguese instead withdrew from the premises. Iskandar Muda offered terms to establish peace between the two powers: Allowing them to cross through the strait in exchange for burdening tribute. A similar gesture made with their Johorese rival as Sultan Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah recognized his suzerainty, but it was short-lived as he begins to conspire against his Acehnese overlords.
Acehnese Consolidation Against Johor-Allies
Excluding the Pattani Sultanate, the Acehnese reigned supreme over all of the subjugated polities in the Malay Peninsula. While Iskandar Muda claimed the surrounding region of Malacca as his own, he delegated the rest of his conquered lands to former sultans as vassals: States that are obligated to send monthly tributes ranging from gold, spice, and tin. He further legitimizes his conquest by declaring himself as Ghazi after he vanquished the Portuguese, consolidating Acehnese suzerainty even further.
But despite his success to establish cordial ties with his subject sultanates, Johor remained disgruntled against Iskandar Muda after he seized Malacca and its surrounding region. Being the direct protegee of the Malacca Sultanate, Sultan Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah conspires with his Pattani ally as they prepare to reclaim the city once lost to the European infidels.
Agreed to meet in the Terengganu River, both sultanates combined their forces under a coalition to oppose the Acehnese, amassing an army of 45,000 men. Facing varying degrees of success, they managed to take over the city of Pekan and securing the eastern corners of Pahang. The endeavour even leads to an obscure pretender trying to claim the throne, backed by their support.
However, their success has reached Iskandar Muda's court. Infuriated by the Johorese revolt, the sultan set sail with the rejuvenated armada to the peninsula. The Acehnese plundered Johor Lama as an act of retribution for their rebellion, blinding the local garrison and impaling the regent for conspiring against him.
The two eventually meet at the coastlines north of the Rompin River, with the Acehnese being vastly outnumbered by the Johorese-Pattani coalition. However, despite their advantage, their efforts were met with failure as they're fallen into disarray by Acehnese muskets and cannon. The Pattani sultan succumbed to his wounds, but Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah survived with only a meagre number of guards. Iskandar Muda ordered his men to blind him but guaranteed the position as sultan once again, this time under the regency of a subservient vizier.
Conquest of South Sumatra
With the last of the remaining polities crushed, the fall of the Pattani Sultanate marked the total consolidation of the Malay Peninsula under the Acehnese rule. The spice trade flows through their dominion as they sail through the Malacca Strait, with quantities of nutmeg and pepper stored in the maritime entrepot of the peninsula. Their monopoly over the trade routes enabled the Acehnese to expand their army to a more sophisticated and organized force, learning many military stratagems from the Ottoman benefactors and proliferating the use of muskets.
Under the intention to unite the Muslim polities and expel European influence across the known archipelago, Iskandar Muda - with his rejuvenated and reformed army, waged a campaign against the sultanates of South Sumatra in 1633. Jambi, Indragiri, Palembang and Banten - all under a hastily-assembled alliance in reaction to the subjugation of the Johor Sultanate, gathered their forces and galleys to push the Acehnese back.
Hoping to restore the sultanates subjugated by Iskandar Muda and liberate the peninsula from his rule, they seek to push north to the adjacent region of Siak. City after city, they enjoyed varying degrees of success: The city of Tungkal was overwhelmed by the combined fleet of the coalition and the Reteh faced a bloodless takeover after delivering their ultimatum to the local war noble.
Fearing for the loss of Siak, the Sultan entrenched his army in the Kampar River. The Acehnese made efforts to slow down the massive army posed by the coalition: Constructing stockades concealed with by the rainforest and rallying his war nobles - the Hulubalang, to levy more men for the decisive battle in Indragiri. And despite being outnumbered by their incoming foes, Iskandar Muda's military reforms have allowed him to assemble a corp of professional musketeers and sizable cavalry - both provided by their Ottoman benefactors.
The massive fleet of the coalition faced fierce resistance during their sail through the Kampar River in 1634. The stockades scattered through its northern bank harasses their galleys, with local levies firing muskets and cannons against the crowded fleet. While many succumbed to the sea, their fleet sails on as they begin to reach Indragiri.
Laying a beachhead to prepare for the siege, they begin to set their camps for the upcoming battle. Much to their surprise, the Acehnese formed their sorties earlier than they expected. They were able to inflict massive casualties despite meagre numbers as their skirmishing levies and larger cavalry harasses them with volleys and shock charges. Despite this, the coalition was able to set up camps and stockades, even dismantling some of their ships for stronger materials.
The decisive battle did not come to fruition until its fifth day. Weary of an incoming reinforcement from the enemy side, the commanding sultans agreed to begin formations against the Acehnese. Both suffered heavy losses, but Iskandar Muda stands triumphant after his cavalry outmaneuvered the disoriented coalition, shocked by their ruthless charge while being pinned by the royal guards. While a sizable were able to disembark from the battle, the rest of the coalition was either slaughter to taken as slaves amidst the chaotic route.
Further Campaign Against the Javanese Polities
The triumphant victory over the Battle of Indragiri enabled the Acehnese to seize the entirety of South Sumatra, even taking over the city of Kalianda. Many of the sultans fled to Java to escape from Iskandar Muda's sadistic punishment, resulting in the vacuum of power in their respective polities.
In their absence, Iskandar Muda delegated his accompanying Hulubalangs to a grander position of power, placing them as semi-autonomous governors responsible for local development and securing the flow of resources to the core regions. Lampung, adjacent to the Sultanate of Banten, faced harassment from Javanese raiders as they funnel throughout the coast and river lines. Kalianda was scorched by their very own to prevent Acehnese incursion to Java, reducing the city to mere rubble.
His triumphs raised furthers concerns for the Dutch East Indies. Grown weary over the Siege of Malacca, the company organized a diplomatic mission to establish itself in the Acehnese court. The encounter devolved into a bloody end after a scornful insult from one of their envoys, eventually being condemned to their death by the foot of the royal elephant. In contrast to the English envoys, their mission received the cordial audience of both the court and the sultan. This lead to the establishment of a trading outpost within the ports of Kutaraja, funnelling the flow of spice to the dinings of their noble court.
The sultan withdrew his military ambitions for time, focusing his energy on domestic affairs. In the following three years, Iskandar Muda oversees the construction of the largest forts in Southeast Asia - the Geudong Puteh, as a countermeasure for a possible Portuguese incursion. The aftermath of Indragiri also led him to implement the construction of paved roads to connect rural hinterlands with their adjacent urban centres, allowing him to pool massive quantities of agricultural produce and manpower.
The Bantenese raiders plaguing over the lasted until an unexpected invasion by the Maratam Sultanate, with Sultan Agung making incursion over the southern coasts of their dominion, despite its proximity to Batavia. Their absence inadvertently allowed Aceh to establish key fortifications around the southern coastlines, even enabling the reconstruction of Kalianda. With a war raging between Maratam and Banten, Iskandar sits idly until their time has come.