Mannerheim Government: An Alternate Finnish Civil War and Consequences

Part I - Civil War
"Fortifications, artillery, foreign aid - will be of no value,
unless the ordinary soldier understands that it is HE guarding his country"
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim - Marshal-President of Finland - 1867-1943

C.G.E Mannerheim in the 1940s

C.G.E Mannerheim in the 1940s - - - - -

The tension that had been brewing for years and years had finally boiled over in January 1918, when the Finnish Civil War began. The Reds who had been inspired by the Russian Revolution in 1917 had gained the support of the Bolsheviks in the east, and were ready to begin their revolution on the night of the 27th of January.
Meanwhile C.G.E Mannerheim and his corp who were on stanby arriving to a port. He was scheduled to arrive in Finland shortly before the civil war would start but due to supply line problems he arrived in february instead, during the beginnings of the war.


Due to Mannerheim arriving late, and a large portion of the Finnish army being unprepared or somewhere else, the Reds were able to quickly capture land up to Oulu. The Reds also attempted an invasion of Åland, but Mannerheim and his troops had arrived in Åland shortly before the invasion was scheduled to begin. On the eve of the 15th of February Mannerheim and his comrades organized an counterattack against the Reds, launching a naval invasion of Helsinki and a mostly land based invasion was launched through Åland. The land invasion was painfully slow and deadly to both sides. In Turku alone around a thousand men died on both sides.
The naval invasion of Helsinki had different results, being a resounding success. During the initial invasion which was launched from the narby fortress of Suomenlinna the Whites faced some resistance from the reds, but as the initial battles ended and the Whites started advancing through the city.

The Reds decided to abandon Helsinki and to retreat.

The streets of Helsinki were awfully quiet.

"We could never have seen it coming, they took us by suprise and slaughtered us like pigs!"
- Unknown Soldier during the Battle of Helsinki


The Battle of Helsinki was the deciding factor in how the post war government would function. Mannerheim lost many men, but the Reds who set up the ambush would later be either killed in combat or captured and executed. The number of men to have died on the side of the Reds is estimated to be between 500-1500 men.

In the north at around the same time the Finnish counteroffensive was launched pushing the reds back to Tampere, Pori and Viipuri. This was a sign to the end of the war. Many soldiers on the Red side began excecuting White soldiers, anti-communist civilians, and most business owners. Mannerheim was appalled and angered by this zealous warmongering.
with the northern front in stalemate and Kouvola burned to ash by the Whites to never be rebuilt. on the 19th of march the war finally began to develop. A breakthrough was made in Pori and it was captured by Whites, who upon entering the city executed 100 men. The next offensive began on the 21st of march, with Viipuri falling to the whites. The war went on like this with the Whites gradually capturing all of the red cities. On the 15th of May Mannerheim and his generals had finally besieged Tampere, and with that the Reds surrendered.

The following treaty had the leaders executed and all leftist ideology outlawed.

"The leaders and high ranking members of the Reds are to be executed and lower ranking members are to be sent to trial. Far-Left ideology shall be outlawed and meeting with Socialists shall be considered a crime of treason"
Excerpt from the Decree of Helsinki, simplified-

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Please point out all discrepencies and such. First TL, no critique is too much. Thanks to March King Dipsodesfor pointing out it should be Decree and not treaty
 
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Please point out all discrepencies and such. First TL, no critique is too much.
... welll you've asked for ...
...
Meanwhile C.G.E Mannerheim and his regiments who were in Germany for field training until then. He was scheduled to arrive in Finland shortly before the civil war would start but due to supply line problems he arrived in february instead, during the beginnings of the war.
...
Mannerhein was Mayor General at the outbreak of the Great War and commanded a brigade (brigade one level above regiment). During the Brusilow offensieve he was acting General of the 12. Cav. Division (a level above brigade). Early in 1917 he became Lieutenant General commanding a whiole Corps (level above Division).

Therefore I would render it ... curios that he would command "just" a regiment in January 1917.

... not at least a regiment training in Germany :hushedface: ... as a tsarist high ranking officer he was already at the outbreak of war ... withdrawing from 'active service' after the revolution of OTL as the bourgeois then goverment weas too german-friendly for his taste ...


May I ask what Point od Divergence you envisage here ?
 
Part II: Mannerheim Coup and the White Terror
"Kill the Reds, Kill the Slavs and Chop off the head of the Bolshevik Menace!"
Anti-Bolshevik and generally anti left chant used by White Guard

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White Guard of Finland in 1918 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

After the civil war Mannerheim and other political leaders/commanders decided on creating a temporary council until they could decide the first President of Finland. The council had chosen P.E Svinhufvud to be the Regent of Finland. This went well overall, and the government made most laws based on previous ones under Russian rule, Mannerheim was quite urgent on the "snuffing out" of Bolshevik and Leftist thought itself. This began the White Terror of 1918-1920. The White terror was mostly carried out during the war itself with the execution of Red generals and soldiers, and ofcourse leftist and socialist politicians. Many of the POW captured and even women and children were put to work camps which lasted to around January-March of 1919. After the civil war the White Terror took a different form, the form of government intervention and military oppression. All ideology left of moderate social democracy was outlawed, as was workers unions and protesting for higher wages. The harsh protesting laws were repealed in January 1920, but the ideological laws were upheld for a much longer period.
Citizens were encouraged and rewarded for reporting "Bolshevik and Anti-Finnish action" to the Detective Centralpolice (Finn. Etsivä Keskuspoliisi), who would then interrogate and lock-up the citizens upon decision.
Svinhuvfuds term as regent was coming to an end. This began the second period in regency. Mannerheim was the clear choice for regent as he was a staunch monarchist and otherwise conservative man, and ofcourse one of the loudest Anti-Communist voices in the political landscape of Finland.
On December 14th, only two days after Mannerheims coronation Prince Frederick Charles denied the throne.
In July 1919 elections were held and a republican majority won the election. Mannerheim reluctantly confirmed the constitution.

In 1920 Mannerheim was for example the chairman of the Red Cross of Finland and didn't hold any political office. In the 1920s Mannerheim got involved in a right-wing conspiracy to make him the dictator of Finland. Mannerheim never thought that the democratic system would create a good leder of finland or any benefit to the fatherland. His aristocratic adn military roots instilled a sense of nationalism in him. During his travels in asia in the 1920s he hunted and travelled excessively, and it also benefitted his health or so he claimed.
In 1920 an assasination attempt was carried out by socialists to kill Mannerheim. It wasn't succesfull and they were arrested.
In 1929 the far-right radicals approached mannerheim to take power, according to thm they had militant members of the Lapua Movement (finn. Lapuanliike) ready to overthrow the government of Finland. Mannerheim is said to have questioned if they were prepared to take other major areas. The Lapua Movement had set up multiple regiments of militants who would capture the towns of Tampere, Viipuri, Oulu, and Turku. Other areas would be seized quickly from there.

20th of May 1929, Mannerheim storms the capital and the takeover has begun. The first city to fall was ofcourse Helsinki, afterwards the cells in Viipuri an Tampere took over and pushed farther inland. The Lapua Movement had quizkly seized power and Mannerheim gave a speech on patriotism, nationalism, and fatherland.

 
... welll you've asked for ...

Mannerhein was Mayor General at the outbreak of the Great War and commanded a brigade (brigade one level above regiment). During the Brusilow offensieve he was acting General of the 12. Cav. Division (a level above brigade). Early in 1917 he became Lieutenant General commanding a whiole Corps (level above Division).

Therefore I would render it ... curios that he would command "just" a regiment in January 1917.

... not at least a regiment training in Germany :hushedface: ... as a tsarist high ranking officer he was already at the outbreak of war ... withdrawing from 'active service' after the revolution of OTL as the bourgeois then goverment weas too german-friendly for his taste ...


May I ask what Point od Divergence you envisage here ?
Ok ofcourse my friend!

So the regiment thing comes from me being quite uneducated in military subdivision but ill fix it so that it fits the narrative. The training in germany is mostly from my own misinformation, sorry about that :closedeyesmile:.

The POD is that Mannerheim arrives a month late during the civil war and that the reds gain more support from the soviets. Hopefully this suits you, im happy to answer all questions though. Ill be sure to check the facts a bit more from now on.
 
In 1929 the far-right radicals approached mannerheim to take power, according to thm they had militant members of the Lapua Movement (finn. Lapuanliike) ready to overthrow the government of Finland. Mannerheim is said to have questioned if they were prepared to take other major areas. The Lapua Movement had set up multiple regiments of militants who would capture the towns of Tampere, Viipuri, Oulu, and Turku. Other areas would be seized quickly from there.
How is the TTL Lapua Movement capable of recruiting such a following, and why are they pushing for a violent coup instead unlike in OTL?

20th of May 1929, Mannerheim storms the capital and the takeover has begun. The first city to fall was ofcourse Helsinki, afterwards the cells in Viipuri an Tampere took over and pushed farther inland. The Lapua Movement had quizkly seized power and Mannerheim gave a speech on patriotism, nationalism, and fatherland.
Mannerheim remained aloof from the Lapua movement (pre- Winter War he was not universally supported among the most radical Whites due his Russian past), so what has changed TTL?
 
How is the TTL Lapua Movement capable of recruiting such a following, and why are they pushing for a violent coup instead unlike in OTL?


Mannerheim remained aloof from the Lapua movement (pre- Winter War he was not universally supported among the most radical Whites due his Russian past), so what has changed TTL?
This is propably unrealistic but due to the higher casualties and in general a worse civil war the right has much more support in Finland, The Lapua movement is not the only group as some military supported them in TTL. The Lapua Movement in this timeline is more extremist and in general could have gotten it through the more right government, but it is mostly for sake of the timeline though it propably doesnt go to ASB territory or does it? (actually want to know). Mannerheim in this timeline is different from OTL Mannerheim in that he is a more nationalistic/authoritarian leader who is sitll deeply flawed in the TL butsimply took the chance.
The Lapua Movement managed to raise their numbers through appealing to general radical right people and white veterans of the war, although i would say their numbers werent that large, it was more the shock of the attack that won it to them.
--
Ill admit it isnt exactly the most realistic thing and i am not the most "Hardcore" guy in this regard but i try to make some sense or for it to have at least some plausibility, and it to be plausible enough for it not to be ASB.
Thank you.
 
Part III: The Mannerheim Government before and during The Winter War - 1929-1939
"A new age dawns Finland."
Excerpt from speech after the coup d'etat delivered by Mannerheim-

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Flag of Finland used during the beginnings of Mannerheims Reign- -
(Credit goes to Fennomanic on DeviantArt)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -


Mannerheim took power in the coup with the Lapua Movement and other Nationalistic organizations. Although he was somewhat hesitant toward working with the Lapua Movement, he decided to collaborate with the newly radicalized faction. Suprisingly the Coup D'etat only took around 200-300 lives, while it was expected to take at least a thousand. The first year or so after the Coup D'etat was a era of stabilisation, most of the government were pushed out of office and banned from running again. The government was now in the hands of Mannerheim and his clique. The memebers of government then were Mannerheim as the Marshal of Finland and The President of Finland simultaneously, multiple generals of finland became memebers of Mannerheims close circle, with him at the top ruling with an iron fist. The new flag was adopted rom 1929-1930 when the period of chaos was seen to end. Many of the pre-coup politicians now wrote about their political beliefs in newspapers and books, some left to Sweden, while some quite simply began a campaign for democracy.

Mannerheim made some sweeping reforms to the nation, for example child welfare and tightening military conscription. Mannerheim was set on one specific idea, Greater Finland (finn. Suur-Suomi). However this was recognized by many as a dream never to be achieved, or as it was seen by Mannerheim, a dream yet to be realized. At the moment though Mannerheim had his mind set on reforming the economy. Under the reign on Mannerheim the economy continued to improve at a steady rate, with the paper and wood industries continuing their prelevance. Mannerheim also let some elements of democracy to stay, for example mayors and some limited offices such as the peoples representatives, who held little to no power at all. Mannerheim had his iron fist choking the remnants of the republic.
The military gained power within the state, becoming one of the largest arms of the Finnish government itself. Large sums of the nations money were spent on weapon production by Mannerheim, contributing to industrialisation of the 1930s and beginning the fast militarisation of Finland. The threat of the Soviet Union was looming on everyones heads in Helsinki, leading to the expansion of the Airforce and Navy on a larger scale. Another facet of the "Red Scare of Finland" was the sped up construction of the Mannerheim line.
The Mannerheim Line had begun its construction in the 20s but when Mannerheim entered office in 1929 it sped up substanitially, and didnt stop until 1938 when it was seen to be done. Minor fortifications were built on the northern border with East Karelia, but never achieved a level even near to the levels of the Mannerheim Line. Along with the building of the Mannerheim Line modernisation of the army was sped up, with the adoption of new technology and integration of guerilla tactics. New machineguns and vehicles were imported all throughout the 1930s form Germany, which was ruled by a certain Adolph Hitler.


During 1937-39 Mannerheim and the other generals became more and more paranoid of a Soviet attack, and as such they began rapid militarization with for example the conscription of many men into the army, and the creation of propaganda to encourage young men to enlist in the military.
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Finnish propagand poster showcasing Russian comissars wrath - "A Traitors pay is Death" 1939- - -
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In 1939 Mannerheims greatest fear was realized. The Soviet attack was expected and as such the Finnish defensive was quite succesfull, the cannons installed on the shores of the Baltic Sea kept Russian ships off the shores and shifted the focus to land combat. Russian bombing runs over smaller cities had massive civilian casualties which were seen as unfavorable by the governments of for example the US and UK. While the 2nd world war continued in Europe the winter war raged on in Finland. Casualties piled up for the Russians and the Finns began pushing through East Karelia, although progree was slow. During the war multiple leftist protests of the war were shut down with violence. Tanks were the main threat as known by the Finns, but they were repelled. The repulsion of the tanks wasnt without flaw, for they caused casualties in the thousands. The Mannerheim Line was one of the few areas not affected by the Tanks, until the KV-2 came along that is. The KV-2 managed some breakthroughs but afterwards they were usually destroyed with molotov-cocktails, logs, frozen lake traps, ir even infantry assault into the tank itself.
"Without the rapid fortification efforts of the Mannerheim line the KV-2 would have broken through and droven to Helsinki"
Excerpt from newspapers, 1940

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The first few months of the Winter War were disastrous for the Russians and Finns, as it went on the Finns advanced throughout Karelia and the Kola peninsula. On the 2nd of April Finnish forces advanced and captured Murmansk. The Karelian front had become a Finnish success story with them pushing the Russians near to the coast of the White Sea. From there no progress was made and on the 24th of April a peace treaty was signed.
"The Russians shall cecede karelia up to the northern bank of Ääninen, and then following up to Alakurtti, from there western parts of the Kola Peninsula shall be Annexed. Finland shall not gain any territory bordering the White Sea."
Excerpt from the Treaty of Viipuri, 24th of April 1940

Mannerheim was suprised by the fact that the soviets accepted the treaty, which was seen as impossible, since the treaty was intended to anger the soviets. Instead the Russians decided to make certain amends such as not giving any territories bordering hte white sea or any of the resource rich parts of Kola. This was mostly because of the humiliation of the Soviets and the fact that the Finns accepted these lands with low strategic value instead of monetary gain. This brought up the fact that many more moderate citizens wanted to take the monetary compensation instead of the land, such as major the former members of Parliament. Ultimately these lands would turn into the so called Karelian Money Drain, which took a toll on the Finnish economy. The amount of Ethnic Russians living in Karelia was a problem as well, as the government didnt know what to do with them. It also led to the view of Finland as an expansionist nation, especially with them taking more land than they would have lost. Then there is the problem of Ultranationalist and Fascist people like Paavo Susitaival, Reino Ala-Kulju, and the National Socialist Yrjö Ruutu. They wanted to take all of the Kola Peninsula, the entirety of East Karelia, Ingria and even St.Petersburg.
But this was only the beginning of the problems of the Finnish State during that period.
 
These borders are inded really impactical looking which is going to cause much of headache to Finnish government.

But I am not sure if Stalin would had attacked if Finland manage to looking like really strong.

And FInland was strangely succesful on its conquests, even more than in OTL Continuatio War. IMO realistically best end result would had been just Finland keeping pre-war borders but not getting more. And this would be somehow hit to Finnish reputation since it conquered land instead that it just would had dfended its borders.
 
These borders are inded really impactical looking which is going to cause much of headache to Finnish government.

But I am not sure if Stalin would had attacked if Finland manage to looking like really strong.

And FInland was strangely succesful on its conquests, even more than in OTL Continuatio War. IMO realistically best end result would had been just Finland keeping pre-war borders but not getting more. And this would be somehow hit to Finnish reputation since it conquered land instead that it just would had dfended its borders.
Yeah thanks for commenting btw!
So the point is that the borders and other things caused a headache and turmoil which will lead to another update im writing on this TL rn. So the Soviet Union and Stalin put less effort into the Winter War than in OTL, the conquest is just taking an opportunity. Obviously these borders will not last and otherwise it'll work to the russian's favor due to te´he economic and political problems that would ensue. Hopefully the military buildup and weapons development, and other stuff like that would hepl with plausibility.
Thanks for taking time to read this!
 
Part IV: Post Winter War Government and the Second Winter War, 1943-45
"The dream of a Finnish Karelia was finally realised, yet the cost would become the end of a golden age"
Excerpt from book on Karelia, 1955

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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim and Adolph Hitler in 1942 on Mannerheims birthday - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

After the Winter War and its strange conclusion Finland was in chaos. The war, while attaining territories for Finland and otherwise being a moment of pride for Finland, was a ticking time bomb. Leftist politicians were in uproar at the annexation and warmongering expressed by the Finnish Government, while the fascist and ultranationalist politicians such as Paavo Susitaival or Reino Ala-Kulju were yelling about the fact that finland didnt gain a coast with the White Sea. Mannerheim himself was confident that this would be enough to cement finland as a major player in europe. This was a falsehood.

The acquisition of parts of East Karelia took its toll on the Finnish economy due to the low infrastructure of Karelia and the low resource geography. Mannerheim was set on developing their parts of Karelia to levels of Finnish infrastructure. This wasnt helped by the fact that most of the area taken was under Military Occupation under Liutenant General Aksel Frederik Airo, who to put it simply wasn't made for the job. Mannerheims infrastructure plans didnt have much success, as the farthest they got was developing a few roads near some minor cities. Then there was the question of the Russian population in Karelia, the obvious solution was a population eschange, with Russia "returning" Karelians and Finns in the remnants of East Karealia and St.Petersburg, while Finland returns the Russians in their Karelia. Some more... Radical people like Paavo Susitaival supported work camps and imprisonement. Otherwise the most supported solution was deportation/assimilation, which was easily the best solution. No solution was chosen until December 1st, 1942. On that day Mannerheim and the others decided to assimilate the Russians into a proper minority, with the infrastructure plan developing slowly it was chosen to build schools in the major population centers. These schools would teach finnish to the new Russian minorities. Another thing to happen during the annexation of Karelia was an independence movement by some rather vocal Karelian Nationalists.
In 1943, the final year of Mannerheim Rulw in Finland Germany approached Finland to attack the Soviet Union. Mannerheim declined the offer stating that Finland did not need any more land.
A week later an unnamed Communist Party member shot mannerheim three times in his chest, leading to his Death.

The Finnish Succession Crisis
After Mannerheims death the immediate result was a military takeover which lasted for around 7 days, after which a Communist Insurrection was began in Helsinki and Oulu and other such locations, but this lasted for aroun 20 days. The final Government during this short period of unstable battling was that the Fascist government took power, with Paavo Susitaival taking Hitlers offer to attack Russia. The only tradeback to Germany was that Finmark was annexed by Finland and kept under a military government until 1948.
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The Second Winter War
The second Winter War was a short war that lasted form 1943-44, in which finnish troops quicly marched into the remaining areas of Karelia and the Kola peninsula taking Murmansk and Petroskoi. this only took 3 weeks due to new equipment brought from Germany and the low amounts of soldiers that were in the area at the time. After this the Finns started the real offensive encircling St. Petersburg and setting up a somewhat stable frontline along that same area.
The next thing that happened was aptly named the "Rape of Petersburg" a warcrime committed by Finnish troops in St. Petersburg. The soldiers were shipped off to work in camps and around 45 000 civilians died. After the war Susitaival claimed to have ordered the soldiers to take the city peacefully, and since there were documents proving this it was the general who did that was executed, while Susitaival was ousted from power.
Around the same time a man named Yrjö Ruutu made a secretive pact with Hitler and his clique to take power in Finland and turn it into a Reichskomissariat of Germany. on the eve of November 20th of 1943 Yrjö Ruutu took power while Susitaival escaped, returning when the war ended. Yrjö Ruutu would then for a short period from November of 1943 to January 1944 rule Finland ordering the army to advance toward Moskow, nut this was never achieved. On January 3rd 1944 Yrjö Ruutu was hanged from the presidential palace. A military government consisting of generals took power and stopped collaborating with the Germans. Peacetalks were entered. The Russians were weakened from the Second Winter War and asked for finnish help against the Reich, which was accepted. Finnish terms were due to the Nationalist government that they would keep all of East Karelia and the Kola Peninsula, although they entered a deal with the Soviets in which during war time they would sell oil and other resources to the soviets at a reduced price. Finland relocated its troops through to the norwegian front from which they navally invaded Oslo with russian assistance. Afterwards Finland exited the War and kept East and West Karelia, Finmark, and the Kola Peninsula. Murmansk was established as a Semi-Independent SSR within the USSR. The Finns paid reperations to rebuild Petersburg and arrested high ranking military officers and generals.
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After WW2 Finland was taken to the table and it was ordered to return Karelia to the USSR, although through the Treaty of Viipuri signed in 1944 the finns were able to keep their land. The relations of Finland with the USSR had deteriorated and they entered a "Friendship Pact" mostly to keep them from going to war again. Finland also made Economic concessions to the USSR.
 
The following treaty had the leaders executed and all leftist ideology outlawed.

"The leaders and high ranking members of the Reds are to be executed and lower ranking members are to be sent to trial. Left ideology shall be outlawed and meeting with leftists shall be considered a crime of treason"
Excerpt from the Treaty of Helsinki, simplified-
1) A treaty is an agreement between two or more parties. This would be a proclamation or decree.

2) "Leftism" != "Communism". "Social Democrats" were "leftist", but very much not Communist. The SPD in Germany put down the rebellion by the Communist "Spartacists" at this time.
 
1) A treaty is an agreement between two or more parties. This would be a proclamation or decree.

2) "Leftism" != "Communism". "Social Democrats" were "leftist", but very much not Communist. The SPD in Germany put down the rebellion by the Communist "Spartacists" at this time.
Thanks for mentioning this, did not know difference between treaty and otherS

2: Leftism in this context contains all from Socialism to Maoism and beyond, the ideology not included is for example Social Democracy. Hope this clears things up, and hope you enjoy the timeline as much as I enjoy making it!
 
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Part V: Return to Form 1945-1960
Mannerhiem. Susitaival. Ruutu. All symbols of an oppressive regime, which had finally been dealt the final blow. 1945, the military took control after Ruutu's ousting. 15 days passed when a group of republican protestors and guardsmen marched into Helsinki, bearing rifles and flags of Finland. The generals executed, a government destroyed. A return to form was happening, the military government overthrown. It took 4 years for the Council to choose the first President of the New Republic of Finland. Juho Kusti Paasikivi would go on to be the president of Finland until 1956, after being re-elected and his term ending short due to him being killed in a car accident. The year was 1956, and elections were being held. The Socialist and Communist elements in parliament were strengthened since the establishment of the Republic.
Election Results: Urho Kekkonen-46.3%, Fagerholm-53.7%. By only a narrow gap Fagerholm and the SDP win the election. Many of the former communist leaders who had fled to the USSR and are still alive in 1956 rejoin the party, and it becomes an amalgamation called the KDP-Democratic Communist Party (finn. Kommunisti Demokraattien Puolue) which falls apart quickly. Snap elections are held within parliament to choose between the SDP and SKP (Sosiaalidemokraattinen Puolue ja Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue). Finland was divided, SKP-51.2% , SDP-48.8%. The President of Finland was now Yrjö Kaarlo Leino.

Leino Government
Under Yrjö Leinos government not much would happen. Notably close ties with the USSR were established but they went nowhere after 1960. Karelia, Kola, and Finnmark were integrated into finland as Autonomous Provinces (finn. Autonominen Lääni). The economy began its steady recovery as a sweeping wawe of reforms increased welfare and taxation, while the wealthy landowners were yelling and screaming at the workers unions becoming more and more prevalent. The avarage income of a worker was around $2000-$2500 USD, or in todays terms $22500 USD.

Election of 1960
In 1960 the second election of republican Finland was held. The two main contenders were the Agrarians and the Left, consisting of the SDP and the SKP. Kekkonen won 43% of the vote while the SDP won 23.4% and the SKP won 21.6%, while the rest was minor parties. The SKP and SDP had similar goals which led to the party merger creating the SKP (Finnish Peoples Party/finn. Suomen Kansan Puolue). The President was now Yrjö Emil Enne, of the former SKDL and now the President of Finland, his vice president was Paavo Aitio.
 
What is the effect on Russia with the northern route for Lend-Lease largely cut? I feel that the Soviets would be throwing bodies at Finland to retake the route to Murmansk. Stalingrad may have happened but Russia was far from out of the woods here. Kursk didn't happen until mid-1943, that operation may not even happen or could be very different if the L-L is severely hampered. Below are two images to show the front from the end of 1942 to the start of 1945. Even if the Soviets are less capable of mounting offensives on the same scale as OTL, they may well have directed a bit of these offensives northward TTL. Basically, they just sucker punched the Soviets right when they got their second wind and started their unrelenting assault that didn't stop until they planted their flag on the Reichstag. All this is to say nothing of potentially shooting at British and American sailors either...

This isn't to be disparaging and I know the focus here is on Finland and not the wider war in Europe, but it just feels that Finland did a bit too well here.

Eastern_Front_1942-11_to_1943-03.png


Eastern_Front_1943-08_to_1944-12.png
 
What is the effect on Russia with the northern route for Lend-Lease largely cut? I feel that the Soviets would be throwing bodies at Finland to retake the route to Murmansk. Stalingrad may have happened but Russia was far from out of the woods here. Kursk didn't happen until mid-1943, that operation may not even happen or could be very different if the L-L is severely hampered. Below are two images to show the front from the end of 1942 to the start of 1945. Even if the Soviets are less capable of mounting offensives on the same scale as OTL, they may well have directed a bit of these offensives northward TTL. Basically, they just sucker punched the Soviets right when they got their second wind and started their unrelenting assault that didn't stop until they planted their flag on the Reichstag. All this is to say nothing of potentially shooting at British and American sailors either...

This isn't to be disparaging and I know the focus here is on Finland and not the wider war in Europe, but it just feels that Finland did a bit too well here.

Eastern_Front_1942-11_to_1943-03.png


Eastern_Front_1943-08_to_1944-12.png
Thanks for replying! And I didn't really take that into account so I don't know, if I had made it so that the peace was signed earlier I guess I could have made it so that the Finn's could let the supplies go through Karelia, the success is also in part to the fact that I wanted it to be so that the expansion ultimately brings ruin to Finland. But thanks for reading my first TL!
 
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