List of monarchs III

wwbgdiaslt · Jun 9, 2021

@Cate13 I thought I was safe just posting lol. If you want me to remove mine, that's okay or if you can make yours fit after mine, that's also cool.

Cate13 · Jun 9, 2021

What if John, Prince of Asturias, lived?

Monarchs of Castile
1474-1504: Isabella I (House of Trastamara)
1504-1518: John III (House of Trastamara) [1]

Monarchs of Castile and Aragon
1518-1521: John III (House of Trastamara) [1]

Monarchs of Castile, Aragon and Navarre
1521-1525: John III and IV (House of Trastamara) [1]
1525-1545: Ferdinand I, III and V (House of Trastamara) [2]
1545-1565: John IV and V (House of Trastamara) [3]

Monarchs of Castile, Aragon, Navarre and Portugal
1565-1576: John IV, V and III (House of Trastamara) [3]
1576-1578: Miguel II and I (House of Trastamara) [4]

Monarchs of the Holy Iberian Empire
1578-1593: Miguel I (House of Trastamara) [4]
1593-1602: Felix I (House of Trastamara) [5]
1602-1634: Duarte I "the Unexpected" (House of Trastamara) [6]

Monarchs of the Holy Iberian Empire, and of England, Ireland and Wales

1634-1654: Leo I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [7]
1654-1701: Duarte II (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [8]
1701-1714: Duarte III (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [9]
1714-1723: Gabriel I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [10]
1723-1732: Felix II (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [11]
1732-1745: John I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [12]
1745-1790: Alfonso I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [13]
1790-1801: Pedro I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [14]

Monarchs of the Holy Iberian Empire, and of England and Wales
1801-1822: Pedro I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [14]
1822-1835: Louis I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [15]

Monarchs of the Holy Iberian Empire, and of England and Wales, and the Holy Roman Empire
1835-1835: Louis I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [15]

Monarchs of the Holy Iberian Empire, and of England and Wales
1835-1838: Louis I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [15]
1838-1847 Duarte IV (House of Tudor-Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [16]

[1] Born in 1478, John was the only child of his parents, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, who were later dubbed "The Catholic Monarchs", due to their piety. John was groomed to be King from a young age, and was trained in the arts of governance and diplomacy. His parents wanted to form an alliance with the Holy Roman Empire against France and so would betroth him to the Holy Roman Emperor's daughter Margaret of Austria. The two would marry in 1497, and would quickly fall in love. However, John fell dangerously ill not long after their marriage and almost died. Fortunately, he'd live and sire 4 children with his Wife.

In 1504, John inherited Castile from his mother, Isabella, though he would not become King of Aragon until 1518, when his father died. He quickly continued many of his Mother's policies, most crucially her fanatical Catholicism and anti-French diplomacy. John would partake in many of the Italian Wars, using Castilian manpower to help defeat the French. In the most crucial Italian War, the War of the League of Cambrai, John led a force of 50,000 men against the French in Italy, helping push them out of Italy and capturing their stronghold of Milan. After several more years of bitter fighting France would capitulate in 1515, and Castile and Aragon would reap the benefits. Several border towns and forts on the Castilian-French border were ceded to Castile and/or Aragon. France also renounced all of their claims to Castilian territory, and paid a massive some of money in reparations.

John also began a rivalry with the Ottomans, sponsoring many raids on their lands and territories, hoping to weaken the great Islamic power. The raids never resulted in War but tensions between the two titans rose sharply. One Ottoman Diplomat would refer to Castile as "Home to the fanatics".

In 1518, Ferdinand II of Aragon passed away, and John would inherit the Kingdom, at last uniting the great Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon. Almost immediately he set his eyes North onto the tiny Kingdom of Navarre, to which he had a claim. France had agreed to not interfere in any Castilian or Aragonese invasion of Navarre, which left the Kingdom ripe for the taking for John. John would launch his invasion in 1519, and would conquer the entire Kingdom in 1521, with the Navarrese royal family taking refuge in France.

On the Colonisation front, John continued many of his Mother's policies, treating the natives with respect and sponsoring explorers and conquistadors. On one occasion he learnt of a man called Hernan Cortes who led a bloody conquest of the Aztec Empire, and slaughtered many of it's people. While John would permit colonisation of the region, he had Hernan arrested and later executed for treason. He also donated a sizeable sum of money to the Aztec people in hopes of helping them recover.

Religion wise, John hated the birth of Protestantism, when Martin Luther pinned his 95 theses to a Church door in Germany. He put a bounty of 1,000 Crowns on Martin to be brought to him. Though this would fail, John sponsored many enemies of Luther and his adherents, sending vast sums of money to some German duchies, which brought a wave of wealth to the Kingdoms, and introduced Spanish economic policies to the Kingdom.

In 1525, John fell ill with Smallpox, and despite his best efforts, he would pass away. Upon his death, he was succeeded by eldest son, Ferdinand.

[2] Ferdinand was the eldest of the four children of John III, and like his father, the only son. He took the thrones in 1525, having married Caterina Cybo, a niece of Pope Leo XI and granddaughter of Pope Innocent VIII. The resultant eight children born from 1520, all male, born healthy, would survive to adulthood - and would be seen as evidence that whilst Caterina was not of noble heritage, the marriage had been blessed by the divine spirit. Ferdinand had a relatively short reign of two decades, and saw his cousins ascend the thrones in England (Henry VIII), Burgundy (Charles II) and Portugal (Miguel I) and this, alongside his ties to the Vatican, left him with a steady position on the continent.

Still, Henry II, King Claimant of the Navarrese Court in Exile, made constant plots to reclaim his lands. Henry had only daughters, Jeanne (1528) and Catherine (1530), and so Ferdinand made the tactical move to arrange the marriage of both Jeanne and Catherine to two of his sons, attempting to pacify the Navarrese in a manner not unlike Henry VII's marriage to Elisabeth of York over fifty years earlier.

He married another son to his cousin Miguel I of Portugal's daughter, Dona Isabella, and yet another to Lady Catherine Tudor, daughter of his cousin, Henry VIII. By 1545, all of his sons had married or become engaged, some had produced issue and others had not, but when he died, Ferdinand was in the company of his heir Prince John, as well as Queen Caterina

[3] John was born the oldest of the eight son, in 1520, becoming Prince of Asturias and heir from birth.
Growing up, he knew he needed the love and fear of his brothers, love to serve him and fear to be loyal to him.
At the age of 16, John was married to his cousin, Dona Isabella of Portugal, daughter and heiress of Miguel I of Portugal and Eleanor of Austria.

He would serve as best man at all six of his brother’s weddings that followed his own, enjoying the size of his family growing.

Upon becoming king at the age of 25 in 1545, he came with three children already and would have three more during his reign.

His youngest brother, Prince Giovanni, at 14 would soon find his proposed bride had died, leaving him at the mercy of his older brother, to which John provided him with a religious job. Through their mother, John was able to elevate him to Archbishops of Toledo and get him a seat in the Cardinal college, through his own hard work Giovanni was able to work to hold the highest office close to od, as Pope Innocent IX.

With his pious connections as well as support from his local noblemen, John was able to rid the kingdom of Muslims and Jews as well as demanding a war on the Muslim territories in North and Western Africa, with his brothers and fellow countrymen claiming lands and titles through this.
His control over Africa were not secure yet but with settlers and missionaries being sent to colonies the new colonies as well as the ones in the America’s, John hoped for future kings to benefit from these gains.

In 1565, Miguel I of Portugal, died leaving his daughter Isabella to take the throne and allowing John to be their next to him, the pair co-ruled as joint monarch happily for 11 years before John died in 1576 just before his 56th birthday. Throughout his remaining years he tried to consolidate the crowns as one Holy Iberian Empire, but never saw his plans come true.
He was succeeded by his son, Miguel.

[4] Miguel was born in 1537 to John IV and Isabella of Portugal, later becoming Prince of Asturias in 1545 when his grandfather Ferdinand I died. Growing up, he knew that as Castile expanded, so did opportunities for revolts to happen. Thus, he would teach himself on how to be a kind and fair ruler and how to govern his ever growing Kingdom.

Miguel would marry in 1558 to Elizabeth of England, daughter of Henry VIII of England. The newly married couple went on to have nine children (five of whom would make it to adulthood) together.

Miguel would become King following his father’s death in 1576 and would complete the consolidation of his territories into the Holy Iberian Empire upon the death of his mother Isabella I of Portugal in 1583. He played around with the idea of giving the various crownlands their own kings, but realise that could cause problems down the line.

The Holy Iberian Empire would continue to grow during this time, with the expansion of the colonies in the Americas, as well as the marring off of his daughters to the various rulers of Europe, including the marriage of this daughter Isabella to Ferdinand I of England, son of Henry VIII.

Miguel died in 1593 at the age of 54, and was succeeded by his son, Felix.

Felix I, Holy Iberian Emperor, King of Castille, Aragon, Portugal, and Navarre, Prince of Catalonia, Duke of Vellisca

[5] Born in 1559, Felix was the first son and child of Emperor Miguel I and Queen Elizabeth. In his youth, he was a shy, quiet, and uninterested child. But, when he entered his adolescence, Felix became a quite different person. He was rude and brash and drank wine to such a degree that it was thought his mouth was a bottomless well. It was also at this time that Felix developed his passion for architecture.

At the age of 34, upon the death of his father, Felix became the Holy Iberian Emperor. Personally, Felix did not accomplish much during his reign, as he mostly preferred to fool around with the court ladies. However, under his instructions, many of Madrid’s most iconic buildings and monuments were created. Felix also encouraged the Empire to continue to expand to the north of Mexico, and into other areas, such as Florida, in 1600.

In 1602, Felix’s excessive drinking had finally caught up to him, as he died from a myriad of liver problems. He was succeeded by his son, Duarte.

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Emperor Duarte in military attire

[6] Born in 1595, Duarte was the youngest son of Emperor Felix and his second wife, a Navarrese noblewoman. As the youngest child, he never received an education befitting a future Emperor. That all changed when Emperor Felix's only other son to survive infancy, Prince Ferdinand, died of smallpox, and Duarte, as the only surviving one of Felix’s sons, would ascend to the throne of the Holy Iberian Empire at age 7 in 1602, with an uncle serving as regent.

As Emperor, Duarte emphasized the non-Spanish cultures within the Empire and her colonies, with Portuguese and Basque being elevated to languages of the Imperial Court, as well as adopting the absolute primogeniture of the old Kingdom of Navarre as the Imperial law of succession. He also increased autonomy in the Viceroyalties, so that the governance of the colonies could be more detached from the center of Imperial power, but still remain in loyal hands.

In his personal life, he married his distant cousin, Maddalena Claudia of Naples, and they would have five children, two of whom would live to adulthood. Emperor Duarte, unlike many rulers of the time, was known for his fidelity, not taking a single mistress during his reign.

Duarte, the Emperor nobody could have foreseen, would die at 39 years of age in 1634, having reformed the Empire at it’s core, and would be succeeded by Leo I, the King of England, Ireland and Wales.

[7] Leo, born in 1600, ruled England, Scotland and Wales as Leo IV from 1630. He was a great great great grandson of Catherine of Aragon and Arthur I of England, through their granddaughter Lady Catherine Tudor and her husband, the Duke of Gibraltar. When Catherine's brother Ferdinand I of England died with no issue, she succeeded as Catherine I and her children became the House of Tudor Trastamara.

Leo IV (after his father and grandfather who had been sole rulers, and the Duke of Gibraltar who had been joint monarch with Catherine I) was the son of Leo III and Joanna of the Holy Iberian Empire, sister to Duarte I. Joanna died in 1529 before her son would become King. And whilst Duarte had children who survived to adulthood, they both predeceased him without providing issue which made his sister heir to the Empire.

When Joanna died, this passed to her son as there had been nothing in the constitution of the Empire that forbade female inheritance. And whilst it was questioned, nothing came of it.

However, the Holy Roman Empire and France expressed their concern as this would be a massive unification of power under one crown. Still, Leo was the legal heir to the imperial crown and endorsed by the new Pope, Lucius IV, a distant cousin, grandson of the Duke of Algiers, in 1634 after his uncles death he succeeded to the throne under the House of Tudor Trastamara Trastamara. As part of this endorsement, Leo married Lucius' cousin, Adela of Algiers, which gave precedence at court to the Duke of Algiers and his line.

Whilst fighting between the various courts of Europe had been normal, now fighting between the factions of the Imperial Court of Madrid became the standard. Whilst Leo was the legitimate heir by male preference primogeniture (as the claim to Portugal and Castile were by a female line) , others argued that the claim was invalid and that the Trastamara Pamplona line was the valid heir.

In 1650, Leo ceded the Viceroyalty of the Canary Islands to the Trastamara Pamplona line to be passed down alongside the Dukedom of Pamplona. It did not take long for the Duke of Pamplona to claim the Canary Islands as it's own Kingdom, and this was in turn supported by France and the Holy Roman Empire. However, the union of the Iberian Empire and England had yielded the greatest naval power that the world had seem, perhaps equalling the Roman fleet in manpower.

The declaration by the Duke of Pamplona led to open warfare in 1652 and was still ongoing when Leo died in 1654 of a heart attack. He was survived by both children and grandchildren, and his heir Duarte was immediately called to Madrid to be crowned.

Emperor Duarte II
[8] Duarte was born in 1637, as the second child and first son of Leo I and IV and Adela of Algiers. He was 17 when became Emperor of the Holy Iberian Empire as Duarte II and King of England, Ireland and Wales as Edward VI, and had to deal with the Duke of Pamplona's rebellion. The Canary Islands would see the war go in their favour when the Iberian and English navy suffered a series of failures thanks to a combination of some deaths of competent admirals, successful pirate raids, and bad weather.

The Treaty of Vienna in 1657 had Iberia forced to cede a couple of it's colonies to the Canary Islands. This humiliation of Iberia by a group of islands sent shock waves across Europe, with small countries like Brittany and Bohemia declaring independence from larger countries. Duarte, afraid that his country could split apart, started to spend his summers and falls in Iberia and winters and springs in England. He married an English noblewoman named Anne Grey in 1660 and had six children with her.

In 1700, the childless King of the Canary Islands died without any male heirs, starting the War of the Canary Succession. Duarte saw this as a chance to get the Canary Islands under the Iberian sphere of influence, with him pressing the claim of the Duke of Zaragoza. However, Duarte wasn't able to see the results of the war as he died the following year at the age of 69. He was succeeded by ______, his ______.

[9] Born in 1680, Duarte III was grandson of Duarte II by his eldest son, Duarte/Edward, the Prince Imperial and Prince of Wales, and his wife, Benedicta of Naples, a territory of the Empire. He inherited the War of the Canary Succession from his grandfather.

The line of the first Duke of Pamplona was not extinct, merely that the last King had left no male heirs. Female heirs remained. And as the constitution of the Canary Islands was based upon the Imperial one, which in turn was based on the Aragonese and Castilian ones, which allowed succession by and via female lines, and also given that Emperor Leo had succeeded to the throne via a female line, it made the Holy Iberian Empires determination to block the succession of the female line in Santa Cruz de Tenerife seem awfully hypocritical. It also in turn made the line of Tratamara Pamplona look hypocritical by insisting on succession by the female line whereas they had objected to it with Emperor Leo.

The second Treaty of Vienna in 1710 created a compromise, that Augusta, the declared Queen of the Canary Islands, would continue to reign but recognise the islands suzerainity under the Empire and also that her daughter would marry Duartes fifth brother, the eighteen-year-old Antonio, creating an even more convoluted cadet branch of the House of Trastamara - the House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara-Trastamara-Pamplona (often abbreviated to simply Tudor-Pamplona, and later the House of Santacrucera).

Antonio had to abdicate his imperial claim, one which he would be unlikely to have achieved, as he was fifth in line.

Duarte III had married a cousin from the Cordoba line in 1702 and by his death in 1714, he had three sons. He died at the Viceregal Residence in Lisbon on a state visit.

Charles_de_Bourbon%2C_futur_Carlos_III.jpg

Gabriel I dressed in his typical afternoon attire
[10] Gabriel I, born in 1702, was the first of three sons of Emperor Duarte III and Empress-Consort Anna Marianna. His father intended for him to receive a typical education in military and naval affairs. However, the young prince refused as he preferred to pursue his own interests such as dancing and singing, which his father tacitly allowed.

When the Emperor unexpectedly died in 1714, a regency was formed, headed by the late Emperor’s wife, now, Princess-Regent. In contrast to Duarte, Gabriel’s mother was very stringent and strict. In 1718, Gabriel met the 16-year-old Princess Philipa of Franconia, the two soon fell in love. Gabriel asked his mother if he could marry her, but she refused. Gabriel was heartbroken.

Once Gabriel had reached the age of maturity, ordered the summoning legislative commission, which would be drawn from all classes from all regions of the empire to debate ways of improving the empire. Gabriel hoped that everything would, but, it did not, as there was little common ground between the delegates, who constantly argue and squabble.

By 1723, Gabriel had become increasingly stressed and depressed. Finally, secretly left Iberia, with the help of a few trusted friends, and travelled to the Holy Roman Empire, where he married Princess Philipa. Gabriel would spend the rest of his life frequently entertaining the Holy Roman Emperor and the Imperial Court with his dances and dances, which became quite popular in Germany and Bohemia, though, they were subsequently banned across the Holy Iberian Empire.

Meanwhile, he was succeeded by his brother, Felix.

[11] The second of the three sons of Duarte III, Felix II would be morbidly obese by today's standards but as he ascended to the throne, his corpulance was seen as a sign of power and wealth. He became Emperor at 20, and by the age of 30, he was dead. Whilst he had married, and by all accounts, his wife was devoted and loving, the pair may never have consummated their relationship and following his death, his wife, Princess Josephine of Brittany, successfully sought the latest of the Trastamara Popes to grant her an annulment so that she would be free to remarry.

Despite his obesity and gluttony, Felix was largely a good Emperor, he managed to implement many of the reforms that his brother had attempted, reformatting the Imperial government into a two level organisation - the Imperial Diet which consisted of the Viceroys and Governors of the numerous states of the Empire (so each state has equal representation), and the House of Representatives (each representative represented a set number of people, so more populous areas has more representatives) that was supposed to be elected by all married, property owning males who had produced at least one child, but became largely composed of whomever the Emperor or the Diet could bribe or blackmail the electorate into voting.

Whilst other nations had Parliaments, that of the Holy Iberian Empire became the template for many that came after, known as The Father of Parliaments in modern parlance.

Felix II died after using his private privy, possibly of an aortic aneurysm, and as he was childless, the Imperial throne passed to his younger brother John.

Emperor John I
[12] Born in 1705, John I was the third and final son of Emperor Duarte II and his wife, Princess Anna Marianna of Cordoba. John received a military education and was highly intelligent in many subjects that pertained to the military and the navy.

As he was the third child, he was not expected to become the Holy Iberian Emperor, but, in 1723, with the abdication of his oldest brother, he became second in line to the throne. And, in 1732, with the death of his childless middle brother, he became emperor.

During the reign of John I, he oversaw many aspects of the Iberian military and navies were reformed. John I planned to wage war against France and the Holy Roman Empire. However, in 1745, tragedy struck, the Emperor, during a marching exercise, was violently swung from his horse and died a few days later.

At first, it was unclear who would succeed John I, who only had legitimized children, but the process of their legitimization was disputed. However, in the end, John I’s successor was his cousin, Alfonso.

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Alfonso I, by the Grace of God, Holy Iberian Emperor, King of England and Wales, Lord of Ireland

[13] Alfonso was born in 1715 to Prince Miguel, younger brother of Duarte III, and his wife Eleanor of the Palatinate. As Duarte already had three sons, Alfonso wasn’t really considered to be a future Emperor, but after Gabriel I abdicated, Felix II died without issue, and John I died with his children being of questionable legitimacy, Alfonso, as the closest legitimate relative of Emperor John, would ascend to the Holy Iberian throne at age 30.

Alfonso I wanted a bride of similar prestige to him and would find that in Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna of Russia, half-aunt to Tsar Peter II. The Tsar accepted the proposal, with the stipulation that while any children the two had would be raised Catholic, Natalia would still be allowed to follow Russian Orthodoxy. Grand Duchess Natalia adapted to the court in Madrid well, and was charmed by Alfonso’s chivalrous behavior. The two would have a loving and bountiful marriage, resulting in ten children.

As Emperor, Alfonso improved the availability of education by sponsoring the construction or refurbishment of universities in major cities across the Empire and her constituent Kingdoms. When Tsar Peter II died without issue, Empress-Consort Natalia’s older sister, Elizabeth, became Empress of Russia, and chose her nephew Miguel, the second son of Alfonso and Natalia, as her heir should she die childless, leading to the House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara-Romanov, or the simplified Tudor-Trastamara-Romanov, being the ruling house of Russia after the extinction of the male-descent Romanov line.

Alfonso would die of old age at 75, after a peaceful reign, and would be succeeded by his son, Peter.

Emperor Pedro I of the Holy Iberian Empire

[14] Prince Peter was born in 1747 to Emperor Alfonso I and his wife Natalia Petrovna of Russia as their first child of many. He grew up in a big family, and had great relations with his siblings, including his younger brother Miguel (the future Tsar Michael II of Russia). Peter had an education fit for the heir of the Holy Iberian Empire, and also often travelled to the English parts of his realm, which made him popular among the people there. He married Princess Augusta of the Canary Islands, daughter of King Antonio III. Peter and Augusta loved each other just as much as Peter's parents and had eight children.

Peter became Emperor of the HIB in 1790 at the age of 43, and picked the regal name "Pedro" in recognition of the Portuguese people. Pedro would continue the work of his father on the improving the availability of education and spreading the belief of plurinationalism across the empire. In the late 1790s and early 1800s, the Second Springtime of Nations would happen (the first one happening in the 1660s following the War of Canary Independence), with many countries gaining independence including Norway and Greece. Pedro would give Ireland independence during this time with their first king being Pedro's second son, John.

In the latter years of his reign, Pedro would join the Grand Coalition to fight against the French Empire, ruled by Emperor Louis XIX, in the Bourbon Wars, but Pedro would live to see the outcome as he died in 1822 at the age of 75, living to the same age as his father. He was succeeded by his _____, _____.

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Louis I as Ludwig I, Holy Roman Emperor

[15] Prince Louis was the first of only two sons, the other one being Prince John would later become King of Ireland, of Emperor Pedro I and Queen-Consort Augusta. From a young age, the prince was a spoiled child, notoriously impervious to any form of discipline. Despite the efforts of those around him, he developed into an arrogant and self-centred narcissist. When Pedro died, Louis did not even attend his father’s funeral as he was preoccupied proving to a local nobleman that he could kill ten deer in less than a single afternoon.

The new Emperor was not interested in handling most of the affairs of state, instead, he pursued his own personal ventures, including funding several joint Iberian-Russian expeditions in Alaska, which were highly expensive. Due to the Emperor’s apathy, the general power of the Imperial Parliament increased.

In 1835, Louis was elected as Holy Roman Emperor, though he was accused of bribing several electors. But, after beung pressured by the great powers, Louis abdicated, which was an emense blow to his pride. Three years later, after a relatively unpopular reign died, and an empty imperial treasury, the Emperor died in 1838. He was succeeded by _________________________.

[16] Duarte IV, born Eduard of Tudor-Nassau, was the eldest son of Isabella of Iberia, eldest daughter of Pedro I, and William of Tudor-Nassua, (the house of Tudor-Orange having been formed by an uncle of Catherine I wedding the heiress of the House of Orange).

At the death of Louis I, inheritance of Holy Iberian Empire, and of England and Wales was somewhat disputed. King John of Ireland was definitely interested in the much larger holdings but had sword off the Imperial Inheritance due to Ireland’s desire to remain separate. So, Eduard was suggested.

He was widely know as an upstanding honorable man, faithful to his wife, and he had four sons. But the most important thing was he was very careful with money. All of this made Eduard very attractive as the new Emperor. There was some issue over his current holdings, but in the end his brother John William would gain the holdings of House Tudor-Orange, and Eduard would become the first Emperor of House of Tudor-Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara.

His reign was mostly spent getting the Holy Iberian Empire, and of England and Wales to financial solvency. He would enact laws encouraging trade and would consolidate the debt by combining the debt of the Empire and of England & Wales. Many believe this was the first step to combining the Empire with England, like the Iberian peninsula governments were combined in the 1500s.

But he would die before this was accomplished after contracting a winter cold. He left the throne to ________.

Cate13 · Jun 9, 2021

wwbgdiaslt said:
@Cate13 I thought I was safe just posting lol. If you want me to remove mine, that's okay or if you can make yours fit after mine, that's also cool.

Hey, just saw this. Do you think you could rework your to go after mine? I'm just rather attached to the absurdity of Tudor-Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara.

If not I'll just delete mine and try again later.

TheBeanieBaron · Jun 9, 2021

Cate13 said:
Hey, just saw this. Do you think you could rework your to go after mine? I'm just rather attached to the absurdity of Tudor-Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara.

If not I'll just delete mine and try again later.

I prefer the first idea.

Records · Jun 9, 2021

I claim on the Roman list.

Whiteshore · Jun 9, 2021

I claim on the Roman list after Records is done

Records · Jun 10, 2021

I am dropping my claim as something has occurred in my real life. @Whiteshore, it is your turn, then.

Asharella · Jun 10, 2021

Records said:
I am dropping my claim as something has occurred in my real life. @Whiteshore, it is your turn, then.

You ok?

Records · Jun 10, 2021

Asharella said:
You ok?

Yes, I am okay.

Whiteshore · Jun 10, 2021

POD: Basil II marries and has a son and heir instead of refusing to marry

Monarchs of the Roman Empire
976-1025: Basil II (Macedonian Dynasty)
1025-1055: Alexios I (Macedonian Dynasty) [1]
1055-1079: Romanos III (Macedonian Dynasty) [2]
1079-1082: Alexander II (Macedonian Dynasty) [3]
1082-1150: Constantine IX (Macedonian Dynasty) [4]
1150-1162: Nikephoros III (Macedonian Dynasty) [5]
1162-1189: Constantine X (Macedonian Dynasty) [6]
1189-1195: Alexios II (Macedonian Dynasty) [7]
1195-1217: Basil III (Macedonian Dynasty) [8]
1217-1242: Alexander III (Macedonian Dynasty) [9]
1242-1245: Constantine XI (Macedonian Dynasty) [10]
1245-1262: Alexios III (Petraliphas Dynasty) [11]
1262-1301: Sophia I and Romanos IV (Petraliphas Dynasty) [12]
1301-1319: Nicola I (Aurellanius Dynasty) [13]
1319-1344: John II (Petraliphas Dynasty) [14]
1337-1341: Alexios IV, Co-Emperor (Petraliphas Dynasty)
1344-1371: Vladimir I Porphyrogenitus (Petraliphas Dynasty) [15]
1371-1417: Andronicus I (Petraliphas Dynasty) [16]
1417-1421: Athalrichos I (Athalrichids/Non-Dynastic) [17]
1421-1429: Leopold I and Sophia II (House of Habsburg/Petraliphas Dynasty) [18]
1429-1446: Frederick I (House of Habsburg) [19]
1446-1470: Irene II (House of Habsburg) [20]
1470-1492: Gregory I (House of Tusculum) [21]
1492-1518: Theodore I (House of Tusculm) [22]
1518-1546: Constantine XII (House of Tusculm) [23]
1546-1560: Romanos V (House of Tusculum) [24]

[1] Alexios Macedon, born on March 6, 990 to Basil II and Eudoxia Komnena, would grow up to be a talented and competent man, a worthy heir to his father when he died in 1025 and became the new Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans in the aftermath of his father's death. Alexios I's reign would be marked by a consolidation of his father's conquests during his reign with Alexios, as Emperor, dealing with the rise of the Seljuks and the Normans beginning to arrive in Sicily. While his reign would be considered to be a largely "boring" reign, it was one which provided the Empire with 30 years of stability with his heir, Romanos, having a succession largely uncontested when Alexios I died in 1055 at the age of 65.

[2] Born in 1021, during the reign of his grandfather Emperor Basil II, he was named after his great grandfather, Romanos II, Byzantine Emperor, 959 to 963.
During his education, Romanos attended the University of Constantinople, becoming a student under professor Michael Psellos, who bore the honorary title of "Chief of the Philosophers"

In 1048, Romanos married Anna Bryennios, only daughter of Nikephoros Bryennios, an important Byzantine general and his wife, Anna, who had the rank of kouropalatissa.

Thanks to military support, when Alexios I died in 1055, Romanos was able to succeed the throne with only a distant relative, staging a failed two day rebellion, in Kalavrye, Thrace.

Following the death of Michael I Cerularius in 1059, Romanos elevated his former tutor to the position of Patriarch of Constantinople.

With his father-in-law as commander of the Byzantine army and navy, Romanos was able to concentrate on the finances, keeping taxes as profitable to keep the treasury full but not high enough to cause any revolts.

The efficient navy was able to push the Normans out of Italy while in the Balkans, the army was able to defeat Hungarians who tried invading Belgrade as well as holding back the Seljuk sultan, Alp Arslan from sending skirmishes from Anatolia.

His death in 1079, came following a year of illness. He was succeeded by his son, Alexander.

[3] Alexander, born 1055, was the only surviving son of Emperor Romanos III. Only a few days before he died, his father chose him as his successor. The new emperor was young, handsome, and energetic. However, he suffered from poor health for most of his life, and entrusted the business of governing to his advisors.

In early 1082, he died shortly after putting down a revolt in Greece. He was succeeded by his son, Constantine.

[4] Constantine IX was the older son of Alexander II, being born in 1074 and becoming Emperor at the age of eight. As a result of being a mere child, he would spend the first years of reign under the regency of his mother until 1092, when the Emperor turned 18 and his rule as Emperor actually begun as opposed to being a mere figurehead for his mother. It would turn out his reign as Emperor would be the longest any Roman Emperor to date would have, reigning for 68 years as Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans.

His 68-year reign as Emperor would be marked by a general period of peace and prosperity during his reign as while Constantine would lead the Empire into new heights, his reign would be marked by how he, outside of a few defensive wars, would not wage war during his reign. Instead of military adventures and imperial adventures, Constantine IX would spend his reign patronizing culture, enacting laws, and reforming the Empire's administration with his reign marked by peace and prosperity.

However, all good things must come to an end with Constantine dying at the age of 76, being succeeded by his son, Nikephoros.

[5] Nikephoros (named after his great grandfather, Nikephoros Bryennios) was born in 1098 as the oldest son of Constantine IX. He was taught everything on the military and would marry the daughter of an general. Upon his ascension as Roman Emperor, Nikephoros would join a Crusade which saw the taking of Egypt from the Muslims.

Nikephoros had several children with his wife, and married some of his daughters to the Kings of the Crusader states. He died in 1163, at the age of 64, and was succeeded by his oldest son, Constantine.

[6] Constantine was born in 1125, and was trained to be a military leader like his father and maternal grandfather.
Growing up in his grandfather’s peaceful reign meant that his real military training came only during the few defensive wars on their borders.

It wouldn’t be until turning 25, when his father succeeded his grandfather, that he would get a taste of a proper war, joint the Crusade and enjoyed commanding armies, laying sieges and experiencing victories, securing Crusader states for his future brother-in-laws.

It was during the crusade that Constantine fell in love with Bertrade of Jerusalem, only daughter of Melisende and Fulk of Jerusalem.

At the age of 38, Constantine, would succeed his father, becoming the tenth emperor of his name.
From the marriages of his siblings to seats across the crusader states that bordered the Levantine Sea, Constantine was able to pursue an ambitious economic and foreign policy, using his military support and being the main trade route, he was able to push the minor states to become his vassals, as well as persuading the states to install a Greek Orthodox Patriarch alongside the Roman Catholic Church.

In 1189, at age 65, Constantine X, died from a heart attack. He was succeeded by his son, Alexios.

[7] Emperor Alexios II was a man who was never really suited to be Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans and was the first really bad Emperor the Roman Empire had in a few centuries.

Born in 1151, Alexios II was a man who was spoiled from a young age by his father Constantine, growing up to be a hedonistic prince who was a womanizer. As such, he would prove to be an incompetent and ineffective Emperor who weakened the Empire during his six-year reign, especially as he would prove to be an autocratic tyrant who engaged in many purges during his short but bloody reign of many competent officials.

A conspiracy led by, Basil, who was related to Alexios II through being his younger brother, would overthrow Alexios and name the leader of the conspiracy the new Emperor, but the damage had already been done.

[8] Basil was born in 1153 as the younger brother of Alexios II, and was very different from him with his extravagant ways. Basil was popular with the people and was quite intelligent, being a professor at the University of Constantinople before his reign. He began planning a conspiracy against his brother following his killing of one of his friends, which ended with Alexios being overthroned and Basil becoming the new Roman Emperor.

Basil spent his reign reparing relations with neighboring countries and improving education for the populace. When he died in 1217, the Roman Empire had mostly recovered from the tyrannical rule of Alexios II, but still had to deal with the uprisings by Alexios' son, Justin. Basil was succeeded by his grandson, Alexander.

[9] Prince Alexander was born in 1199 as the grandson of Basil III and would become Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans in 1217 after his father Nicephorus died in 1215 due to the revolt by the so-called Emperor Justin III which Alexander would crush during the early part of his reign.

Alexander III's reign as Emperor would largely be a continuation of his father's reign in how he stabilized the Roman Empire during his reign, even if he focused more on the economy that his father did. He would also try his best to eliminate corruption and bureaucratic inefficiencies that had sprung up during this period, trying to weaken the dynatoi with the Emperor becoming more powerful. However, despite his effective administration of the Empire, Alexander's reign would be overshadowed by how it ended.

Alexander III would die in 1242 in the Second Battle of Manzikert, one of the greatest defeats the Roman Empire had, being killed in the catastrophic defeat the Naiman Khaganate, one of the largest Empires of all time, would unleash on the Empire. The next Emperor, Constantine, would have to deal with the Naimans invading the Empire with the army destroyed and the dynatoi seeking to regain their old privileges.

[10] Constantine was born in 1222 as the heir to Alexander III. He didn't have much knowledge when it came to ruling and military strategy, so when he came Emperor at the age of 20, Constantine was an incapable ruler. He would lead his troops at the Battle of Kayseri against the Naiman Khaganate, only to be killed moments into battle. As Constantine XI had no children or siblings, the dynatoi took this as an opportunity to have a new Emperor who would give back their privileges. Thus they picked Alexios Raoul Petraliphas, as the new Roman Emperor.

[11] Alexios Raoul Petraliphas was Despot of the Morea prior to his coronation as Emperor, and it was certainly not skill for why he was elected. Alexios Petraliphas was the Grandson of Alexios II, via his sole daughter Eudoxia, who married the Morean-born officer; Constantine Petraliphas. Crowned amidst the Naiman Invasion, Alexios turned the rides of the war by emptying his coffers and employing dozens of thousands of mercenaries from the west, such as Spaniards, Franks, and Germans. At the Battle of Datvan, the combined armies of Alexios III defeated the Khaganate.

For much of the remainder of his reign, Alexios steadily tried to remake the exuberant funds lost, but sadly would never succeed. He would however constantly attempt to have his reign seen as a continuation of the Macedonian Dynasty, but alas his paternity was all too well known, and so a new dynasty was born. During his reign, three children were born to him and his Greek-born wife, and he was succeeded by his daughter and son-in-law.

[12] Alexios III's older daughter, Sophia, would become the first Empress of Rhomania since Irene of Athens as her brother Constantine would die in 1261. As a result of this, the 30-year old Sophia would be acclaimed as co-ruler with her husband, the powerful general Romanos Doukas, as the co-Emperor of the Roman Empire after he died in 1262. The two had a hard situation with the dynatoi increasingly powerful, Anatolia still reeling from the Naiman invasion in the 1240s, and the treasury still mostly empty. The couple who would be Rhomania's new rulers would have their work cut out for them during their reign.

Over the 39 years that Empress Sophia would be Empress with her husband by her side, Sophia and Romanos would do their best to stabilize the situation that the Empire had and while the dynatoi were now more powerful than they had been for a long while, their joint rule was marked by a return to relative stability for the Empire. While the Empire was still relatively weak compared to what it was at the height of the Macedonian Dynasty, the Empire was still in stable hands by the time the 39 years ended with Romanos and Sophia dying a few months after each other in 1301. They would be succeeded by their daughter-in-law, following a minor successional war.

[13] Nichola was the daughter and the only surviving child of the successful and influential general Theodore Aurellanius.

In 1274, once she was married to John, who was the second son of Empress Sophia and Emperor Romanos IV, her father gained more influence at the imperial court. In 1276, those who were wary of Theodore’s growing power orchestrated a plot to kill the general, which succeeded. However, those who were responsible were punished by the Empress and Emperor.

When the Empress and Emperor both died, John waged a campaign to ascend to the purple, before his older brother, Manuel, who was purported to be insane, would. But, a few miles from Constantinople, John died from an unknown illness, however, others think that he was poisoned. Nichola continued the march to the imperial capital, reaching the city, crowned Empress, in the name of the deceased John, and prepared the city for a siege from Manuel’s forces.

After more than four months of sieging, Manuel’s army was weak and severely hampered by the spread of disease, Manuel refusing to surrender, ordered a head-on charge, but his soldiers refused to commit such an action. Manuel was killed by contingent of soldiers after threatening to put to death all those who did not carry out his orders.

With the rest of the Empress’ reign relatively peaceful, with the exception of a brief revolt in the Cretan islands, she utilized her time on the throne to promote many cultural developments across the Empire.

In 1319, the Empress died and was succeeded by her only surviving son, John.

[14] John was the son of Empress Nichola Aurellanius and John, making him grandson of Empress Sophia and Emperor Romanos IV.

He was born posthumously in 1301, the year his grandparents and father’s death. His older brothers Romanos and Theodosius would die a few years into their mothers reign.

Growing up as heir, he was taught about his uncle’s militant tyrannical ideology and how good Byzantine’s died because of Manuel’s cruelty.

John would come to resent military and favour men of culture, church and science to be his close advisors, carrying on his mother’s cultural developments.

In 1321, John took as his wife and queen, Eleanor Ivanovna of Moscow, in hopes of uniting the two Orthodox Churches. The pair lived a happily pious life until his death in 1344, when he succumbed to a long illness, that thinned him out and aged him quickly. He was succeeded by his second son; Vladimar Porphyrogenitus.

[15] Born in 1324, shortly after the birth of his elder brother; Alexios (b.1322), and named for his maternal grandfather; Vladimir II of Moscow. Young Vladimir was often thought to be destined for a military career, being placed into the Roman Military at a young age, and becoming a skilled leader of men in battle, while his elder brother; Alexios was crowned as Co-Emperor in 1337, and became a man of politics, and words. Tragedy would strike in 1341, as Alexios IV died, after taking part in one of his brother's military exercises and, being an unskilled rider, fell from his mount and struck the ground and so, the young Vladimir was thrust into the limelight, as the heir of his ailing father, who crowned Vladimir as co-Emperor in 1342.

When John died in 1344, Vladimir would assume the full reigns of government, and almost immediately sought a military victory to cement his rule, and led a full campaign to the north East Balkans, and led stunning victory after victory. In 1352, the Campaign was declared complete with Roman Rule being pushed through Dacia and to the western banks of the Dnieper, and Crimea was fully annexed. The second half of his reign capitalised on his father's cultural pursuits, by building great Port-Cities along the coast.of the Black Sea, as well as encouraging Science, philosophy, and the arts. In 1353, he took a wife; Isabel of France, a Capetian princess, and had many children with her before his death in 1371. He was succeeded by Andronicus I

[16] Prince Andronicus was born in 1355 as the oldest son of Emperor Vladimir I and his wife Isabel and would grow up to become an intelligent and capable young man, a worthy successor to his father as Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans when his father died in 1371. The reign of Andronicus could be summed up as a quiet consolidation of his father's claims.

While Andronicus I would, much like his father, become an effective and capable ruler, he would be a ruler who would be more like his grandfather than his father in how he sought to rule as an Emperor of a peaceful and prosperous Empire and promoted a golden age of culture within Rhomania during his reign, with the promotion of the Orthodox Church seeing Lithuania convert to Orthodoxy in his reign. In addition, he would also carry out a reform of the administration of Rhomania during his reign as well. While he would be a ruler who would largely rule in peace, his last years would see trouble brewing with Persia resurgent and the Haemus (OTL Balkans) increasingly unstable due to the rise of Hungary.

In his personal life, he would marry a daughter of the King of Bohemia in 1372 and died in 1417 from a stroke, being succeeded by Athalrichos, a peasent-born member of the Guard.

[17] Athalrichos' origins are largely unknown, aside from the fact of his birth on Crete and his father herded goats, details largely scraped from his own memoirs and notes. With the childless death of Andronicus, the Palatial Guard maintained the veil of information, while refusing access or leave to any entering or leaving the Palace, while the corrupt officers and captains effectively drew lots. Athalrichos, a lowly captain, won, and so was crowned Emperor. While he was the man upon the throne, the superior ranking officers were very much the power behind the throne. The unstable condition in the Balkans slowly simmered, with Hungary rising and even pushing further along the Danube, to which Athalrichos was unsure and unready to react. It was this slowness that caused his downfall as the cabal of generals and officers removed Athalrichos and had him beaten and drowned. He was succeeded by Prince Leopold of Hungary.

[18] Leopold was born in 1370, a member of the Hungarian branch of the powerful and rich Habsburg family.
Leopold was able to make a name for himself, by becoming a renowned military general in Hungary and named Duke of Lower Hungary.

In 1385, Leopold married Sophia, the youngest child and daughter of Emperor Vladimir I of Byzantine and Isabel of France, being blessed with a child in their first year, followed by more.

In 1417, when Sophia’s brother, Andronicus died, Leopold was shocked to find that rather than using one of the siblings, the Palatial Guard, corruptly crowned a peasant.

Angered by this, Leopold raised an army and began pushing further along the Danube, when news of the generals and officers removing Athalrichos and having him beaten and drowned, Leopold moved his army, which had now recruited more soldiers from disgruntled Byzantine men, down towards Constantinople.
Outnumbered and unprepared, the city fell quickly, with Leopold named the new Emperor, along with his wife, Sophia.
Leopold put all the disgraced generals to death for their crimes against the country and bring into the palace Sophia’s family members to live in harmony.
The pair would rule happily together, having additional children and presided over a time of peace. Following his victory in Constantinople, Leopold’s health began to decline following years of hardship, he would die in 1429, a few months before the eight-year anniversary.
Sophia would step down, in support of their successor Frederick.

[19] Frederick, born the first son of Emperor Leopold I and Sophia II, in 1385. Instead of being a military man, Frederick was a capable administrator. In 1421, his father tasked him with administrating the Duchy of Lower Hungary for him, which he did until the Emperor’s death in 1429. And, with the abdication of his mother, Frederick became the Roman Emperor.

During his time as Emperor, Frederick spent his time improving the administration of Roman provinces, especially the system of taxation. He also attempted to crackdown on corruption, however, his efforts largely failed and were the cause of many assassination attempts.

Frederick died peacfully in his sleep in 1446. As the Emperor did not have children from his marriage, he was succeeded by his niece, Irene.

[20] Princess Irene was the niece of Emperor Frederick and was born in 1422 to his younger brother Ludwig, being his only child to survive childhood and thus being groomed by Frederick to become the heir to the Roman Empire as Frederick's wife didn't have any children with his wife's pregnancies ending in miscarriages or children who died in infancy. After Frederick died in 1446, Princess Irene was acclaimed as the Empress of the Romans in Constantinople, even if a coup by powerful dynatoi who opposed her uncle's anti-corruption attempts would mark her early reign.

Empress Irene's reign as Empress would be marked by Rhomania reaching a new golden age of prosperity with the Silk Road becoming something that the Empire of Rhomania grew wealthy from. However, this new-found wealth would result in the Age of Exploration with how Al-Andalusi merchants who didn't like Rhomanian trade practices would lead to a desire to seek new routes, even if Qurtubah's attention was as much fixed on the Christian kingdoms of the North. Irene's reign would also see a start of the Empire becoming one of the big "gunpowder empires" of the early modern era as the reformed tagmata, for its time, was a force with many gunpowder weapons with a tenth of all troops having gunpowder weapons.

Empress Irene in her personal life would also be a woman known for her patronage of the arts and scholarship, promoting the University of Constantinople and patronizing artists in the Empire. She would also marry the son of a powerful nobleman in an olive branch to the nobility with the two having a happy and productive marriage. In 1470, she would die after falling off her horse in a hunting accident with her successor being a distant cousin.

[21] Despite a productive marriage, none of Irene's children would survive her and so, the Throne of the Empire came to another descendent of Leopold; Gregory of Tusculum. The oldest daughter of Leopold and Sophia; Maria Felicitas had been married to Emmanuel II, the Duke of Savoy and had managed to give her husband a son and a daughter before her early death in 1409, and her son was Duke of Savoy as Emmanuel III between 1420 and his childless death in 1442. The daughter; Theophania, was also married to a strong Italian family; the Counts of Tusculum, where she gave birth to many children, most notably; count Tolomeo VI, count Albaric IV, Pope Felix VIII, Pope Adrian VI, and her youngest son; Gregory.

By 1465, the Family Compact between the three surviving sons, Albaric, Felix, and Gregory, determined that Gregory would inherit whatever claims and inheritance his mother brought into the dynasty, while Albaric would inherit the Family lands and Felix would bring whatever wealth he could to the Comital line of the family. No body expected Gregory to inherit much, as the Byzantine Hapsburg appeared strong and stable, but in 1468; the last child of Irene and her husband had died, thrusting Gregory into the position of heir.

With the death of Irene two years later, Gregory was crowned in Constantinople the following month, before bringing his wife and Children to his empire. Gregory 's main goals during his reign were to combat the corruption and nepotism of the Dynatoi; Irony at it's finest, as the Tusculum were a family forged through both acts. He led a largely peaceful reign, and in 1492, passed the throne to his son, Theodore.

[22] Theodore was born in 1458, before his father Gregory became Roman Emperor and was just an member of the Tusculms. He had a education fit more for an Italian noble then an future emperor. That all changed when his father became Emperor of Rhomania in 1470, and so Theodore became heir to the Roman Empire at the age of 12. Over the next 22 years, Theodore would learn anything he can on the politics and cultures of the Romans, even marring an Roman woman, who would give him six children.

In 1492, Theodore's father Gregory died at the age of 52, making him the new Emperor. A few years into his reign, Theodore heard news about a new landmass being discovered by Al-Andalusi explorers, which they called Ealam Jadid (meaning "new world" in Arabic). He then sent ships across the ocean to set up colonies in Ealam Jadid, with the first being founded in 1498 with the name of New Rhomania.

Besides the creation of Colonies in the New World, Theodore focused on patronage of the arts and education, and continuing to combat the corruption of the Dynatoi. He would die in 1518 at the age of 60, being succeeded by his son, Constantine.

[23] Born in 1485, the new Prince born to Crown Prince Theodore, was named after Constantine the Great, the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity and moved the seat of the empire to Byzantium, renamed Constantinople in his honour; the name was chosen by Theodore’s wife to make the new family feel connected to the heritage of the Byzantine empire.
In 1506, Constantine married Augusta Notaras, daughter of General Augustus Notaras, descended from a Greek family originally from Monemvasia.

Constantine would succeed his father at the age of 33. During his reign, he would see the rise of Protestantism sweep across Europe, while Islam was spreading across the ocean to Ealam Jadid.
Carrying on his father’s colonisation of the New World, Constantine would encourage more Roman Orthodox Christians to travel and settle to Nova Rhomania.
Constantine would also setting up the “Knights of Constantine” a religious order that brought noble sons to become soldiers of Christ, given the responsibility of prosecuting individuals and groups of individuals accused of a wide array of crimes relating to religious doctrine, alternative religious doctrine and beliefs.
He died in his sleep, aged 61 years old and was succeeded by ________.

[24]

Prince Romanos was born on May 5, 1511 and would acceed to the throne at the age of 37 after the death of his father. As heir to the throne, Prince Romanos would prove to be a competent and capable Prince who would be a fitting heir to the throne after his father's death in 1548.

As Emperor, Romanos would be an effective and stable ruler, even if his reign was not one marked by any great achievements or disasters that would mar his reign with his reign being viewed by many historians as a continuation of his father's policies, even if he was less religiously devoted than his father with his reign being seen as an era of stability.

In his personal life, Prince Romanos would marry Eudoxia Komnenos in 1535 and would die at the age of 49 from syphilis, succeeded by _________.

wwbgdiaslt · Jun 10, 2021

What if John, Prince of Asturias, lived?

Monarchs of Castile
1474-1504: Isabella I (House of Trastamara)
1504-1518: John III (House of Trastamara) [1]

Monarchs of Castile and Aragon
1518-1521: John III (House of Trastamara) [1]

Monarchs of Castile, Aragon and Navarre
1521-1525: John III and IV (House of Trastamara) [1]
1525-1545: Ferdinand I, III and V (House of Trastamara) [2]
1545-1565: John IV and V (House of Trastamara) [3]

Monarchs of Castile, Aragon, Navarre and Portugal
1565-1576: John IV, V and III (House of Trastamara) [3]
1576-1578: Miguel II and I (House of Trastamara) [4]

Monarchs of the Holy Iberian Empire
1578-1593: Miguel I (House of Trastamara) [4]
1593-1602: Felix I (House of Trastamara) [5]
1602-1634: Duarte I "the Unexpected" (House of Trastamara) [6]

Monarchs of the Holy Iberian Empire, and of England, Ireland and Wales

1634-1654: Leo I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [7]
1654-1701: Duarte II (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [8]
1701-1714: Duarte III (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [9]
1714-1723: Gabriel I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [10]
1723-1732: Felix II (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [11]
1732-1745: John I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [12]
1745-1790: Alfonso I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [13]
1790-1801: Pedro I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [14]

Monarchs of the Holy Iberian Empire, and of England and Wales
1801-1822: Pedro I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [14]
1822-1835: Louis I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [15]

Monarchs of the Holy Iberian Empire, and of England and Wales, and the Holy Roman Empire
1835-1835: Louis I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [15]

Monarchs of the Holy Iberian Empire, and of England and Wales
1835-1838: Louis I (House of Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [15]
1838-1847: Duarte IV (House of Tudor-Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [16]
1847-1866: Patricio I (House of Tudor-Tudor-Trastamara-Trastamara) [17]