The Empire Strikes Back: Part II
Indian soldiers in Persia (1940)
The loss of Canada was a crippling blow to the British Empire in several ways. There was of course the effect on morale and prestige within the Empire, as the loss of an integral and ancient part of the Empire deeply concerned people throughout the country. On a more practical level, the loss of Albertan oil crippled the Imperial war effort. Canada was the single largest producer of oil within the GIA bloc, and the loss of the nation's oilfields threatened to strangle the whole war effort. Indonesia also had oil, but it alone wasn't enough to sustain the whole Alliance, and buying from the Soviets wasn't exactly their favorite thing to do. To compensate the British would invade German territory on multiple fronts, attacking the Middle East via Egypt, and Germany's Persian allies via India, in an effort to secure the oil reserves of those territories and keep the war effort sustainable over the long run. These efforts wouldn't be as successful as they needed to be, and many people mark this as the beginning of the somewhat drawn out collapse of the GIA.
On July 17th of 1940, the British launched simultaneous attacks against German Arabia and German aligned Persia. Between the two efforts, approximately 1 million men were thrown into battle. The Germans had expected such a maneuver at some point, and were thus well prepared. Persia's border with India had been heavily fortified by both Berlin and the Shah, and they managed to hold up the large (700,000 strong) invasion force for three weeks before retreating. The next two years would be spent in a grueling guerilla and conventional war that ground down German forces, the Raj, and the Shah's grip on power, while Britain remained unable to seize most of the country's oil. The Invasion of Persia would be one of the bloodiest conflicts of the war, slaughtering over 1 million Indian sepoys, destroying entire communities in Persia, and putting real strain on German forces in the region. The mountainous north of the country would essentially fall into anarchy in the Spring of '41, as all parties involved were much more concerned with the oilfields of the south than anything else, and the Persian government lost the capacity to effectively govern its own country outside of the core of the country.
The Soviet Union stepped into the breach in the north in May of '41, backing a hitherto unknown group known as the Persian Imperial Communist Movement. The Movement was Marxist in its economics, secular in its religiosity, and ultra-nationalist in its politics. The group had less than 1,000 members at the start of the war in Persia, concentrated in the North near the USSR. However, as the north fell into anarchy, Stalin saw an opportunity to expand the Soviet Union's influence. He gave thousands of tons worth of food, clothes, and medicine to the PICM, as well as thousands of guns, hundreds of artillery pieces, and millions of rounds of ammo. Overnight, the PICM became the de facto government of the region, and its ranks would swell to over 2 million. 100,000 Soviet troops entered the north under the guise of humanitarian intervention, and upon being met with indifference, began pushing their allies to seize the country. The leader of the PICM, Xerxes Araki, was hesitant to do so for fear of giving the British an advantage over the south of the country. To counteract this concern, Stalin cut a deal with the warlords of Afghanistan: they would receive silent Soviet support if they stirred up rebellion in the Muslim majority north of the Raj, and harassed British troops in India and Persia. Once heavily bribed, they agreed, and were remarkably successful in doing so. Swift attacks on already fragile supply lines resulted in thousands of troops going without food and ammo for weeks, killing thousands. Moreover, after sparking dozens of riots in the region, the Muslim majority north of India blew up in rebellion on the last day of Ramadan, 1942, after members of the Aryan Empire League attempted to disrupt celebrations. This made continued operations in Persia untenable, and the sepoys rushed home to try and keep the crumbling Raj in one piece.
With the British expelled from Persia, the Soviets and their allies struck south at the end of October, 1942. The Germans, devoted to keeping Arabia under control and genuinely exhausted in Persia, pulled out of the region after some embarrassing defeats. The Shah and his family were deported to German Arabia upon their capture in December. On January 1st, 1943, The Socialist National State of Persia was declared, and Iran became the first Communist state outside of Russia. Clerics, businessmen, and foreign adventurers were rounded up and executed, while the oil fields were nationalized. In Moscow, Stalin boasted "
The Tsars said that the Russian soldiers would one day wash their boots in the Indian Ocean. I actually made it happen." With this seizure of Iran, the Soviets also maintained their de facto monopoly on the oil supply of the GIA, for which they increasingly price gouged them. The Eurasian Soviet Working Man marched on, proving to the world that he once again helmed a global superpower.
The Middle East was less disastrous for both sides, which says very little. The initial British invasion of 200,000 men from the Dominions was bolstered by their willingness to boost radical Islamic elements in German Arabia, which had experienced radicalization and growth under German rule. The Germans had a sturdy garrison in the region, but were overwhelmed in the first months of fighting. During the first six months, the British were able to extract tens of millions of barrels of oil, greatly shoring up the war effort. However, the Germans would soon counterpunch, with help from a new army of 250,000 composed predominantly of Kurds and Assyrians. The Kurds and Assyrians would be invaluable to keeping German control over Iraq and Syria, which also dealt with British invasions and fundamentalist rebellions. In fact, Assyrian general Naramsin Younan would be the strategic genius behind the tank wars that would result in Britain being pushed out of Arabia in the Spring of '42, and would soon use these tactics to push into Egypt in '43. Egypt would fall by September of '43, thanks to native indifference to British rule. The end result of the collaboration between the Kurds, Assyrians, and Germans was a move that would occur after the war, in both the Middle East and Africa. On June 16th, 1944, the German government announced the creation of the Kurdish and Assyrian Martial States within her Middle Eastern empire. In return for remaining obedient to German foreign policy and providing armies to secure the rest of the territory, the Kurds and Assyrians would have a high degree of internal autonomy. The empire was evolving.
The Flag of the Socialist National State of Iran
Kurdish fighters in German Arabia (1942)
The Flag of the Assyrian Martial State
The flag of the Kurdish Martial State