Hijo Catholico v2

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Hijo Catolico

The birth of the male heir for the Catholic Monarchs

When Henry recognised Isabella as his heir-presumptive on 19 September 1468, he also promised that his sister should not be compelled to marry against her will, while she in return agreed to obtain his consent. It seemed that finally the years of failed attempts at political marriages were over. There was talk of a marriage to Edward IV of England or to one of his brothers, probably Richard, Duke of Gloucester, but this alliance was never seriously considered. Once again in 1468, a marriage proposal arrived from Alfonso V of Portugal. Going against his promises made in September, Henry tried to make the marriage a reality. If Isabella married Alfonso, Henry's daughter Joanna would marry Alfonso's son John II and thus, after the death of the old king, John and Joanna could inherit Portugal and Castile. Isabella refused and made a secret promise to marry her cousin and very first betrothed, Ferdinand of Aragon.

After this failed attempt, Henry once again went against his promises and tried to marry Isabella to Louis XI's brother Charles, Duke of Berry. In Henry's eyes, this alliance would cement the friendship of Castile and France as well as remove Isabella from Castilian affairs. Isabella once again refused the proposal. Meanwhile, John II of Aragon negotiated in secret with Isabella a wedding to his son Ferdinand.

On 18 October 1469, the formal betrothal took place. Because Isabella and Ferdinand were second cousins, they stood within the prohibited degrees of consanguinity and the marriage would not be legal unless a dispensation from the Pope was obtained. With the help of the Valencian Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia (later Alexander VI), Isabella and Ferdinand were presented with a supposed papal bull by Pius II (who had died in 1464), authorising Ferdinand to marry within the third degree of consanguinity, making their marriage legal. Afraid of opposition, Isabella eloped from the court of Henry with the excuse of visiting her brother Alfonso's tomb in Ávila. Ferdinand, on the other hand, crossed Castile in secret disguised as a servant. They were married immediately upon reuniting, on 19 October 1469, in the Palacio de los Vivero in the city of Valladolid.

On Palencia on October 2, 1470, Isabella of Castile would give birth to a son, she would name as Alfonso, she would name after her own dead brother, the birth of a son would mean that Isabella of Castile would have a male heir on her own claims to Castile, a betrothal would be considered for his cousin, the future Juana I of Castile who is already betrothed to Charles, duke of Guiene.

 

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Margaret of Anjou

Margaret was determined to win back her son's inheritance and fled with him into Wales and later Scotland. Finding her way to France, she made an ally of her cousin, King Louis XI of France, and at his instigation she allowed an approach from Edward's former supporter, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, who had fallen out with his former friend as a result of Edward's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, and was now seeking revenge for the loss of his political influence. Warwick's daughter, Anne Neville, was betrothed to Margaret's son Edward, Prince of Wales, in order to cement the alliance, and Margaret insisted that Warwick return to England to prove himself before she followed. He did so, restoring Henry VI briefly to the throne on 3 October 1470.

Before Margaret, her son and her son's fiance (Anne) would be able to go to England, the tables had again turned in favour of the Yorkists, and the Earl was defeated and killed by the returning King Edward IV in the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471 and Margaret would nullify the betrothal of Anne Neville and her son, Edward the Lancastrian Prince of Wales would be married instead to Marie of Orleans, the daughter of the Duke of Orleans and the two were granted the Duchy of Gascony and the two would have a single surviving son named Henry(May 10, 1476) who would be the lancastrian heir.

Edward IV would be pleased at the development and even betrothed his own daughter, Elizabeth to the Dauphin in order to prevent Louis XI from supporting the Lacastrian claimant.

 

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Treaty of Picquigny

The negotiations led to an agreement signed on 29 August 1475. The two kings agreed to a seven-year truce and free-trade between the two countries. Louis XI was to pay Edward IV 75,000 crowns upfront, essentially a bribe to return to England and not take up arms to pursue his claim to the French throne. He would then receive a yearly pension thereafter of 50,000 crowns. Also the King of France was not to support the Lancastrian Claimants in the Continent.

Other provisions of the treaty were that if either king experienced a rebellion, the other would provide military support to defeat it. Edward's daughter Elizabeth of York was to marry the Dauphin Charles when she came of age. The English claim to the French throne was to be subject to arbitration along with other disagreements between the monarchs. A committee should meet annually to discuss the issues and their conclusions should be binding. It was to comprise the archbishops of Canterbury and Lyons, Edward's brother George, the Duke of Clarence, and Louis, Count of Dunois.

In addition to the king, his leading advisors also received pensions from the French. Thomas Rotherham the chancellor had 1,000 crowns a year. John Morton had 600 crowns, and Sir John Howard and Sir Thomas Montgomery 1,200 each. William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings, who had been the chief advocate for the treaty, was to receive 2,000 crowns a year.

 

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Children gained a Child who leaves

On December 2, 1471, Margaret of York would celebrate the birth of twins named Philip and Isabella and Philip is now at this point it the heir of the of the Burgundian inheritance is now Philip not Mary the Rich who has her prestige as a bride in the marriage market was lessened.

On December 1473, Charles the Bold would arrange a marriage between his daughter, Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian the Future Holy Roman Emperor with the County of Luxembourg as her own dowry, the marriage would be attended by Louis XI, Emperor Frederick III and Charles the Bold himself, Frederick III would promise Charles the Bold of Protection against the French after the marriage and prevent his realm from being conquered by the French, however, the Austrians at that time would have troubles in Hungary and the Dowry of Mary of Burgundy would be used in defending Austria against Hunyadi and successors as Mathias Corvinus is currently occupying parts of Austria, in exchange of the wedding would be the recognition of Burgundy as separate from France and in equal prestige as France, sometime after the wedding.

On December 1473, Maximilian and Frederick III would arrive in Ghent for the marriage with Mary of Burgundy, when they arrived the wedding with Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian which was also attended by Louis XI and Charles the Bold would happen which was attended by the monarchs and nobles of France and the Holy Roman Empire The festivities were prolonged by a further two months after the wedding in February 1474, Maximilian and Mary would leave with Emperor Frederick III.

After her husband became Emperor she would be known Empress Maria as she is known would provide Maximilian with three daughters, namely Elizabeth(January 4, 1476), Margaret(1480) and Eleanor(June 2, 1486) and two sons, namely Frederick (July 22, 1478) and Franz(September 2, 1481).