Given how hard Maria Theresa worked to regain Silesia after its loss, I can't imagine she'd simply write off her family's imperial crown. She's going to be going at it until she's in the grave, and since the OP supposes no further territorial losses she may yet have the power to do it.
Regardless of what happens, Charles Albert won't be emperor for long. He was only in his 40s when elected, but he was in awful health. He had crippling gout, kidney stones, and before his death complained of constant indigestion and shortness of breath. An autopsy after his death showed lesions on most of his internal organs, including his lungs, heart, and liver. There's no way this guy makes it to 50. So we're necessarily looking at the reign of Emperor Maximilian III, Charles Albert's son, who was a decent guy but rather weak and vacillating when it came to politics. Particularly since the OP's conditions don't grant Bavaria any additional land, a French-dominated imperial court seems inevitable under Max III; perpetually bankrupt Bavaria doesn't have the cash to win an imperial election nor the troops to fend off Austria on its own, so Max only wins and keeps his crown if France is backing him to the hilt. In 1741-42, France's argument (conveyed by Belle-Isle) to the German electors was that it was better for Germany to elect a real German like Charles Albert over that French princeling Francis Stephen, but this is going to be a tougher sell after it becomes evident that Charles Albert's "reign" was basically the Louis XV Puppet Show.
If Max III manages to get it, IMO Maria Theresa's obsession over lost Silesia is going to be nothing compared to her anger at being robbed of the imperial crown; but then again the Austrians can't take back an elected crown like they can reconquer a province, and thus in the short term I expect Silesia is still going to be a bone of contention. A French-backed Bavarian imperial court, however, makes a Franco-Austrian alliance pretty much impossible, so the "diplomatic revolution" is probably averted. This makes a new offensive against Prussia much harder for Austria, since Britain still presumably wants to cozy up to Prussia but Austria doesn't have the option to defect to France as they did IOTL. No doubt Austria, Saxony, and Russia would still be interested in an anti-Prussia coalition, but there's no way Britain supports Prussia against those allies as long as Austria remains the key bulwark against the French-dominated HRE.
So here's some scenarios off the top of my head:
1. Boring Europe. Austria fears to attack Prussia without British support and buries the hatchet with Spain as IOTL. Europe remains in an uneasy peace until Max III dies, but he could easily avoid his OTL smallpox death ITTL and outlive Maria Theresa, who is older than him. France and Britain, however, still have their foreign disputes, so we likely see a colonial war unfold in America and India without a large European component (aside, perhaps, from some invasion scares and the British screwing around with amphibious operations).
2. The Prussia Stomp. Austria, Saxony, Russia, and maybe Sweden or something gang up on Prussia. Britain sits this one out, but so does France, because a) Frederick is a faithless bastard and b) Britain warns the French that they'll join in on Austria's side if France intervenes. Either Frederick pulls a miracle out of his pants even greater than his OTL miracle (since now he doesn't even have British subsidies to count on), or he gets crushed, which quite frankly is what the man deserves. Alternatively, France joins anyway and Britain shortly thereafter, and it's pretty much "War of the Austrian Succession Part II" except this time the Russians actually do something.
3. Britain's Fantasy League. Maria Theresa hates that Frederick guy but she hates the Bavarians having the imperial crown even more, and thus the British achieve their dearest dream of patching up things between Prussia and Austria (at least for now) and stitching together an anti-French alliance of Austria, Britain, Prussia, and maybe Saxony. Either the Austrians force the election of their guy after the death of Max III and the French accept it, or they don't accept it and war ensues between France along with the Bavarian-led HRE (so basically just France then) against the great anti-French alliance. Notwithstanding a Spanish-Austrian peace in Italy, Spain may feel obliged to join in if France starts getting its ass handed to it too hard. The French can hold their own but I suspect the likely result here is Austria getting the empire back. On the other hand, Frederick might betray Austria if France starts losing too hard, since he would naturally fear that a victorious Austria would turn on him next, and because "Dolchstoß" is Frederick's middle name.
4. The Comedy Option. I don't know the source exactly, but in Reed Browning's book on the WoAS he mentioned that after the death of Charles Albert one of d'Argenson's stranger ideas was that since the French had no good candidate to run against the Austrians maybe they could compromise and make nobody emperor, and the HRE would become some kind of federal feudal republic. Okay, this is never going to happen, but it would certainly be funny, wouldn't it?
