Yes, that's why I triggered Germanic migrations into Bohemia, Moravia, Pannonia (Avaria) and Transylvania. ITTL these regions would be, though mixed, of Germanic majority.
Chronology: Reconstruction of the Roman Empire under the Carolingian dynasty
- Thread starter Mario
- Start date
Yes, that's why I triggered Germanic migrations into Bohemia, Moravia, Pannonia (Avaria) and Transylvania. ITTL these regions would be, though mixed, of Germanic majority.
Decade of 860s
860: The Obodrites move eastwards up to west Pomerania, following a decrease of Danish raids in the area. Saxony expands gradually through the former Obodrite lands, but without reaching Rügen.
861: Carloman of Gothia conquers the city of Sagunto. The Byzantines are defeated by the Arabs in Cilicia.
862: Tragic defeat of the Mercian-Wessex alliance against the Danes in southern Britain. The Danes occupy the isle of Wight.
863: Serb Uprising against a weakened Byzantine Empire: independence of the Tsardom of Serbia.
864: The Danes raid the Cotentin peninsula. The Serbs attack the duchy of Croatia.
865: The Saxons defeat a Danish expedition near the outskirts of Hamburg. The Danes abandon the easternmost part of Frisia; new Danish migrations to Britain.
866: Serbia incorporates parts of Croatia after a treaty of peace between Bernard II and Vladimir of Serbia. Byzantium also recognizes the new state.
867: Civil war in Wessex: the Danes support Danish-English noble Ecberth as the new king of Wessex. The kingdom becomes a sort of vassal of the British Danes.
868: Death of Louis of Saxony. His son Louis II is crowned King while he is campaigning in Jutland.
869: The Caliphate attacks the Byzantine Aepyrus from Italy. Bernard II finishes the truce with the Arabs and resumes the military campaigns in southern Italy.
860: The Obodrites move eastwards up to west Pomerania, following a decrease of Danish raids in the area. Saxony expands gradually through the former Obodrite lands, but without reaching Rügen.
861: Carloman of Gothia conquers the city of Sagunto. The Byzantines are defeated by the Arabs in Cilicia.
862: Tragic defeat of the Mercian-Wessex alliance against the Danes in southern Britain. The Danes occupy the isle of Wight.
863: Serb Uprising against a weakened Byzantine Empire: independence of the Tsardom of Serbia.
864: The Danes raid the Cotentin peninsula. The Serbs attack the duchy of Croatia.
865: The Saxons defeat a Danish expedition near the outskirts of Hamburg. The Danes abandon the easternmost part of Frisia; new Danish migrations to Britain.
866: Serbia incorporates parts of Croatia after a treaty of peace between Bernard II and Vladimir of Serbia. Byzantium also recognizes the new state.
867: Civil war in Wessex: the Danes support Danish-English noble Ecberth as the new king of Wessex. The kingdom becomes a sort of vassal of the British Danes.
868: Death of Louis of Saxony. His son Louis II is crowned King while he is campaigning in Jutland.
869: The Caliphate attacks the Byzantine Aepyrus from Italy. Bernard II finishes the truce with the Arabs and resumes the military campaigns in southern Italy.
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Decade of 870s
870: Carloman of Gothia fails to besiege the city of Valencia, but conquers many villages north of it.
871: The Danes consolidate its dominion over the Cotentin peninsula, as well as in the southern parts of Britain. Meanwhile, most of Jutland is abandoned and occupied by the Saxons.
872: The Sicilian Arabs attack Naples but fail to conquer the city. The Byzantines defeat a large Arab army which tried to reach the Aepyrus.
873: The Bulgars defeat the Magyars in the Dniester valley. The Obodrites constitute the first Principality of Rania, with capital in the island of Rügen.
874: Death of Bernard II. His son, Bernard III is crowned Emperor in Pavia. New truce with the Arabs in southern Italy.
875: Silesian chief Jaroslaw manages to reunite all Silesian Slavic tribes under his rule.
876: Assassination of King Ecberth: new civil war between anti-Danish and pro-Danish factions in Wessex.
877: Death of Carloman of Gothia. His son Carloman II is crowned King. The Arab Caliphate conquers the Byzantine city of Iconium.
878: The Byzantines raid Saracen Apulia, but fail to expell the Arabs from the coast.
879: First conflict between the duke of Vasconia and the King of Asturias over the dominion of Biscaye.
870: Carloman of Gothia fails to besiege the city of Valencia, but conquers many villages north of it.
871: The Danes consolidate its dominion over the Cotentin peninsula, as well as in the southern parts of Britain. Meanwhile, most of Jutland is abandoned and occupied by the Saxons.
872: The Sicilian Arabs attack Naples but fail to conquer the city. The Byzantines defeat a large Arab army which tried to reach the Aepyrus.
873: The Bulgars defeat the Magyars in the Dniester valley. The Obodrites constitute the first Principality of Rania, with capital in the island of Rügen.
874: Death of Bernard II. His son, Bernard III is crowned Emperor in Pavia. New truce with the Arabs in southern Italy.
875: Silesian chief Jaroslaw manages to reunite all Silesian Slavic tribes under his rule.
876: Assassination of King Ecberth: new civil war between anti-Danish and pro-Danish factions in Wessex.
877: Death of Carloman of Gothia. His son Carloman II is crowned King. The Arab Caliphate conquers the Byzantine city of Iconium.
878: The Byzantines raid Saracen Apulia, but fail to expell the Arabs from the coast.
879: First conflict between the duke of Vasconia and the King of Asturias over the dominion of Biscaye.
Decade of 880s
880: The Serbs expand their Kingdom southwards after the Byzantines have to rellocate most of their military forces from the Balkans to Anatolia, in order to stop the advances of the Arabs there.
881: A military alliance of anti-Danish Wessex factions and Mercia is defeated in Middlessex. The Danes start the final conquest of these two Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
882: Jaroslaw of Silesia and his noblemen convert to Christianism. He accepts the overlordship of Emperor Bernard III in exchange of protection against the Pagan Slavs. Thus, Silesia becomes the third semi-independent Kingdom under Imperial overlordship, along with Saxony and Gothia.
883: The Magyars push the Bulgars to advance south of the Danube, with little Byzantine opposition.
884: The remaining Danes in Jutland and Frisia evacuate these lands in order to settle in the new Danish Kingdom of Great Britain. Thus, Saxony completes the annexation of Jutland and recovers control over Frisia.
885: Rise of the Kingdom of Norway, which controls the western Danish realms disconnected from the new Danish powerhouse in Britain.
886: Creation of the first regular Diet in Pavia. The Emperor creates new duchies by splitting Burgundy, Avaria, Moravia, Bavaria and the Middle Francia.
887: After an internal uprising, the Saracens of Sicily achieve independence from the Caliphate, creating the free Emirate of Sicily. However, they lose control over Apulia, which is recovered by the Empire with Byzantine assistance.
888: The Danes, assisted from Britain, expand their dominions through West Francia, but they are defeated when trying to reach the city of Paris.
889: The Saxons conquer Rania after a brief war. Louis II of Saxony reaches his top in territorial power.
880: The Serbs expand their Kingdom southwards after the Byzantines have to rellocate most of their military forces from the Balkans to Anatolia, in order to stop the advances of the Arabs there.
881: A military alliance of anti-Danish Wessex factions and Mercia is defeated in Middlessex. The Danes start the final conquest of these two Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
882: Jaroslaw of Silesia and his noblemen convert to Christianism. He accepts the overlordship of Emperor Bernard III in exchange of protection against the Pagan Slavs. Thus, Silesia becomes the third semi-independent Kingdom under Imperial overlordship, along with Saxony and Gothia.
883: The Magyars push the Bulgars to advance south of the Danube, with little Byzantine opposition.
884: The remaining Danes in Jutland and Frisia evacuate these lands in order to settle in the new Danish Kingdom of Great Britain. Thus, Saxony completes the annexation of Jutland and recovers control over Frisia.
885: Rise of the Kingdom of Norway, which controls the western Danish realms disconnected from the new Danish powerhouse in Britain.
886: Creation of the first regular Diet in Pavia. The Emperor creates new duchies by splitting Burgundy, Avaria, Moravia, Bavaria and the Middle Francia.
887: After an internal uprising, the Saracens of Sicily achieve independence from the Caliphate, creating the free Emirate of Sicily. However, they lose control over Apulia, which is recovered by the Empire with Byzantine assistance.
888: The Danes, assisted from Britain, expand their dominions through West Francia, but they are defeated when trying to reach the city of Paris.
889: The Saxons conquer Rania after a brief war. Louis II of Saxony reaches his top in territorial power.
Mmm no, too stereotypical for this forum
Anyway, after Charlemagne I found difficult that an eventual merge East-West would endure...
Decade of 890s
890: Creation of the First Magyar Empire in the Dniester-Dnieper area. The Bulgars move even more southwards and set their new capital in Varna.
891: The Goths finally capture the city of Valencia, but in the north they lose control over most of Septimania.
892: Death of Louis II of Saxony. His son Henry is crowned new King. The Empire creates a new duchy in Lusatia to control and convert the Sorbians, with the help of Silesia.
893: The Danes start the conquest of Brittany. Septimania secedes from Gothia (excepting the county of Roussillon) and becomes a new Imperial duchy.
894: The conquest of all Lusatia is completed. All the Slavic elites west of Poland accept Nicene Christianism as their own faith.
895: The Empire defeats the Magyars in a huge battle in New Saxony. End of the expansion of the Magyars to the West.
896: Following the example of Sicily, diverse Saracen entities achieve their independence in the Magreb area. The Emirate of Tunis is proclaimed that year.
897: The collapse of the Caliphate in the West gives a rest to Byzantium in Anatolia. Iconium is reconquered.
898: Carloman II of Gothia dies childless. After some internal disputes, Bernard III decides to strip the Gothic Crown and incorporates the Gothic duchies as Imperial duchies.
899: The Danes are defeated in Aquitaine. Byzantium declares war to Serbia and Bulgaria for forcing them to retrocede to the North.
890: Creation of the First Magyar Empire in the Dniester-Dnieper area. The Bulgars move even more southwards and set their new capital in Varna.
891: The Goths finally capture the city of Valencia, but in the north they lose control over most of Septimania.
892: Death of Louis II of Saxony. His son Henry is crowned new King. The Empire creates a new duchy in Lusatia to control and convert the Sorbians, with the help of Silesia.
893: The Danes start the conquest of Brittany. Septimania secedes from Gothia (excepting the county of Roussillon) and becomes a new Imperial duchy.
894: The conquest of all Lusatia is completed. All the Slavic elites west of Poland accept Nicene Christianism as their own faith.
895: The Empire defeats the Magyars in a huge battle in New Saxony. End of the expansion of the Magyars to the West.
896: Following the example of Sicily, diverse Saracen entities achieve their independence in the Magreb area. The Emirate of Tunis is proclaimed that year.
897: The collapse of the Caliphate in the West gives a rest to Byzantium in Anatolia. Iconium is reconquered.
898: Carloman II of Gothia dies childless. After some internal disputes, Bernard III decides to strip the Gothic Crown and incorporates the Gothic duchies as Imperial duchies.
899: The Danes are defeated in Aquitaine. Byzantium declares war to Serbia and Bulgaria for forcing them to retrocede to the North.
Decade of 900s
900: New attempt of secession in Vasconia. The Imperial armies massacre the rebelling Basques in two separate campaigns.
901: The duke of Flanders defeats the Danes in Kalen. The Emirate of Cordoba subdue some minor emirates in Morocco.
902: Death of Bernard III. His adopted son Robert is crowned new Emperor, but his cousin Louis the Bald challenges his power. Uprising in Bohemia and the Moravias.
903: New Imperial-Sicilian war. The Saracens evacuate their last strongholds in the Italian peninsula. Italy is politically re-unified for the first time since 568.
904: End of the war between Byzantium and the Serbian-Bulgar alliance: the Byzantines fail to reconquer the Balkans.
905: Louis the Bald is captured in Bohemia and executed. End of the Bohemian uprising.
906: New war between the Empire and Serbia. The Serbs succeed to control some new territories in Croatia.
907: The Magyar Empire conquers Crimea and its surroundings. The Arab Caliphate invades the island of Cyprus with almost no opposition.
908: Treaty of Oviedo: the Kingdom of Asturias is divided between some claimants to the throne. Euric receives Galicia, Fafila receives Asturias-León and Garcia receives Castille.
909: The Byzantines request the Empire for assistance against new Serbian advances in the Aepyrus.
900: New attempt of secession in Vasconia. The Imperial armies massacre the rebelling Basques in two separate campaigns.
901: The duke of Flanders defeats the Danes in Kalen. The Emirate of Cordoba subdue some minor emirates in Morocco.
902: Death of Bernard III. His adopted son Robert is crowned new Emperor, but his cousin Louis the Bald challenges his power. Uprising in Bohemia and the Moravias.
903: New Imperial-Sicilian war. The Saracens evacuate their last strongholds in the Italian peninsula. Italy is politically re-unified for the first time since 568.
904: End of the war between Byzantium and the Serbian-Bulgar alliance: the Byzantines fail to reconquer the Balkans.
905: Louis the Bald is captured in Bohemia and executed. End of the Bohemian uprising.
906: New war between the Empire and Serbia. The Serbs succeed to control some new territories in Croatia.
907: The Magyar Empire conquers Crimea and its surroundings. The Arab Caliphate invades the island of Cyprus with almost no opposition.
908: Treaty of Oviedo: the Kingdom of Asturias is divided between some claimants to the throne. Euric receives Galicia, Fafila receives Asturias-León and Garcia receives Castille.
909: The Byzantines request the Empire for assistance against new Serbian advances in the Aepyrus.
Decade of 910s
910: Creation of the new duchies of Auvergne and Calabria. The Saracens of Sicily are defeated once again by the Empire in the waters of Syracuse.
911: The Bristish Danes conquer Cornwall. First Danish expeditions to southeastern Ireland.
912: Peace between Byzantium and Serbia. The Byzantines manage to repeal a new Arab advance into central Anatolia.
913: Death of Henry of Saxony. His son Henry II is crowned new King. The anti-Slavic policies of the new King trigger the migration of many Slavs to neighbouting Silesia.
914: Alliance of Castille with the Empire against the Kingdom of Asturias: Castille becomes a vassal state de facto.
915: The Magyars defeat the Bulgars in the delta of the Danube. The Bulgars abandon southern Moldova, but keep their strongholds in Wallachia.
916: New Roman-Sicilian war: the Imperial armies manage to reach the eastern shore of the island. Long siege of Syracuse.
917: The British Danes raid Flanders, but fail to conquer the duchy. The Saxons help the Flemish to expel them back to Britain.
918: The armies of the Emirate of Tunis help the Sicilians to break the siege of Syracuse. However, the Imperial armies do not abandon the island and camp in the northeast, where they receive suplies from the duchy of Calabria.
919: The Kingdom of Norway tries a large scale invasion of Saxon Jutland by sea, but the lack of coordination of their fleet frustrates their plans. Saxon counter-attack against the Danes in the island of Funen.
910: Creation of the new duchies of Auvergne and Calabria. The Saracens of Sicily are defeated once again by the Empire in the waters of Syracuse.
911: The Bristish Danes conquer Cornwall. First Danish expeditions to southeastern Ireland.
912: Peace between Byzantium and Serbia. The Byzantines manage to repeal a new Arab advance into central Anatolia.
913: Death of Henry of Saxony. His son Henry II is crowned new King. The anti-Slavic policies of the new King trigger the migration of many Slavs to neighbouting Silesia.
914: Alliance of Castille with the Empire against the Kingdom of Asturias: Castille becomes a vassal state de facto.
915: The Magyars defeat the Bulgars in the delta of the Danube. The Bulgars abandon southern Moldova, but keep their strongholds in Wallachia.
916: New Roman-Sicilian war: the Imperial armies manage to reach the eastern shore of the island. Long siege of Syracuse.
917: The British Danes raid Flanders, but fail to conquer the duchy. The Saxons help the Flemish to expel them back to Britain.
918: The armies of the Emirate of Tunis help the Sicilians to break the siege of Syracuse. However, the Imperial armies do not abandon the island and camp in the northeast, where they receive suplies from the duchy of Calabria.
919: The Kingdom of Norway tries a large scale invasion of Saxon Jutland by sea, but the lack of coordination of their fleet frustrates their plans. Saxon counter-attack against the Danes in the island of Funen.
Decade of 920s
920: Death of Emperor Robert. His son, Robert II is crowned new Emperor in Pavia.
921: The Saxons complete the invasion and annexation of the Danish island of Funen. Peace with Norway.
922: Taking advantage of an internal dispute for succession in the Emirate of Tunis, the Imperial armies in Sicily launch a large-scale invasion in the west coast. Fall of Syracuse.
923: The Serbs invade most of inner Greece after defeating the Byzantines in Tríkala. The Roman navy helps Byzantium to retain control over Dyrrachium.
924: The British Danes establish their first permanent settlements in southeastern Ireland.
925: The Imperial armies conquer western and central Sicily. The Emirate of Tunis deploy a large army in the eastern coast in an attempt to stop the Roman advance.
926: Independence of the Sultanate of Egypt from the Arab Caliphate. The Arabs abandon any military action north of Syria and starts a long war against the Sultanate, trying to revert its independence.
927: The armies recruited by the duke of Flanders help the duke of West Francia to expell the British Danes from the Alabaster Coast, but fail to expell them from the mouth of the Seine.
928: Decisive battle of Marsala: the Roman Imperial armies crush the Sicilian-Tunisian forces in eastern Sicily. End of the Emirate of Sicily: many of the Muslim population depart along with the soldiers up to Tunis.
929: Creation of the Roman duchy of Sicily. The Emirate of Tunis takes control of former Saracen Sicilian islands like Malta or Pantellaria.
920: Death of Emperor Robert. His son, Robert II is crowned new Emperor in Pavia.
921: The Saxons complete the invasion and annexation of the Danish island of Funen. Peace with Norway.
922: Taking advantage of an internal dispute for succession in the Emirate of Tunis, the Imperial armies in Sicily launch a large-scale invasion in the west coast. Fall of Syracuse.
923: The Serbs invade most of inner Greece after defeating the Byzantines in Tríkala. The Roman navy helps Byzantium to retain control over Dyrrachium.
924: The British Danes establish their first permanent settlements in southeastern Ireland.
925: The Imperial armies conquer western and central Sicily. The Emirate of Tunis deploy a large army in the eastern coast in an attempt to stop the Roman advance.
926: Independence of the Sultanate of Egypt from the Arab Caliphate. The Arabs abandon any military action north of Syria and starts a long war against the Sultanate, trying to revert its independence.
927: The armies recruited by the duke of Flanders help the duke of West Francia to expell the British Danes from the Alabaster Coast, but fail to expell them from the mouth of the Seine.
928: Decisive battle of Marsala: the Roman Imperial armies crush the Sicilian-Tunisian forces in eastern Sicily. End of the Emirate of Sicily: many of the Muslim population depart along with the soldiers up to Tunis.
929: Creation of the Roman duchy of Sicily. The Emirate of Tunis takes control of former Saracen Sicilian islands like Malta or Pantellaria.
Decade of 930s
930: Civil war in the Emirate of Cordoba. Castile expells the last Cordoban military settlements from the Duero valley.
931: Alliance between the kingdoms of Asturias and Galicia against the aggressive expansionism of Castile.
932: Conflict between Norway and the British Danes regarding free navigation through the North Sea: the Saxons support the Norwegian side.
933: The Byzantines fail to reconquer the island of Cyprus.
934: New Byzantine-Bulgarian border treaty which benefits Bulgarian interests.
935: García III demands same status of Saxony and Silesia for Castile, in order to stop continued hostility from the alliance of Asturias and Galicia.
936: End of the civil war in the Emirate of Cordoba. The Emirate is heavily decentralized.
937: The Pagan Slavs from Poland raid Bohemia and the Moravias.
938: Emperor Robert II accepts to concede status of Imperial protection to Castile. In exchange of Castilian loyalty, the Empire cedes the part of Vasconia south of the Ebro to Castile.
939: Treaty of Funen: permanent alliance between Norway and Saxony against the British Danes.
930: Civil war in the Emirate of Cordoba. Castile expells the last Cordoban military settlements from the Duero valley.
931: Alliance between the kingdoms of Asturias and Galicia against the aggressive expansionism of Castile.
932: Conflict between Norway and the British Danes regarding free navigation through the North Sea: the Saxons support the Norwegian side.
933: The Byzantines fail to reconquer the island of Cyprus.
934: New Byzantine-Bulgarian border treaty which benefits Bulgarian interests.
935: García III demands same status of Saxony and Silesia for Castile, in order to stop continued hostility from the alliance of Asturias and Galicia.
936: End of the civil war in the Emirate of Cordoba. The Emirate is heavily decentralized.
937: The Pagan Slavs from Poland raid Bohemia and the Moravias.
938: Emperor Robert II accepts to concede status of Imperial protection to Castile. In exchange of Castilian loyalty, the Empire cedes the part of Vasconia south of the Ebro to Castile.
939: Treaty of Funen: permanent alliance between Norway and Saxony against the British Danes.
The Byzantines are not going to collapse anytime soon.
However, this scenario is worse for then than IOTL because their enemies had other competitors which prevented them on focus only against Byzantium; ITTL this factor has been diminished.
Decade of 940s
940: Following the death of the Imperial heir, Prince Charles, due to illness, Robert II appoints his nephew Frederick, son of his sister Gertrude and the Saxon King Henry II, as new heir. Some dukes (Upper Burgundy, Alamannia, West Bavaria and Provence) challenge the decision and try to overthrow the Emperor.
941: Schism of Basel: Liutprand of Alamannia is crowned alternate Emperor. The noblemen of Auvergne and Septimania support the new Emperor.
942: Death of Henry II of Saxony: Frederick is crowned new King and recruits a powerful army for claiming his Imperial rights in the South. The Italian duchies rejects 'a Saxon Emperor' and decide to support Liutprand's claims.
943: Siege of Pavia: Liutprand's army besieges Pavia. Emperor Robert II tries to escape, but he is captured and executed.
944: Civil war in Rome: the northern duchies support Frederick while the southern ones support Liutprand. Frederick merges his title of King of Saxony with the title of Emperor of the Romans.
945: Frederick's allies attacks Basel: the Francian armies crush the Burgundian ones and clear the path of Pavia to Frederick.
946: Frederick gains the support of Silesia, Bohemia and the Moravias. Liutprand flees from Pavia and establishes his headquearters in Rome.
947: Many of the allies of Liutprand surrender to Frederick's forces. In November, the Emperor Frederick enters in Pavia and he is crowned there by the Archbishop of Milan. The reign of Frederick will shift the traditional Latin dominion inside the Empire to a more Germanic dominance.
948: Liutprand tries to halt the Imperial armies in Tuscany, but after a harsh battle in the nearby of Sienna, the Imperial soldiers break the Liutprand's lines.
949: In May, Frederick himself enters in Rome and visits Pope Emilian in the Vatican, who blesses the new Emperor. Liutprand and his loyal men flee to Sicily, the last reduct of the alliance against Frederick.
940: Following the death of the Imperial heir, Prince Charles, due to illness, Robert II appoints his nephew Frederick, son of his sister Gertrude and the Saxon King Henry II, as new heir. Some dukes (Upper Burgundy, Alamannia, West Bavaria and Provence) challenge the decision and try to overthrow the Emperor.
941: Schism of Basel: Liutprand of Alamannia is crowned alternate Emperor. The noblemen of Auvergne and Septimania support the new Emperor.
942: Death of Henry II of Saxony: Frederick is crowned new King and recruits a powerful army for claiming his Imperial rights in the South. The Italian duchies rejects 'a Saxon Emperor' and decide to support Liutprand's claims.
943: Siege of Pavia: Liutprand's army besieges Pavia. Emperor Robert II tries to escape, but he is captured and executed.
944: Civil war in Rome: the northern duchies support Frederick while the southern ones support Liutprand. Frederick merges his title of King of Saxony with the title of Emperor of the Romans.
945: Frederick's allies attacks Basel: the Francian armies crush the Burgundian ones and clear the path of Pavia to Frederick.
946: Frederick gains the support of Silesia, Bohemia and the Moravias. Liutprand flees from Pavia and establishes his headquearters in Rome.
947: Many of the allies of Liutprand surrender to Frederick's forces. In November, the Emperor Frederick enters in Pavia and he is crowned there by the Archbishop of Milan. The reign of Frederick will shift the traditional Latin dominion inside the Empire to a more Germanic dominance.
948: Liutprand tries to halt the Imperial armies in Tuscany, but after a harsh battle in the nearby of Sienna, the Imperial soldiers break the Liutprand's lines.
949: In May, Frederick himself enters in Rome and visits Pope Emilian in the Vatican, who blesses the new Emperor. Liutprand and his loyal men flee to Sicily, the last reduct of the alliance against Frederick.
