Chronology: Reconstruction of the Roman Empire under the Carolingian dynasty

EPILOGUE III. 18th Century.


Throughout this century, the Roman Empire experimented a deep division between the classical core (which walked towards a more Liberal and democratic system thanks to the new Constitution of 1755) and the colonial areas, where an oligarchic and autocratic system prospered thanks to the big gains of trading the goods produced by plantations which employed local workforce in a quasi-slavery regime.

The expansions in Europe in Terra Nova were limited to the previously poorly explored Arctic areas, while in Eastern Africa the colonial expansion continued through Somalia and the Indian Ocean coasts. In 1735 the first Roman expedition arrived in Terra Australis (OTL Australia), which will start to be colonized by the 1760s (colonial duchy of New Holland, OTL Perth area) and by the end of the century the expansion already reached the Pacific coasts (New Wales / Neuwallis).

The Olivian Republic also experienced a quick expansion, reaching the Pacific coast by 1725; their Mexican vassals were re-organized in a federation of several Olivian entities (United States of Mexico, 1763) which expanded through Central Terra Nova until clashing with the Muslim Chiefdom of Soboko in the isthmus area. The other two Muslim powehouses, the Inca and the Liku-Mali also expanded their dominions by the unoccupied areas of South Terra Nova.
 
How did China get so big?

Because they won the Mongols during the 13-14th centuries (as explained in the Chronology) and then they acquired all those Manchuria-Amur lands. The rest is similar to OTL China without Tibet.

Does China's territory include its tributaries or only its centrally controlled lands? PS when did Rome annex Somalia? Will Rome go for some Indian trading posts or the River Plate next? Mumbai, Ceylon, Bengal, Singapore, Hong Kong are well poised to tap into the trade network for spice and porcelain.

China would include the territories they somehow control.

Regarding Somalia (last Epilogue): "in Eastern Africa the colonial expansion continued through Somalia and the Indian Ocean coasts."

And Rome is just too overexpanded for doing all those new expansions, though they would boost their commercial ties with all of these interesting Indian and Chinese trading posts.
 
Just for clarification on how this TL will be ended:

- I will post just one last (but long) epilogue 1800-2020 with its corresponding map.
- I will publish another post about how the modern Roman Empire would look like (political system, demographics etc.).
- The best for the end :) I will post an electoral map of the Roman Empire. It would be a detailed electoral map involving lands from five continents, maybe nothing done before :D
 
EPILOGUE IV (and last). From 1800 until today.


For the Romans, the Modern Era started with the three Revolutions (1806-1811, 1825-1830 and 1839-1842) which dismantled the old aristocratic Regime and replaced it by a pseudo-democratic Regime controlled by certain oligarchies which had gained power through the prosperity of the intercontinental commerce. The old duchies and counties were kept, but the ruling local dynasties where removed and ‘civil dukes’ and ‘civil counts’ were appointed by councils elected through a voting system restricted to certain social classes. The Emperor retained his symbolic role as head of state and head of the Church, without real powers.

However, the impact of these first Revolutions was reduced to the core of the Empire and northern Terra Nova, while the colonial duchies kept their former status. During the 19th century the Romans completed their domination over most of Oceania; apart of the full dominion of Terra Australis, they conquered the Autheria islands (OTL Aotearoa /New Zealand) and some Melanesian archipelagoes like Canacea (OTL Kanaka/ New Caledonia). In the other continents, the Roman expansion was considerably reduced to some new territories explored in the Arctic and the official incorporation of most of the Sahara desert thanks to an historical treaty with the Sultanate of Mali in 1870 (the Malians recovered their lost access to Lake Chad as a payback).

In 1880, a period of new social convulsion emerged in the core and the Empire and reached the colonial duchies for the first time by the 1890s. In 1896, the Roman Terra Nova and the Olivian Republic signed an important border treaty which put an end to decades of hostility and opened a new era of collaboration between the two powers. The beginning of new commercial relations with the Olivian Republic and its Mexican allies led to the end of the obsolete colonial regime in the Roman Caribbean during the decade of 1910.

In Africa and Oceania, the colonial regime was only abolished when the provisional Constitution of 1932 was passed by the Diet, but the first fully democratic Roman Constitution was not approved until 1947, which introduced the universal suffrage by the first time, including the voting rights for women. By the beginning of the 21st century, only the Roman Empire, the Olivian Republic, the United States of Mexico and, to some extent, the Empire of Japan could be considered full democracies in the World.
 
ANNEX. Political system of the Roman Empire

Head of State

The Emperor is both the Head of State and the Head of the Roman Church. He has no real powers and his role is merely symbolical; however, he is considered the first representative of the Roman state abroad, so his moral authority regarding some international affairs could be higher than the Roman chancelor. The Emperor usually resides in Rome since 1842, but he has no official residence.

Diet of Pavia

The Empire has no official capital city, but unofficially it is considered to be Pavia as it is the home of the main Roman institution. The Diet is the only national legislative institution, as there is no Senate or similar. All the Roman duchies are currently represented in the Diet: all of them have a permanent delegation in Pavia with a spokeperson who represents the whole delegation in the actual Diet when the debates and the voting are performed. However, not all the spokepeople have the same number of votes: depending on the population weight of every duchy, a different number of votes can be submitted. I.e. the spokeperson of the Saxon delegation can submit 12 votes, while the spokeperson of the Icelandic one can submit just one.

The Diet is renewed every four years through the national elections. Every party presents its own proposed delegation in every duchy they contest: there is a first round where the two most voted parties in every duchy are selected for the second and final round (it is very unusual that a party gets more than 50% of the valid vote in the first round). Due to the high number of parties (because of the diversity of hundreds of duchies), they are grouped by 'families' in the Diet: the most relevant are the (Social-) Democratic, Conservative, Liberal, Nationalist, Green and Labour.

The Diet does not appoint any unified Government: they create different comittees (Justice, Diplomacy, Commerce...) with similar party composition to the Diet itself. The only relevant figure chosen by the Diet is the Roman chancelor, considered to be the second authority after the Emperor and the first political one. Normally, the chancelor is proposed by the winner family of parties. The chancelor has limited powers outside diplomacy and somehow institutional representative of the Diet.

The Diet has competences over defence (army, navy...), the Roman Central Bank (currency), diplomacy, international commerce and certain kind of laws. The Supreme Court is also regulated by the Diet, but the judges are appointed by their own separate committe. Other national institutions are not located in Pavia: the Central Bank is located in Terra Nova (New England) while the Supreme Court is located in Constantinople.

Duchies and counties

The duchies run almost all the ordinary competences: education, healthcare, police, ordinary justice etc. The Civil Duke is appointed by the ducal diet and, unlike in Pavia, he forms a proper government. The duchies are divided in several counties, but they have no diet: since 1870, the Civil Counts are appointed by the mayors of the cities and villages of the county, so they are indirectly elected through the local elections. The counties basically manage the supra-local services like garbage collection, recycling, management of the woods and lanes etc.
The counties also act as constituencies for the ducal elections.
 
Map of the World in 2020

M89jWJY.png
 
The 300 Roman Duchies

After the territorial reformation of 1949, which mostly affected the former colonial duchies, the Roman duchies were reduced to just 300 (not including the District of Pavia). All of them are quickly identified by a three-letter acronym in Germanic Lingua Franca:

ACH
Achaien Achaia
AGD Agder Agder
ALA Äland Aland
ALM Alamannien Alamannia
AMI Ämilien Emilia
ANG Angern Anjou
ANT Antillen Antilles (OTL Azores)
ANW Äussere Neuwallis Outer New Wales (OTL Eastern Australia)
APU Apulien Apulia
AST Asturien Asturias
BAL Balearen Balearic Islands
BOH Böhmen Bohemia
BOR Boriken Boriqua (OTL Puerto Rico)
BOS Bosnien Bosnia
BRA Brabant Brabant
CAR Christarabien Christian Arabia (OTL Sinai)
DAK Dakien Dacia
DAL Dalmatien Dalmatia
DUK Duklien Dioclea
EBE Ebenen Planitia Islands (OTL Bahamas)
EIL Eisland Iceland
ELS Elsass Alsace
ELY Elyssien Elyssia (OTL Jamaica)
ENG Engern Angria
ERY Erythreen Erythrea
ESL Estland Estonia
FAJ Fajum Fayyum
FES Fessen Phasania (Fezzan)
FIL Finnland Finland
FJL Fjordland Fjordland
FLA Flandern Flanders
FNZ Fönizien Fenicia
FRL Friesland Frisia
FRY Frygien Phrygia
FUN Fünen Funen
FUV Friaul und Venedig Friuli & Venice
GAL Galatien Galatia
GBA Grossbalearen Great Balears (OTL Cuba)
GEF Geften Gepidia (OTL North Transylvania)
GEL Geldern Guelders
GKY Grosskythe Greater Scythia (OTL Southwestern Ukraine)
GLB Grosslangbärten Greater Lombardy
GLZ Galizien Galicia
GOL Gottland Gotland
GPO Grosspolen Greater Poland
GRE Grossreussen Greater Ruthenia
GRL Grünland Greenland
GWL Grosswalachei Greater Wallachia
HAL Halland Halland
HDL Hordaland Hordaland
HEL Heiliges Land Holy Land
HER Herbalen Herbalia (OTL Pemba and Zanzibar)
HES Hessen Hesse
HFL Hoffeland Hopeland (OTL Bermuda)
HGL Helgeland Helgeland
HLL Helluland Helluland (OTL Baffin Island)
HOL Holland Holland
HPO Hinterpommern Farther Pomerania
IML Ingermannland Ingria
INL Inuitland Inuit Lands (OTL Nunavut)
INW Innere Neuwallis Inner New Wales (OTL Central Australia)
JML Jämtland Jamtland
KAL Kalabrien Calabria
KAN Kanaken Canacea (OTL New Caledonia)
KAR Kärnten Carinthia
KBR Kleinbritten Lesser Britain (Brittany)
KEM Kempen Champagne
KEN Kent Kent
KIB Kibyren Cibyrrha
KJW Kujawien Kujavia
KKY Kleinskythe Lesser Scythia
KLB Kleinlangbärten Lesser Lombardy
KLY Kalybien Chalybia
KML Kumberländer Cumbria
KOM Komoren Comoros
KON Konnacht Connacht
KOR Korse Corsica
KPO Kleinpolen Lesser Poland
KRA Krain Carniola
KRE Kleinreussen Lesser Ruthenia
KRL Kurland Courland
KRM Krim Crimea
KRO Kroatien Croatia
KSL Kaiserland Emperor Islands (OTL Prince Edward Islands)
KUZ Krete und Zwölfinseln Crete & Dodecanese
KWA Kornwallis Cornwall
KWL Kleinwalachei Lesser Wallachia
KYL Kyreneland Cirenaica
KZL Kreuzland Crossland (OTL Victoria, Australia)
LAU Lausitz Lusatia
LAZ Lazien Lazio
LEI Leinster Leinster
LIG Ligurien Liguria
LIS Lissnen Licinia (OTL Ohio)
LIT Litauen Lithuania
LMW Lemowigen Lemosin
LOW Löwin Leona (OTL Hispaniola)
LTL Lettland Latvia
LUG Lauren und Glücken Laurea & Fortuna (OTL Madeira & Canary Islands)
LUT Luterwitt Lutriwita (Tasmania)
LVL Livland Livonia
LYB Lybien Lybia
LYK Lykien Lycia
LYN Lykaonien Lycaonia
LZK Laziken Lazica
MAS Masuren Masuria
MER Merzien Mercia
MFR Mainfranken Francia of the Main
MOS Mösien Moesia
MPO Mittelpolen Middle Poland
MRL Marienland Maryland (OTL South Ontario)
MRO Mittelrochsland Middle Rokhsland (OTL Central Madagascar)
MSW Masowien Mazovia
MUN Munster Munster
MYS Mysien Mysia
NAL Niederalodien Lower Alodia
NAU Nordautherien North Autheria (OTL North Island of NZL)
NAW Nordarwernen North Arvernia
NAZ Nordazanien North Azania (OTL Kenya)
NBA Nordbayern North Bavaria
NBG Niederburgunden Lower Burgundy
NBL Nordblauland North Blueland (OTL Chesapeake Bay)
NBO Nordbotten North Bothnia
NCT Nordchristtürkei North Christian Turkey (OTL Central Ukraine)
NDE Nildelta Delta of the Nile
NEE Neuengland New England (OTL New York, New Jersey)
NEH Neuholland New Holland (OTL Western Australia)
NEK Neukaledonien New Caledonia (OTL Nova Scotia)
NEP Nordepier North Epirus
NER Neureussen New Ruthenien (OTL Belarus)
NES Neusachsen New Saxony (OTL Saxon Transylvania)
NEW Neuschwaben New Swabia (OTL Banat)
NFL Neufundland Newfoundland
NFR Neufranken New Francia (OTL Southwestern Quebec)
NGU Niederguyennen Lower Aquitaine
NHU Nordhumbrien Northumberland
NJL Nordjütland North Jutland
NKA Nordkaledonien North Caledonia
NKE Norikern Noricum
NKS Nordkastilien North Castile
NLU Nordlusen North Lusitania
NMA Niedermähren Lower Moravia
NMN Nordmannien Normandy
NMZ Niedermazedonien Lower Macedonia
NNS Nordneustrien North Neustria
NNW Niedernorwegen Lower Norway
NOR Nornen Northern Isles
NPL Neupelland Napolitania
NPO Niederpodolien Lower Podolia
NSC Niederschlesien Lower Silesia
NSE Nordserbien North Serbia
NSO Nordsomalien North Somalia
NSP Neuspanien New Spain (OTL Florida)
NTU Nordtunesien North Tunisia
NUN Nordungarn North Hungary (OTL Bukovina)
NWI Niederwinland Lower Vinland (OTL Lower Saint Lawrence)
NWK Nordwasken North Vasconia
NWM Nordweissmannland North Whiteman's Land (OTL New England)
OAG Oberägypten Upper Egypt
OAK Ostaksum East Aksum
OAL Oberalodien Upper Alodia
OAR Ostarmenien East Armenia
OAT Ostäthiopien East Ethiopia
OAW Ostawaren East Avaria (OTL West Transylvania)
OBA Ostbayern East Bavaria
OBE Ostberberei East Berbery
OBG Oberburgunden Upper Burgundy
OBO Ostbotten East Bothnia
OBU Ostbulgarien East Bulgaria
OEL Ostengland East England
OFA Ostfalen Eastphalia
OGA Ostgauten East Geatland
OGT Ostgothen East Gothia (OTL Catalonia)
OGU Oberguyennen Upper Aquitaine
OKA Ostkarelien East Karelia
OKP Ostkappadokien East Cappadocia
OLL Ostlappland East Lapland
OMA Obermähren Upper Moravia
OML Ostmarkland East Markland (OTL East Labrador)
OMS Ostmeissen East Misnia (OTL East Saxony)
OMU Ostmauren East Mauritania
OMZ Obermazedonien Upper Macedonia
ONB Obernubien Upper Nubia
ONU Ostnumidien East Numidia
ONW Obernorwegen Upper Norway
OPO Oberpodolien Upper Podolia
OPS Ostpolesien East Polesia
ORO Ostrochsland East Rokhsland (OTL East Madagascar)
OSB Ostsächsbritten East Seaxia (Essex)
OSC Oberschlesien Upper Silesia
OST Ostrien Austrasia (OTL Lorraine)
OSU Ostsudanien East Sudania (OTL East Sahel)
OSW Ostschwaben East Swabia
OTH Ostthrakien East Thracia
OUD Ösel und Dagö Saaremaa & Hiiumaa
OUN Ostungarn East Hungary (OTL Bessarabia)
OWD Ostwandalen East Vandalitia (OTL East Andalusia)
OWI Oberwinland Upper Vinland (OTL Upper Saint Lawrence)
OZE Ozeanien Oceana Islands (OTL Mascarenes)
PAF Paflagonien Paphlagonia
PAN Pannonien Pannonia
PEL Peitland Poitou
PFR Pfalzfranken Palatinate
PML Pommerellen Pomerelia
POD Podlachen Podlachia
PRE Preussen Prussia
PRO Provenz Provence
PTL Pontland Pontus
RAS Raskien Rascia
RAT Rätien Rhetia
RFR Rheinfranken Francia of the Rhine
RGL Rogaland Rogaland
RUG Rügen Rugia (OTL Mecklenburg)
SAC Sachsen Saxony
SAL Sauland Saveland (OTL Slavonia)
SAR Sarmaten Sarmatia (OTL Kherson Oblast)
SAU Südautherien South Autheria (OTL South Island of NZL)
SAW Südarwernen South Arvernia
SAZ Südazanien South Azania (OTL Tanganyka and North Mozambique)
SBL Südblauland South Blueland (OTL Carolinas)
SBU Siebenbürgen Septimania
SCK Scherkessen Circassia
SCL Schottland Scotland
SCM Schemaiten Samogitia
SCN Schonen Scania
SCT Südchristtürkei South Christian Turkey (OTL Mykolaiv Oblast)
SCW Schweden Sweden
SDN Sardinien Sardinia
SEL Seeland Seeland
SEP Südepier South Epirus
SFR Salfranken Salian Francia
SGA Semgallen Semigallia
SGT Südgothen South Gothia (OTL Valencian Community)
SHU Südhumbrien Southumberland
SJL Südjütland South Jutland
SKA Südkaledonien South Caledonia
SKR Schildkröten Tortoise Islands (OTL Seychelles and Chagos)
SKS Südkastilien South Castile
SLU Südlusen South Lusitania
SML Smaland Smaland
SMU Südmauren South Mauritania
SNS Südneustrien South Neustria
SPA Sparten Spartia (OTL Murcian Community)
SSE Südserbien South Serbia
SSO Südsomalien South Somalia
STU Südtunesien South Tunisia
SWK Südwasken South Vasconia
SWM Südweissmannland South Whiteman's Land (OTL Pennsylvania)
SYM Syrmien Syrmium
SYR Syrien Syria
SZL Sizilien Sicily
TDL Tröndelag Trondelag
THE Thessalien Thessalia
THR Thrakesien Thracesia
THU Thüringen Thuringia
THY Thynen Bithynia
TIR Tirol Tyrol
TUS Tusken Tuscany
UAG Unterägypten Lower Egypt
UGA Ugaunien Ugaundi
UKR Ukraine Ukraine
ULS Ulster Ulster
UNB Unternubien Lower Nubia
VML Vermandland Vermandois
VPO Vorpommern Hither Pomerania
WAA Waadt Vaud
WAK Westaksum West Aksum
WAL Wallis Wales
WAR Westarmenien West Armenia
WAT Westäthiopien West Ethiopia
WAW Westawaren West Avaria (OTL Hungary)
WBA Westbayern West Bavaria
WBE Westberberei West Berbery
WBO Westbotten West Bothnia
WBU Westbulgarien West Bulgaria
WDL Wendland Wendland (OTL Brandenburg)
WEL Westengland West England
WFA Westfalen Westphalia
WGA Westgauten West Geatland
WGT Westgothen West Gothia (OTL Aragon)
WHY Wolhynen Volhynia
WKA Westkarelien West Karelia
WKP Westkappadokien West Cappadocia
WLL Westlappland West Lapland
WML Westmarkland West Markland (OTL West Labrador)
WMS Westmeissen West Misnia (OTL West Saxony)
WMU Westmauren West Mauritania
WNU Westnumidien West Numidia
WPS Westpolesien West Polesia
WRL Wermland Wermland
WRO Westrochsland West Rokhsland (OTL West Madagascar)
WSB Westsächsbritten West Seaxia (Wessex)
WSU Westsudanien West Sudania (OTL West Sahel)
WSW Westschwaben West Swabia
WTH Westthrakien West Thracia
WUN Westungarn West Hungary (OTL Romanian Moldova)
WWD Westwandalen West Vandalitia (OTL West Andalusia)
ZLZ Zilizien Cilicia
ZSL Zweistromland Mesopotamia
ZYP Zypern Cyprus
 
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