A Tale of Two Len(non/in)s
A classic Richard Nixon the Used Car Salesman switch-a-roo
"Soldier, I need you to bring me this man."
"Got it." [...] "Found him, Sir."
"Wha- who- No, not Len
non, Le
nin! The Russian communist-
WHAT?! Why would I need a Beatle?! Lenin: the Russian communist; he was exiled to Switzerland! You know what, I'll just do it myself."
An apocryphal exchange between a German general and a German soldier.
John Winston Lennon FBA (9 October 1940 - 14 June 1997) was a British-American Marxist philosopher, author, sociologist, psychologist, and political and peace activist. His most influential works include
The Worker & You, a psychoanalysis of the common worker in Anglo-American spheres, and
Revolutionary Society & the Common Man, an analysis and comparison of capitalistic and communistic societies and the place of the worker in said societies. Ideologically, Lennon aligned himself with
Marxist-Luxemburg thought, but many believe Lennon was an ideologue of
libertarian or
utopian socialism.
Born in
Liverpool, Lennon developed an early interest and ambition in socialist thought when he received a set of philosophical books for his birthday in 1957 from his mother, Julia. He initially had an affinity for music, having borrowed a guitar from his friend, but later stated in a biography that "Music wasn't for me [...] I couldn't play the guitar for the life of me." Lennon campaigned for the
Labour Party in the elections of 1964 and 1966, being an early supporter of
Harold Wilson, but later became critical of his soft left policies. He studied at the
University of Liverpool, majoring in
sociology and
psychology. He later attended
Oxford University, but later transferred overseas to
Princeton University, where he earned his doctorate in 1968. He married his close friend,
Cynthia Powell, in 1962, but divorced her in 1968.
Lennon became an outspoken critic and opponent of
American imperialism, especially during the
Vietnam War in the 1970s, resulting in a long-winded attempt by the
Nixon administration to deport him which ended in failure. He rose to national stardom for his
anti-war essay "
Give Peace a Chance" (1971), which featured his acerbic and caustic wit in his works. During the
1972 election, Lennon endorsed
Democratic candidate
George McGovern; in
1976, he supported independent candidate
Eugene McCarthy. He often switched residences between Liverpool and
New York City, eventually establishing a permanent residence in
Manhattan in 1979. He sharply criticized the election of
Margaret Thatcher as
Prime Minister in 1979. Lennon was closely associated with the American
New Left, and was arrested multiple times for his activism and earned a spot on Nixon's
master list of opponents. Under the
Jackson administration in 1980, Lennon received American citizenship. In 1986, Lennon became a professor of sociology at
Harvard University, stepping down after seven years in 1993.
He published his first book,
The Worker & You, in 1982. The book was a psychoanalysis of the American worker and their place and evolution in American society, and was compiled after seven years of research and travel across the United States. His next major work,
Nations & Nationalism, was published in 1989. In 1994, Lennon published his final major work before his death,
Revolutionary Society & the Common Man, realizing a utopic, socialist world and the roles of people in said society.
Revolutionary Society & the Common Man is often cited as Lennon's most famous and best work.
Lennon committed suicide with a revolver on the morning of June 14, 1997 at his home in New York City. Prior to his death, Lennon had been working on another book, titled
The Vices of Capitalism, which was published posthumously and unfinished in 2004 by his roommate, Walter Bachman. He remained a staunch critic of American imperialism and
neoliberalism and a strong supporter of racial and social equality until his death.
Lennon is considered to be one of the most significant and influential figures of the American New Left, and was subject to a personality cult which peaked at the turn of the 21st centuries. However, reassessment about his legacy has occurred, with
newfound allegations of misogyny and abuse by his various partners, among other controversial actions. Despite this, Lennon remains widely popular as a socialist figure in the United States.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (
Russian: Владимир Ильич Ульянов; 22 April
[O.S. 10 April] 1870 – 3 July 1913), better known by his alias Vladimir Lenin (
Russian: Владимир Ленин), was a Russian
composer and
pianist of the
Classical period. Lenin was influenced by such composers as
Tchaikovsky,
Chopin,
Mozart, and
Rimsky-Korsakov, as evident in his early works.
Born to a moderately prosperous middle-class family in
Simbirsk, Lenin developed an affinity for the piano after watching a pianist's performance in
Tsaritsyn. He graduated from the
Imperial Kazan University in 1892, and subsequently enrolled at the
Moscow Conservatory, graduating from it in 1897. His first few works were notable enough to garner him a reputation, and after the publication of his most famous work,
Piano Concerto in C minor (1899), Lenin gained national stardom. However, the failure of his later pieces, especially that of
Symphony No. 2 in F minor (1902), caused him to enter a three year long melancholy that was ended when he was invited to play for
Tsar Nicholas II at the
Bolshoi Theatre.
Lenin went on a national tour in 1909 and later performed for several high-profile individuals, such as monarchs
Wilhelm II and
Edward VII, French prime minister
Georges Clemenceau, and former President
Theodore Roosevelt. He never returned to Russia after 1910, residing in several hotels in many European cities and in fellow composers' homes at times. On 3 July 1913, Lenin was assassinated by Ulrich Bischof in his hotel room at the
Hotel Adlon in
Berlin,
Germany.
Lenin's legacy is widely seen as positive, with many composers seeing Lenin as an early champion of a series of Russian composers. However, he was largely overshadowed by his fellow contemporaries, such as
Rachmaninoff,
Scriabin and
Prokoviev, with his biographer Max Adler writing, "No one was more famous during their lifetime, and few were more quickly ignored after death."