By "range" with things like this, it means "effective range". As in, the distance at which its sensors can effectively notice and respond to a detected target, and at which it can still have enough fuel to travel and manoeuvre. I mean, if you expend all your fuel getting to an enemy, and you don't have enough to do manoeuvring burns, you're pretty much SOL as far as being an effective explosive weapon.
And as for why ships use missiles the size of ICBM's rather than the size of space shuttles- it's simply more economical. They can carry more missiles that way; and if they carry nuclear warheads on the missiles, then it doesn't really matter if the launch vehicles is big or not.
And, IMO, space fighters
can be justifiable. It all depends on the setting.
Anywho. Now for something completely different but still in the same universe.
My re-re-re-redesign of the Wolf field walker. Yeah, I know, I've done quite a few of these. And the stats are basically the same every time, but just so we're clear on it:
Height: 13 meters
Dry Weight: 22 tons
Full Weight: 45 tons
Accommodation: 1 pilot, cockpit in upper torso
Armour Materials: boron nitride with diamond coating
Powerplant: 2 x ultracompact fusion reactors, 28.2 MW output.
Fixed Armaments: 2 x 20mm rotary cannons, mounted in head; 1 x 30mm automatic cannon, mounted in torso; 1 x 40mm grenade launcher, mounted in torso; 1 x Progressive Blade, mounted on left arm.