This is rightfully a particularly controversial book, but I urge you to check out One Quarter of Humanity: Malthusian Mythology and Chinese Realities, 1700-2000 by Lee and Feng.Yes, there were extremely fertile areas of India and China, just as there were elsewhere. The result was that the population grew until some event triggered a crash- war, plague, crop failure.
Have you read Pomeranz's The Great Divergence or other books of the genre (eg ReOrient by Frank, which is admittedly much inferior to Pomeranz)?Either way, the standard of living was lower in the main centres of population than in Europe