A Similar But All Too Different World

The Opening Up of Africa

By 1880, the Great Depression was starting to subside, but was still lingering. Unemployment was still high, and most legislative governments had been found "weak" and voted out (France, between 1870 and 1880, had 7 governments). Very few people in Europe and America did not feel it, and it is believed that the Great Depression was what forced many nations to begin looking for more income and job opportunities (usually through the military or aid associations). The need for jobs was evident, but with little threat amongst their fellow Europeans, the armies sat dormant, draining the governments of money that could have been used elsewhere. Then, an idea was struck.

Prime Minister James Oliver presented his proposal that the trade ports and small territories held by Britain in Africa be expanded exponentially, citing recent findings of "such large quantities of raw material, it is an absolute amazement no one had yet deemed the region a priority." Britain began it's large scale African colonization. It was, of course met with anger, and sometimes violence, by the local populace in Africa, but the army and navy were out and about actually doing things that were bringing in material wealth into the kingdom, that in turn was opening up more jobs. Seeing the success that Britain was having in the region, France, Spain, Catalonia-Sicily and several other states began establishing and/or expanding colonies in the region. It was so bad on the west coast of Africa, that the region was nicknamed "The Land of a Thousand Colonies." But, as these realms expanded, eventually overlaps occurred, and these overlaps would at first cause some fuss, then, more and more so as the years dragged on, violence between the nations. With so many countries laying claim to the continent, eventually a large war would break out.

In 1886, that war occured. The War of Africa started between Britain, France, Spain, the Ottomans and Batavia, and later be joined in by the United States and the UCSS. The New League of Kalmar (a pet-project of Napoleon I that was founded on the Franc, and survived largely on the Franc, and dominated by the Swedes) eventually throw in as well. The war was solely colonial, and killed an estimated 50,000 Europeans and a further 150,000 natives before it's end with the 1891 Treaty of Brest. The Treaty established the borders of the African continent (save the Sahara), which would be largely followed for years to come, though small skirmishes and minor adjustments would still occasionally occur. The treaty proved successful for some time but would ultimately fail, like many things would.

By 1890, the world was seeing itself coming out not only a depression but also seeing Europe as the premier power in the world. Japan was quickly mobilizing itself "for defensive purposes," people were back to work, as new resources were coming in from the colonies. Indeed, the Confederacy, UCSS and USA had also laid claims to new colonies, the Confederacy (spearheaded by California Norte) was able to claim large region of the Pacific, including Kempkerland (ie Kaiser Wilhelmsland), the UCSS had finally built itself up and laid claim to the Konga basin, but small skirmishes had forced them to make territorial concessions to the British and Portuguese. The USA had claimed a small colony named Franklin (Liberia). These colonies allowed the respective nations reasons to expand their respective navies, which opened up even more jobs. However, like Europe, America was slowly dividing itself into military alliances. In 1891, The Alliance of Chicago appeared between the USA and Louisiana, while the next year marked the Alliance of Richmond between the Confederacy and UCSS.

MORE ABOUT THE AMERICAS

These alliances nearly brought about a general war on the American continent when, in 1894, several Spanish Caribbean colonies overthrew the local governors and established themselves as free states. Ever looking to expand its power in the region, the UCSS declared it's support for the territories. It landed a "liberation army" in Cuba, then Dominica, and lastly in Puerto Rico.

The resulting Caribbean War ousted the Spanish out of all of it's colonies in the Caribbean save Eastern Dominica. The USA and Louisiana were fearful that the UCSS and the Confederacy may try to spark a large war abroad, and protested the war. Indeed, the USA called up it's reserves, but not before the UCSS, the former Spanish colonies and Spain had written up a hasty, UCSS leaning treaty. With the exception of East Dominica, the colonies were to be freed. There was a stipulation that the newly freed colonies would be occupied by the UCSS for 10 years, and at the end of those ten years, these former colonies may hold referendums to determine whether or not to join the United Coalition of Southern States or be independent.

The last major colonial power to appear was Japan. Opened up by the Confederacy and Britain, it was now modernizing as best as it could. Taking advantage of Spain's political chaos over the Caribbean War, it landed troops in the Philippines. Within just two months, the Spanish had been driven out. The general in charge of the Philippine War, a samurai by the name of Enomoto Takeaki, was named Governor of the Japanese Philippines, which he served as until his death in 1906. He oversaw the Japanese in not only taking the region, but also enforcing it's rule, and is vilified today in the Philippines for his extremely harsh measures on the populace at the turn of the century.
 
Second Balkan War

In 1892, spurred on by nationalist ideals, numerous revolutions broke out in the Balkans. Serbia, which had been agitating for more territory, got an alliance with Romania and the secret Serb nationalist society, the Eagles, which operated out of Sarajevo. While having been pseudo-independent of the Ottomans since 1816 due to the Serbian War of Independence, the state was fairly small, and subject to the Ottomans time and time again. In 1892, with their secret alliance in place, Serbia sparked the "Balkan Revolutions." Between April and June, Ottoman forces were pushed out of Bosnia, away from Montenegro, and began losing areas near the Greek and Romanian borders. However, in July, much to the chagrin of Serbia, the Eagles launched terrorist bombings in Vojvodina, bringing Austria into the war. With a large portion of their armies fighting the Ottomans already, Serbia found itself now having to contend with Austria just to it's North.

Romania attempted to provide assistance by marching an army into Transylvania. But they were defeated at the Battle of Radna and again at the Battle of Sibiu. They fell back but put up a stiff resistance at the battle of Suceava, where 1000 Romanians were able to finally win a battle against the Austrians, who numbered nearly 5000 strong.

Another problem arose in August for the Balkan revolutionaries. Austria called on it's closest allies, Bavaria and Russia. Bavaria raised an army of 25,000 men for Austrian use (the infamous Black Brigade, made famous for their slaughter of the Romanians at Braşov). The Russians, seeking to expand their influence, marched an army of nearly 100,000 on Romania in mid-September.

The Ottomans, having found some odd allies, pushed back. By late October, Bulgaria was back under their control, and they had reclaimed Macedonia. Only on the Greek front (the Greeks having jumped it taking advantage of the disorder to further their territorial ambition in May of 1892) did they stall thanks to the brilliance of a young officer named Eleftherios Pangalos, who time and time again routed Ottoman advances in now-Greek Thrace.

By January, Serbia was back to controlling only it's small state, and the Austrians were beginning to clamp down on Bosnia and Serbia at the same time. Russia's large, but poorly armed force finally reached Bucharest just days before their Austrian counterparts. The Balkan revolutionaries, who had dreamed large dreams, were now forced to sue for peace.

The Treaty of Bucharest saw Serbia to be occupied for 10 years by Austria, Bosnia to be administered by Austria (though nominally being retained by the Ottoman Empire), and Romania to be returned to her original border and placed under joint Austrian and Russian oversight. Greece, being of little concern to Austria and Russia, was granted Thrace, but was required to limit their navy for the next 5 years.
 
NEW HOPES IN A NEW CENTURY

The year 1900 saw celebrations throughout the Americas and Europe, the beginning of a new century (technically, 1901 was the start of the new century, but meh). France was making headway in Africa and Asia, and was bringing it's two separate alliances closer together with the signing of the Entente Cordial in May of 1900. Prussia, Poland, Austria and Italy signed their alliance, promising to come the aid of the others. These acts however alienated Russia and Catalonia-Sicily from the rest of Europe.

Britain maintained it's uneasy peace with the Continent. Hanover officially applied and joined the United Kingdom after nearly a century of British Kings and Queens having ruled it anyway. It was given special rights due to it's unique position. In practice, it operated like it always had, but got benefits that any British or Dominion citizen would. In September of 1900, Britain and Portugal reiterated their longstanding alliance, and also brought the Spanish in. Spain, still smarting from the losses in the Caribbean and Pacific was looking for allies to ensure it's remaining colonial interests, particularly in Morocco and Peru.

South America likewise sought alliances for territorial ambitions. Gran Columbia joined with Emperor Pedro IV of the Amazon and President Adelberto Junceiro of Bahia, whilst King Juan II of La Plata allied with President Serra of Parana. Both had designs on Paraguay and Bolivia, so they hammered out agreements for their divisions.

In the US, Donald Alexander III won the presidency on the Reform Party ticket, the first Reform president in over a decade. However, the rival party, the Jeffersonians, barely retained Congress. His presidency was a fairly quiet one until he was shot by a Socialist in 1903. His Vice President, James Evans-Foster assumed the presidency. He narrowly won reelection the next year, riding the grief of the populace to the White House. His first actual term as president saw a strengthening of the Alliance of Chicago, a crackdown on Socialist elements in Massachusetts and the state of Huron, but also the first presidency that supported the Unions. He fought for, but failed to get universal suffrage for woman, but won it for the African American populace (much smaller than OTL).

In Asia, the Kingdom of India was forced once more into signing the Unequal Treaties with Portugal and Britain. China had just lost a war with Japan over Korea and Formosa. Further west, the Ottomans were facing uprisings in Bulgaria and was losing it's hold on Libya.

In 1901, Oregon, East Australia and New Zealand ascended to Dominionhood, and natives in numerous colonies were pushing for similar statuses.

Black Uprisings of 1904

In the United Coalition of Southern States, the country had gone from prosperous, to their economy being destroyed for some years due to their short war with the British, to revamping and establishing first a Caribbean sphere of influence, to finally attaining an African colony. During the entire time, the African peoples, once slaves, had been toiling away in the fields or doing the work on the shipyards deemed too dangerous for a man of "proper White descent." After the establishment of the UCSS Congolese Corporation, the peoples of the Congo saw their rights slowly get pulled away, and a highly militant (and highly bigoted) government-ran company clamp down on the population using a mix of fear-tactics and food distribution.

In the Caribbean, the African-descended peoples were, like elsewhere, oppressed and relegated to a serf-like status, while those of the local nobility and newer UCSS businessmen attained massive wealth from the resources provided by Cuba, Puerto Rico and West Dominica. In 1899, Puerto Rico, effectively controlled by the UCSS family the Wilsons (whose son, Leonard, would later achieve the Presidency of Congress Assembled in 1910), applied for and received full statehood within the UCSS. This was the first (and so far only) other territory the UCSS has admitted into their Coalition since it's founding in the early 1800's.

By the early 1900's, however, widespread unrest within the African population was beginning to be felt. News from Louisiana and the USA saw citizens, not serfs, of color rising to at least some degree of respect and privilege, such as Dr. Wilfred Henson, who led the expedition to the North Pole, and Martin Walker who became the USA's (and the entire North American continent's) first multi-millionaire from his farms and banks. While news was sparse due to the Russian Laws, word-of-mouth travels far, and close proximity to two other countries provided relative ease of access to items of questionable content.

In early April of 1904, the mayor of the township of Greenwood, Georgia, was enjoying an late evening stroll through town. Reports state that he stopped at his office before going to the local pub with a few friends. He informed them he forgot something at his office, and turned back to retrieve it. A few moments later, gunshots were heard. By the next morning the town had erupted into a war zone, with the black population quickly overrunning the white citizenry. The uprisings had begun.

For the next few months, massive uprisings occurred throughout the mainland UCSS, most strongly on population centers in the western areas of the states, where, in many cases, Africans outnumbered whites by very large margins (Greenwood had a white population of only about 600, but a black population nearly 1000). Military units found it difficult to crackdown on the uprising because every township operated largely independently from the next, and guerrilla tactics were most often used.

Every state (except Puerto Rico) was effected, with Georgia and North Carolina bearing the brunt of the uprising, but the Charleston uprising caused massive damage to the cities outer limits. The uprisings, however, were not well organized, and feeling ever increasing pressure from the UCSS military and the various state militias, they ended by December. Minor uprisings would continue to plague the UCSS for the next few years, but would rarely last for more than a few weeks.

The results were a mixed bag. In South Carolina and Georgia, blacks were stripped of any rights they had previously attained, being relegated almost back to a slave-like bearing. Virginia, having felt only two uprisings (Middlesborough and Williamsburg) actually liberalized it's Russian Laws, and finally allowed blacks in the western portion of the state (nicknamed Cumberland) to own property and, with a lot of legal wrangling, vote (men only, the UCSS would bar women voters until 1941).
 
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